Most governments, local organizations, tourism agents, and scholars have extensively promoted ecotourism in recent years. However, government policies have been ignored, public opinion has not been updated, the local tourism infrastructure is incomplete, and operational practices have been poor for a long time. This is because ecotourism has not made any empirical profits, and additionally, it has even incurred more practical costs, which have encouraged few tourism agents to execute and operate ecotourism correctly. The contributive findings of this study are the following: (1) Beyond the evaluated measurements of quantitative and qualitative analyses, the sustainable development of ecotourism essentially creates benefits for the local industry and the environment, and actively assists the industry in improving the business environment, in enhancing service quality, and in creating ecotourism benefits. (2) It is very apparent that the tourism offices of central and local governments, as well as related travel agents and local organizations, have to be trained with regard to the appropriate consumption of sightseeing products, with a consideration of productive yield and a critical focus on quality instead of quantity. Particular attention should also be given to local traveling capacity as well as support for regional development. The maintenance of the local cultural landscape or ecological integrity can directly offer tourists an unprecedented travel experience, which could encourage them to share their knowledge with others in society after traveling, and consequently promote the sustainable development of ecotourism. (3) The results point to the fact that the tourism offices of central and local governments, related travel agents, and local organizations require training in providing special assistance to local residents with regard to the conservation of natural resources. Special training must likewise be provided concerning environmental protection, allowing them to educate the tourists in terms of politely respecting local traditions, norms, and cultures while traveling, since these activities are directly related to the sustainable development of ecotourism. Predictably, beyond this research, these three contributive findings can directly become the research foundation of future works that intend to focus on the sustainability of global ecotourism.

On 19 April 2022, in order to overcome a succession of recent global food health and agriculture safety (FHAS) incidents, the Taiwanese government instituted and announced 20 comprehensive Articles under the Taiwanese Food and Agricultural Education Law (TFAEL) for regulating the Taiwanese FHAS in order to completely construct the international strategies under the current global food security challenges of the FAHS. As a result, this research study firstly employs the learning community model (LCM) of the learning theory to measure the implementing depth of the international sustainability practice of the 20 Articles of the Taiwanese FHASE from a learning performance analytical perspective. Then, the social learning theory (SLT) of the educational theory is applied to consolidate the individual behaviors of the relative stakeholders, the organizational management of the relative industries and the socialized consent of the multilateral organization performance assessment network (MOPAN) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). After completing quantitative and qualitative analyses, the two most valuable conclusions and findings were as follows: (1) Not only Article 12, but also Articles 3, 4 and 5 of the new law can empirically facilitate strategic management for supporting and promoting the Taiwanese FHAS educational policy dialogue at a global, regional and country scale in order to effectively advance the international sustainable compatibility of the TFAEL. (2) Articles 6, 11 and 16 of the new law can completely construct operational management for building normative and standard-setting Taiwanese FHAS educational works in order to efficiently advance the international sustainable compatibility of the TFAEL. Therefore, beyond the analytical results of this research, the international sustainable compatibility of the TFAEL provides a direction for the development of sustainable food systems, food policies, agricultural food markets and food chains in order to overcome the various contemporary global food security challenges.

Customer satisfaction is one of the antecedent variables of customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction can positively affect customer loyalty. However, past research on consumer behavior has focused mainly on the direct consumption behavior of customers in service satisfaction, not in indirect behavior. This study takes the wedding garden as an example to explore the indirect behavior of customers, based on PZB’s service quality, and using the customer value hierarchy theory, adopts a questionnaire survey, and from the perspectives of users, investigates the current service quality, in order to analyze the quality of the service according to an evaluation formula. This study distributes a total of 380 questionnaires and collects 367 valid samples, for a valid return rate of 96.7%. In order to solve the problems caused by the original important performance analysis (IPA), the research constructs new important performance analysis (NIPA) to replace the original. This structural model presents a structured measurement process with risk management performance and judgment rules, which yielded different outcomes, as well as distinguished managerial implications. Furthermore, this new analysis model can provide managers with different perspectives in helping administrators in decision making.

The main purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of positive psychological characteristics on the individual creativity of technological university students. First, this study investigated the relationship between positive psychological characteristics, individual creativity, creative self-efficacy, and hope. Second, surveys were conducted on technological university students in Taiwan, all of whom had studied a creativity course. A total of 819 usable questionnaires were returned out of 1000 questionnaires. The latent variables were found to have good reliability and discriminant and convergent validity. The structural equation modelling analysis found that the overall fit measures in the measurement model scale passed the threshold standard. Finally, it was found that positive psychological characteristics improved individual creativity, creative self-efficacy, and hope, with the positive psychological characteristics positively affecting individual creativity, creative self-efficacy, and hope, and the creative self-efficacy and hope mediating the positive relationship between the positive psychological characteristics and individual creativity. This study sought to add to positive psychological characteristics research by providing empirical results that related positive experiences to creative thinking.

Taiwan is an island where the city and nature combine to become the most beautiful open-air museum in the world, known as Formosa. With climate change and industrial development as the main changes in consumption behavior, the integration of ecology, the environment, and agriculture into food culture is gradually becoming valued in Taiwan. This study explores the quality of the rural outdoor dining experience in Taiwan; therefore, questionnaires were distributed to outdoor dining attendees from the north, central, south, and east, and we obtained 396 valid questionnaires. The rural outdoor dining satisfaction experience can be improved using the innovative New Importance–Performance Analysis (NIPA) model, which is based on the original IPA methodology but modified by the performance of the risk management judge. Additionally, we applied the zone of tolerance (ZOT) to evaluate the quality of priority and the importance–performance analysis (IPA) to make innovation decisions. The model also encourages decision-makers to consider environmental factors and customer feedback. It has not only been used to measure customer satisfaction, assess customer behavior, identify customer needs, and determine areas where quality needs to be improved, but it can also be used to measure the success of business decisions and identify potential areas for improvement. The results show that rural outdoor dining experiences in Taiwan have led to the development of a low carbon economy and a new business model for operators in order to follow the result of NIPA and develop service marketing strategies.

Patents and related statistics are the indicators of technological progress. There have been controversial discussions about the value of patents as an indicator of technological advancement. Patent research has been conducted for research and development to develop the core framework of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. This study was conducted to classify the patents in terms of technology-assisted instruction using the Patent Co-citation Analysis (PCA) method and factor analysis. For the analysis, education, demonstration, rendition, instructional aids, instructional equipment, teaching aids, and didactic materials were chosen as keywords to construct a citation relationship network of patents and to classify core patent issues. The study results showed that 225 patents were cited more than 25 times. They were classified into 11 categories. The result provided information on the development and application of technology-assisted education to develop teaching tools further.