The heavy metal burden on natural freshwater ecosystems is uninterruptedly increasing, which could affect their biodiversity, particularly regarding avian species. Three river barrages were selected for the sampling of water birds from autumn 2021 to spring 2022. Seven heavy metals—nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and manganese (Mn)—were estimated in the hearts and livers of Fulica atra (Common Coot), Anas strepera (Gad-wall), and Anas crecca (Eurasian Teal) (Linnaeus, 1758) by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations of metals were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) different among the sam-pling sites, species, and tissues. In the livers of F. atra and A. strepera, respectively, the highest mean concentration among the metals belonged to Zn (521 µg/g), and the lowest belonged to Cd (0.17 µg/g). The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Co were highest in A. strepera heart samples. However, the concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Mn were found to be highest in the livers of F. atra. A comparison between both tissues indicated that the concentration of Ni is significantly (p < 0.05) higher (except for F. atra from Trimmu barrage) in the livers of water birds and that the concentration of Cd is significantly higher in the hearts of water birds. The mean metal concentrations were higher than the background limits reported in various studies, suggesting that the wintering water birds of Pakistan are under a significant load of heavy metal pollution. Histopathological analysis suggested that the observed heavy metals altered the normal histologies of hearts and livers of Fulica atra (Common Coot), Anas strepera (Gadwall), and Anas crecca (Eurasian Teal) sampled from three wetlands of Punjab Pakistan.

While wild birds contribute significantly to our ecosystem, they also act as carriers for various zoonotic diseases affecting humans. These diseases are often transmitted through international and local migrations, direct contact, and water sources, as well as through droppings and the excretion of spores in their feces. Over time, they present significant risks to the health of humans and animals by serving as carriers and hosts for new strains of pathogens. This review emphasizes the significant zoonotic diseases caused by birds, which include bacterial infections. These pose substantial health risks to both humans and animals. The review delves into their epidemiology and clinical manifestations. Of utmost significance, it underscores the pivotal function of birds as both distributors and reservoirs of potentially significant zoonotic diseases.

Aim of the Study: Drawing on Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) and Conservation of Resources (COR) theories, this study examines whether digital work overload management practices (DWOMP) enhance employee well-being through the sequential mediation of perceived workload management, psychological detachment, and work–life balance, and whether digital mindfulness and managerial empathy act as boundary conditions. Methodology: A time-lagged two-wave survey design with a four-week interval was used. Full-time employees of digitally intensive organizations in Lahore, Pakistan, were selected through purposive sampling, yielding 385 matched responses. DWOMP was modelled as a reflective–reflective higher-order construct, and the hypotheses were tested with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4.0 using bootstrapping. Findings: DWOMP positively predicted perceived workload management (β = .526), psychological detachment (β = .255), and work–life balance (β = .126). Perceived workload management, psychological detachment, and work–life balance sequentially mediated the effect of DWOMP on employee well-being (β = .039, p < .001), and the model explained 68.9% of the variance in well-being. Managerial empathy strengthened the relationship between psychological detachment and work–life balance (β = .069, p = .024) but did not moderate the balance–well-being link, while digital mindfulness did not moderate any of the examined paths. Conclusion: DWOMP operate as organizational resources that initiate a resource-gain sequence from workload appraisal to recovery, balance, and well-being. Empathic supervision matters mainly at the transition from recovery to balance. Organizations should combine structural workload practices with supportive supervision, thereby advancing Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth).

Background: Air pollution is a major health hazard and one of most crucial environmental aspects which cause mass mortality of population. Workers in different factories often directly exposed to particulate matter which can initiate respiratory related problems which may steer to incidence of cancer. Materials and Methods: Various particulate matter (PM) fractions and gaseous emissions were monitored in indoor environments of different industries using DRX Aerosol Monitor. Parallel monitoring of PM2.5 was performed in outdoor air by using TSI DUSTTRAK. Besides, analyses of indoor environment of different industrial units for volatile organic carbon (VOC’s), temperature, relative humidity, gaseous emissions (CO, CH4, O3, and NO2) was done by using Aeroqual. Results: The levels of particulate matter (PM) of all fractions and other criteria pollutant gases were significantly higher in all manufacturing units compared with recommended permissible WHO limits. Furthermore, PM2.5 levels were significantly higher in outdoor environment as compared to indoor workplaces at all monitored sites. Conclusion: There is a dire need to consider these high levels of PM and other gaseous emissions and take some serious steps to control this ever-increasing problem.