Background: The field of smart devices and physical activity is evolving rapidly, with a wide range of devices measuring a wide range of parameters. Scientific articles look at very different populations in terms of the impact of smart devices but do not take into account which characteristics of the devices are important for the group and which may influence the effectiveness of the device. In our study, we aimed to analyse articles about the impact of smart devices on physical activity and identify the characteristics of different target groups. Methods: Queries were run on two major databases (PubMed and Web of Science) between 2017 and 2024. Duplicates were filtered out, and according to a few main criteria, inappropriate studies were excluded so that 37 relevant articles were included in a more detailed analysis. Results: Four main target groups were identified: healthy individuals, people with chronic diseases, elderly people, and competitive athletes. We identified the essential attributes of smart devices by target groups. For the elderly, an easy-to-use application is needed. In the case of women, children, and elderly people, gamification can be used well, but for athletes, specific measurement tools and accuracy may have paramount importance. For most groups, regular text messages or notifications are important. Conclusions: The use of smart devices can have a positive impact on physical activity, but the context and target group must be taken into account to achieve effectiveness.

The health status of Hungary’s population is unfavorable, with significant differences in health indicators not only compared to the EU15 but also to the Visegrad countries. Unfavorable health indicators can be disproportionate and particularly affect vulnerable groups, such as people with disabilities. In this study, we set out to compare the health behavior of disabled youth and youth with typical development in Hungary. We also aimed to compare the health behavior of adolescents in the Visegrad countries. The eating habits of both groups of young people we examined are unfavorable. Adolescents with disabilities experience a significantly higher rate of school stress than children with typical development in Hungary. The prevalence of somatic complaints and parameters of poor mental well-being are significantly higher in Hungary than in the other Visegrad countries. The results indicate that additional interventions are needed in Hungary and that differentiated, professional health promotion is needed for young people with disabilities. The researchers recommend extending the study to disabled adolescents living in Visegrad countries, on the basis of which an injury-specific health promotion methodology could be developed with international interprofessional cooperation.

Introduction: With the increase of life expectancy, the issue of quality of life (QoL) for the elderly is getting more focus. Beside the individual view, social and economic aspects are becoming more pronounced. Aims: In this study, we set out to establish a new classification of long-term care (LTC) regimes by examining the relationship between care systems and subjective quality of life. Methods: Our work was based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe through a secondary analysis of CASP-12 results. It was assumed that higher quality of life values could be observed in countries providing a higher standard of social care. We studied the background variables in different LTC regimes. Results: The data shows that the development and availability of care systems have a significant indirect correlation with older people’s subjective well-being. Our results raise the possibility of a new subdivision of care regimes. Conclusions: Those countries featured earlier as family-based systems and Central-Eastern European countries were growing closer to each other in this classification. As our statistical method proved, family-based and Central-Eastern European regimes are not significantly different (Minimisers). Northern countries, where investment and quality of life are also high, remain highly positioned on the scale (Maximisers). Countries that have medium-level investments and subjective well-being parameters place in the middle of the scale (Optimisers). Global changes (climate, migration, political culture, technology) are expected to have an effect on social care regimes, especially on Minimisers, where the realization or failure of investments is a critical question.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic liver disease linked to obesity and diabetes. This study aimed to assess whether serum GOT and GPT can predict NAFLD early in at-risk individuals. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using hospital records from the University of Debrecen (2012–2022), including 4886 NAFLD-free individuals at baseline. NAFLD incidence was tracked using ICD-10 codes, with transaminase levels (GOT and GPT) and key metabolic comorbidities analyzed as predictors in a longitudinal design. Survival analysis included Fleming–Harrington tests, Kaplan–Meier, and Nelson–Aalen estimators as well as restricted mean survival time. The Royston–Parmar flexible parametric model was used to assess the time-dependent effects of GOT, GPT, and metabolic risk factors on NAFLD incidence. An elevated GOT was significantly associated with an increased NAFLD hazard (HR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.31–5.58), as was an elevated GPT (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.09–4.43). Disorders of lipid metabolism showed the strongest association (HR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.51–7.25). Elevated GOT and GPT levels, in combination with demographic and clinical factors, may serve as valuable prognostic biomarkers for NAFLD progression, underscoring the importance of routine liver enzyme monitoring and comprehensive metabolic management to improve long-term patient outcomes.