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Dr. Clémence Gatti
Institut Louis Malardé

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0 Epidemiology
0 Biomedical
0 marine biotoxins
0 Surveillance systems
0 Ciguatera Poisoning

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Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Toxins
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Ciguatera poisoning (CP) results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). This disease is highly prevalent in French Polynesia with several well-identified hotspots. Rapa Island, the southernmost inhabited island in the country, was reportedly free of CP until 2007. This study describes the integrated approach used to investigate the etiology of a fatal mass-poisoning outbreak that occurred in Rapa in 2009. Symptoms reported in patients were evocative of ciguatera. Several Gambierdiscus field samples collected from benthic assemblages tested positive by the receptor binding assay (RBA). Additionally, the toxicity screening of ≈250 fish by RBA indicated ≈78% of fish could contain CTXs. The presence of CTXs in fish was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The potential link between climate change and this range expansion of ciguatera to a subtropical locale of French Polynesia was also examined based on the analysis of temperature time-series data. Results are indicative of a global warming trend in Rapa area. A five-fold reduction in incidence rates was observed between 2009 and 2012, which was due in part to self-regulating behavior among individuals (avoidance of particular fish species and areas). Such observations underscore the prominent role played by community outreach in ciguatera risk management.

ACS Style

Mireille Chinain; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; André Ung; Philippe Cruchet; Taina Revel; Jérôme Viallon; Manoëlla Sibat; Patrick Varney; Victoire Laurent; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins 2020, 12, 759 .

AMA Style

Mireille Chinain, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, André Ung, Philippe Cruchet, Taina Revel, Jérôme Viallon, Manoëlla Sibat, Patrick Varney, Victoire Laurent, Philipp Hess, Hélène Taiana Darius. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins. 2020; 12 (12):759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mireille Chinain; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; André Ung; Philippe Cruchet; Taina Revel; Jérôme Viallon; Manoëlla Sibat; Patrick Varney; Victoire Laurent; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius. 2020. "Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago)." Toxins 12, no. 12: 759.

Review
Published: 22 September 2020 in Harmful Algae
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Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is the most prevalent, phycotoxin related seafood poisoning across the globe, affecting between 10,000 and 50,000 people annually. This illness results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with lipid soluble toxins known as ciguatoxins (CTXs) that are produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The present work reviews the global occurrence of CP events and outbreaks, based on both scientific and gray literature. Ciguatera prevalence is significantly underestimated due to a lack of recognition of ciguatera symptoms, limited collection of epidemiological data on a global level, and reticence to report ciguatera in CP-endemic regions. Analysis of the time-series data available for a limited number of countries indicates the highest incidence rates are consistently reported from two historical CP-endemic areas i.e., the Pacific and Caribbean regions, a situation due in part to the strong reliance of local communities on marine resources. Ciguatera-related fatalities are rare (<0.1% of reported cases). The vast majority of outbreaks involve carnivorous fish including snappers, groupers, wrasses, and barracudas. Since 2000, an expansion of the geographical range of CP has been observed in several areas like Macaronesia and east and southeast Asia. In some of these locales, random surveys confirmed the presence of CTXs in locally sourced fish, consistent with the concurrent report of novel CP incidents (e.g., Canary Islands, Madeira, Selvagens Islands, New South Wales). One characteristic of outbreaks occurring in Asia is that they often present as large disease clusters due to group consumption of a single contaminated fish. Similar observations are reported from the Indian Ocean in the form of shark poisoning outbreaks which often lead to singular types of CP characterized by a high fatality rate. Other atypical forms of CP linked to the consumption of marine invertebrates also have been documented recently. Owing to the significant health, socioeconomic and socio-cultural impacts of ciguatera, there is an urgent need for increased, standardized, coordinated efforts in ciguatera education, monitoring and research programs. Several regional and international initiatives have emerged recently, that may help improve patients' care, data collection at a global scale, and risk monitoring and management capabilities in countries most vulnerable to CP's toxic threat.

ACS Style

M. Chinain; C.M.I. Gatti; H.T. Darius; J.-P. Quod; P.A. Tester. Ciguatera poisonings: A global review of occurrences and trends. Harmful Algae 2020, 102, 101873 .

AMA Style

M. Chinain, C.M.I. Gatti, H.T. Darius, J.-P. Quod, P.A. Tester. Ciguatera poisonings: A global review of occurrences and trends. Harmful Algae. 2020; 102 ():101873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Chinain; C.M.I. Gatti; H.T. Darius; J.-P. Quod; P.A. Tester. 2020. "Ciguatera poisonings: A global review of occurrences and trends." Harmful Algae 102, no. : 101873.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Harmful Algae
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Among dinoflagellates responsible for benthic harmful algal blooms, the genus Ostreopsis primarily described from tropical areas has been increasingly reported from subtropical and temperate areas worldwide. Several species of this toxigenic genus produce analogs of palytoxin, thus representing a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several species needs to be clarified as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading in some cases to ambiguous interpretations and misidentifications. The present study aims at reporting a benthic bloom that occurred in April 2019 in Tahiti island, French Polynesia. A complete taxonomic investigation of the blooming Ostreopsis species was realized using light, epifluorescence and field emission electron microscopy and phylogenetic analyses inferred from LSU rDNA and ITS–5.8S rDNA regions. Toxicity of a natural sample and strains isolated from the bloom was assessed using both neuroblastoma cell-based assay and LC-MS/MS analyses. Morphological observations showed that cells were round to oval, large, 58.0–82.5 µm deep (dorso-ventral length) and 45.7–61.2 µm wide. The cingulum was conspicuously undulated, forming a ‘V’ in ventral view. Thecal plates possessed large pores in depressions, with a collar rim. Detailed observation also revealed the presence of small thecal pores invisible in LM. Phylogenetic analyses were congruent and all sequences clustered within the genotype Ostreopsis sp. 6, in a subclade closely related to sequences from the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia. No toxicity was found on the field sample but all the strains isolated from the bloom were found to be cytotoxic and produced ostreocin D, a lower amount of ostreocins A and B and putatively other compounds. Phylogenetic data demonstrate the presence of this species in the Gulf of Thailand, at the type locality of O. siamensis, and morphological data are congruent with the original description and support this identification.

ACS Style

Nicolas Chomérat; Gwenael Bilien; Jérôme Viallon; Fabienne Herve; Damien Réveillon; Kévin Henry; Mayalen Zubia; Christophe Vieira; André Ung; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mélanie Roué; Amélie Derrien; Zouher Amzil; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain. Taxonomy and toxicity of a bloom-forming Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in Tahiti island (South Pacific Ocean): one step further towards resolving the identity of O. siamensis. Harmful Algae 2020, 98, 101888 .

AMA Style

Nicolas Chomérat, Gwenael Bilien, Jérôme Viallon, Fabienne Herve, Damien Réveillon, Kévin Henry, Mayalen Zubia, Christophe Vieira, André Ung, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mélanie Roué, Amélie Derrien, Zouher Amzil, Hélène Taiana Darius, Mireille Chinain. Taxonomy and toxicity of a bloom-forming Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in Tahiti island (South Pacific Ocean): one step further towards resolving the identity of O. siamensis. Harmful Algae. 2020; 98 ():101888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolas Chomérat; Gwenael Bilien; Jérôme Viallon; Fabienne Herve; Damien Réveillon; Kévin Henry; Mayalen Zubia; Christophe Vieira; André Ung; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mélanie Roué; Amélie Derrien; Zouher Amzil; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain. 2020. "Taxonomy and toxicity of a bloom-forming Ostreopsis species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) in Tahiti island (South Pacific Ocean): one step further towards resolving the identity of O. siamensis." Harmful Algae 98, no. : 101888.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Toxicon
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Ciguatera poisoning (CP), arising from ciguatoxins produced by toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus, is one of the most common food-borne diseases in the South Pacific. Climate change as well as its related events have been hypothesized to a higher abundance and wider presence of toxic dinoflagellates, hence a higher risk of the disease. Yet existing studies assessing the relationship between climate factors and CP are limited or based on old data. In this study, we used prewhitened cross-correlation analysis and auto-regressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) modeling to develop predictive models of monthly CP incidence in Cook Islands and French Polynesia, two ciguatera-endemic regions in the South Pacific, utilizing the latest epidemiological data. Results reveal the significant time-lagged associations between the monthly CP incidence rate and several indicators relating to sea surface temperature (SST). In particular, SST anomaly is proven to be a strong positive predictor of an increased ciguatera incidence for both countries. If these time-lags can be supported by more investigations, it will allow health authorities to take appropriate actions, to limit or avoid an epidemic risk, especially on high-risk climate scenarios.

ACS Style

Lingfeng Zheng; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Esther Garrido Gamarro; Aya Suzuki; Heng Yi Teah. Modeling the time-lag effect of sea surface temperatures on ciguatera poisoning in the South Pacific: Implications for surveillance and response. Toxicon 2020, 182, 21 -29.

AMA Style

Lingfeng Zheng, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Esther Garrido Gamarro, Aya Suzuki, Heng Yi Teah. Modeling the time-lag effect of sea surface temperatures on ciguatera poisoning in the South Pacific: Implications for surveillance and response. Toxicon. 2020; 182 ():21-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingfeng Zheng; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Esther Garrido Gamarro; Aya Suzuki; Heng Yi Teah. 2020. "Modeling the time-lag effect of sea surface temperatures on ciguatera poisoning in the South Pacific: Implications for surveillance and response." Toxicon 182, no. : 21-29.

Review article
Published: 07 June 2019 in New Microbes and New Infections
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Ciguatera is a non-bacterial seafood poisoning highly prevalent in French Polynesia where it constitutes a major health issue and a major threat to food sustainability and food security for local populations. Ciguatera results from the bioaccumulation in marine food webs of toxins known as ciguatoxins, originating from benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Ciguatera is characterized by a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiovascular symptoms. The effective management of patients is significantly hampered by the occurrence of atypical forms and/or chronic sequelae in some patients, and the lack of both a confirmatory diagnosis test and a specific antidote. In addition, recent findings have outlined the implication of novel species of the causative organisms as well as new vectors, namely marine invertebrates, in ciguatera outbreaks. Another novel trend relates to the geographical expansion of this disease to previously unaffected areas, not only in certain island groups of French Polynesia but also in temperate regions worldwide, as a likely consequence of the effects of climate change.

ACS Style

M. Chinain; C.M. Gatti; M. Roué; H.T. Darius. Ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia: insights into the novel trends of an ancient disease. New Microbes and New Infections 2019, 31, 100565 .

AMA Style

M. Chinain, C.M. Gatti, M. Roué, H.T. Darius. Ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia: insights into the novel trends of an ancient disease. New Microbes and New Infections. 2019; 31 ():100565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Chinain; C.M. Gatti; M. Roué; H.T. Darius. 2019. "Ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia: insights into the novel trends of an ancient disease." New Microbes and New Infections 31, no. : 100565.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2019 in Harmful Algae
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To date, the genus Ostreopsis comprises eleven described species, of which seven are toxigenic and produce various compounds presenting a major threat to human and environmental health. The taxonomy of several of these species however remains controversial, as it was based mostly on morphological descriptions leading, in some cases, to ambiguous interpretations and even possible misidentifications. The species Ostreopsis lenticularis was first described by Y. Fukuyo from French Polynesia using light microscopy observations, but without genetic information associated. The present study aims at revisiting the morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity of O. lenticularis based on the analysis of 47 strains isolated from 4 distinct locales of French Polynesia, namely the Society, Australes, Marquesas and Gambier archipelagos. Observations in light, epifluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy of several of these strains analyzed revealed morphological features in perfect agreement with the original description of O. lenticularis. Cells were oval, not undulated, 60.5–94.4 μm in dorso-ventral length, 56.1–78.2 μm in width, and possessed a typical plate pattern with thecal plates showing two sizes of pores. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the LSU rDNA and ITS–5.8S sequences revealed that the 47 strains correspond to a single genotype, clustering with a strong support with sequences previously ascribed to Ostreopsis sp. 5. Clonal cultures of O. lenticularis were also established and further tested for their toxicity using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay and LCMS/MS analyses. None of the 19 strains tested showed toxic activity on neuroblastoma cells, while LCMS/MS analyses performed on the strains from Tahiti Island (i.e. type locality) confirmed that palytoxin and related structural analogs were below the detection limit. These findings allow to clarify unambiguously the genetic identity of O. lenticularis while confirming previous results from the Western Pacific which indicate that this species shows no toxicity, thus stressing the need to reconsider its current classification within the group of toxic species.

ACS Style

Nicolas Chomérat; Gwenael Bilien; Amélie Derrien; Kévin Henry; André Ung; Jérôme Viallon; Hélène Taiana Darius; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mélanie Roué; Fabienne Herve; Damien Réveillon; Zouher Amzil; Mireille Chinain. Ostreopsis lenticularis Y. Fukuyo (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) from French Polynesia (South Pacific Ocean): A revisit of its morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity. Harmful Algae 2019, 84, 95 -111.

AMA Style

Nicolas Chomérat, Gwenael Bilien, Amélie Derrien, Kévin Henry, André Ung, Jérôme Viallon, Hélène Taiana Darius, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mélanie Roué, Fabienne Herve, Damien Réveillon, Zouher Amzil, Mireille Chinain. Ostreopsis lenticularis Y. Fukuyo (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) from French Polynesia (South Pacific Ocean): A revisit of its morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity. Harmful Algae. 2019; 84 ():95-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolas Chomérat; Gwenael Bilien; Amélie Derrien; Kévin Henry; André Ung; Jérôme Viallon; Hélène Taiana Darius; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mélanie Roué; Fabienne Herve; Damien Réveillon; Zouher Amzil; Mireille Chinain. 2019. "Ostreopsis lenticularis Y. Fukuyo (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) from French Polynesia (South Pacific Ocean): A revisit of its morphology, molecular phylogeny and toxicity." Harmful Algae 84, no. : 95-111.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2018 in Marine Drugs
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The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoids) is a source of protein for many islanders in the Indo-West Pacific. It was previously reported to occasionally cause ciguatera-like poisoning; however, the exact nature of the causative agent was not confirmed. In April and July 2015, ciguatera poisonings were reported following the consumption of T. gratilla in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia). Patient symptomatology was recorded and sea urchin samples were collected from Anaho Bay in July 2015 and November 2016. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell–based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in T. gratilla samples. Gambierdiscus species were predominant in the benthic assemblages of Anaho Bay, and G. polynesiensis was highly prevalent in in vitro cultures according to qPCR results. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major ciguatoxin congener in toxic sea urchin samples, followed by 51-OH-P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A, and P-CTX-4B. Between July 2015 and November 2016, the toxin content in T. gratilla decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit allowed for human consumption. This study provides evidence of CTX bioaccumulation in T. gratilla as a cause of ciguatera-like poisoning associated with a documented symptomatology.

ACS Style

Hélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Marine Drugs 2018, 16, 122 .

AMA Style

Hélène Taiana Darius, Mélanie Roué, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mark W. Vandersea, Patricia A. Tester, R. Wayne Litaker, Zouher Amzil, Philipp Hess, Mireille Chinain. Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Marine Drugs. 2018; 16 (4):122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. 2018. "Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins." Marine Drugs 16, no. 4: 122.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2018 in Toxins
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Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is the most prevalent non-bacterial food-borne form of poisoning in French Polynesia, which results from the consumption of coral reef fish naturally contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Since the early 2000s, this French territory has also witnessed the emergence of atypical forms of ciguatera, known as ciguatera shellfish poisoning (CSP), associated with the consumption of marine invertebrates. In June 2014, nine tourists simultaneously developed a major and persistent poisoning syndrome following the consumption of the gastropod Tectus niloticus collected in Anaho, a secluded bay of Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas Archipelago, French Polynesia). The unusual nature and severity of this event prompted a multidisciplinary investigation in order to characterize the etiology and document the short/long-term health consequences of this mass-poisoning event. This paper presents the results of clinical investigations based on hospital medical records, medical follow-up conducted six and 20 months post-poisoning, including a case description. This study is the first to describe the medical signature of T. niloticus poisoning in French Polynesia and contributed to alerting local authorities about the potential health hazards associated with the consumption of this gastropod, which is highly prized by local communities in Pacific island countries and territories.

ACS Style

Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Davide Lonati; Hélène Taiana Darius; Arturo Zancan; Mélanie Roué; Azzurra Schicchi; Carlo Alessandro Locatelli; Mireille Chinain. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Clinical Characterization and Follow-Up of a Mass Poisoning Event in Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins 2018, 10, 102 .

AMA Style

Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Davide Lonati, Hélène Taiana Darius, Arturo Zancan, Mélanie Roué, Azzurra Schicchi, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Mireille Chinain. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Clinical Characterization and Follow-Up of a Mass Poisoning Event in Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins. 2018; 10 (3):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Davide Lonati; Hélène Taiana Darius; Arturo Zancan; Mélanie Roué; Azzurra Schicchi; Carlo Alessandro Locatelli; Mireille Chinain. 2018. "Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Clinical Characterization and Follow-Up of a Mass Poisoning Event in Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia)." Toxins 10, no. 3: 102.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Harmful Algae
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Ciguatera fish poisoning is a food-borne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the Gambierdiscus genus. Since most surveillance programs currently rely on the survey of Gambierdiscus cell densities and species composition, supplementary toxin-based methods allowing the time- and spatially integrated sampling of toxins in ciguateric environments are needed for a more reliable assessment and management of the risks associated with Gambierdiscus proliferation. Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) filters use porous synthetic resins capable of adsorbing toxins directly from the water column. To assess the ability of these passive monitoring devices to retain Gambierdiscus toxins, SPATT bags filled with 10g of HP20 resin were deployed for 48h in two French Polynesian locations at high (Nuku Hiva Island) vs. low to moderate (Kaukura Atoll) risk of ciguatera. CTXs could be detected in SPATT bags extracts from Nuku Hiva Island, as assessed by the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) and liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Results of in vitro experiments suggest that the saturation limit of CTXs on HP20 resin, for a deployment time of 48h, is ≃ 55ng P-CTX-3C equiv. g resin. Despite the non detection of maitotoxin (MTX), LC-MS/MS analyses showed that two other compounds also produced by Gambierdiscus species were retained on SPATT bags, i.e. iso-P-CTX-3B/C and a putative MTX analogue, known as MTX-3. This study, the first to demonstrate the suitability of SPATT technology for the in situ monitoring of Gambierdiscus toxins, highlights the potential application of this tool for routine ciguatera risk assessment and management programs.

ACS Style

Mélanie Roué; Hélène Taiana Darius; Jérôme Viallon; André Ung; Clémence Gatti; D. Tim Harwood; Mireille Chinain. Application of solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices for the field detection of Gambierdiscus toxins. Harmful Algae 2018, 71, 40 -49.

AMA Style

Mélanie Roué, Hélène Taiana Darius, Jérôme Viallon, André Ung, Clémence Gatti, D. Tim Harwood, Mireille Chinain. Application of solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices for the field detection of Gambierdiscus toxins. Harmful Algae. 2018; 71 ():40-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mélanie Roué; Hélène Taiana Darius; Jérôme Viallon; André Ung; Clémence Gatti; D. Tim Harwood; Mireille Chinain. 2018. "Application of solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices for the field detection of Gambierdiscus toxins." Harmful Algae 71, no. : 40-49.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2017 in Toxins
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Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood (fish and marine invertebrates) contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. The report of a CFP-like mass-poisoning outbreak following the consumption of Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) from Anaho Bay on Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia) prompted field investigations to assess the presence of CTXs in T. niloticus. Samples were collected from Anaho Bay, 1, 6 and 28 months after this poisoning outbreak, as well as in Taiohae and Taipivai bays. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of CTXs only in Anaho Bay T. niloticus samples. This is consistent with qPCR results on window screen samples indicating the presence of Gambierdiscus communities dominated by the species G. polynesiensis in Anaho Bay. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major congener, followed by P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B in toxic samples. Between July 2014 and November 2016, toxin content in T. niloticus progressively decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit recommended for human consumption. This study confirms for the first time T. niloticus as a novel vector of CFP in French Polynesia.

ACS Style

Hélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins 2017, 10, 2 .

AMA Style

Hélène Taiana Darius, Mélanie Roué, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mark W. Vandersea, Patricia A. Tester, R. Wayne Litaker, Zouher Amzil, Philipp Hess, Mireille Chinain. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins. 2017; 10 (1):2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. 2017. "Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia)." Toxins 10, no. 1: 2.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2017 in Phycologia
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The poorly known dinoflagellate Sinophysis canaliculata, which was originally described from the Indian Ocean, was abundant in a collection from 2015 from Rapa Iti, a small, remote island of French Polynesia. Since the taxonomic description of this species was incomplete, a detailed morphological study was carried out. The theca was studied with epifluorescence microscopy using Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE500, a fluorescent dye specific to cellulose. This fluorophore was used successfully for the first time with a thecate dinoflagellate. It has the advantage of using blue excitation light and avoids the fading of fluorescence encountered with other dyes with long excitation time. Using this technique and high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy, the thecal plate pattern was clarified, and the epitheca had six major plates, 4E and 2A. A conspicuous apical pore was present on the left side of the epitheca. A smaller pore was located on the ventral left side of the apical pore. The apical plates A1 and A2 formed prominent projections which encircled and partly covered the pores. This thecal pattern agreed with the recent emended description of the genus. Two additional platelets, visible only from inside the cell, were possibly present in contact with the pores. In addition, the ‘canal' cut on the left hypothecal plate H2 had a slit at its base. Seen from the inside, the slit was actually a sieve-like area comprising several small pores with a diameter of 80–100 nm. We hypothesise that this novel structure functions in the extrusion of mucus threads.

ACS Style

Nicolas Chomérat; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Élisabeth Nézan; Mireille Chinain. Studies on the benthic genus Sinophysis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) II. S. canaliculata from Rapa Island (French Polynesia). Phycologia 2017, 56, 193 -203.

AMA Style

Nicolas Chomérat, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Élisabeth Nézan, Mireille Chinain. Studies on the benthic genus Sinophysis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) II. S. canaliculata from Rapa Island (French Polynesia). Phycologia. 2017; 56 (2):193-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicolas Chomérat; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Élisabeth Nézan; Mireille Chinain. 2017. "Studies on the benthic genus Sinophysis (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) II. S. canaliculata from Rapa Island (French Polynesia)." Phycologia 56, no. 2: 193-203.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Harmful Algae
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Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a non-bacterial seafood poisoning well characterized in the remote archipelagos of French Polynesia, yet poorly documented in the Society archipelago, most notably on Moorea, the second most populated island in French Polynesia, which counts a high proportion of fishermen fishing on a regular basis. To address this knowledge gap, a holistic study of the ciguatera issue was conducted on Moorea. First, ciguatera risk was analysed in terms of incidence rate, fish species most commonly involved and risk stratification in Moorea lagoon based on 2007-2013 epidemiological data. A mean incidence rate of 8 cases per 10,000 inhabitants for the study period and an average under-reporting rate of 54% were found. Taking into account hospitalization and medication fees, and loss of productive days, the health-related costs due to CFP were estimated to be USD $1613 and $749 for each reported and unreported case, respectively, with an overall cost of USD $241,847 for the study period. Comparison of the present status of CFP on Moorea with a risk map established in the late 1970's showed that the spatial distribution of the risk has stayed relatively stable in time, with the north shore of the island remaining the most prone to ciguatera. Evaluation of the current knowledge on CFP among different populations groups, i.e. fishermen, residents and visitors, was also conducted through direct and indirect interviews. About half of the fishermen interviewed were actually able to identify risky fishing areas. While, overall, the CFP risk perception in the fishing community of Moorea seemed accurate, although not scientifically complete, it was sufficient for the safe practice of their fishing activities. This may be due in part to adaptive responses adopted by 36% of the fishermen interviewed, such as the avoidance of either high-risk fishing sites or toxic species. At the residents and visitors' level, the study points out a striking lack of awareness of the CFP issue among visitors, as compared to local residents. Indeed, less than 25% of Moorea visitors vs. an average of 98% in residents were aware of CFP or of its presence on the island. Interestingly, evaluation of the fish consumption preferences showed that 70% of visitors do not consume lagoon fish during their stay, not for fear of CFP, but mainly due to the lack of availability of these species in recreational facilities or because they have nutritional preference for pelagic fish. This lack of awareness, along with the report by several CFP patients of the consumption of fish species yet banned for sale, stress the need for improved communication efforts on this critical issue among both residents and visitors on Moorea. The implementation of a public outreach strategy is proposed, based on both existing information networks and low-cost communication actions through information displays at various strategic locations, e.g. Tahiti-Faa'a international airport, the ferry boat station, recreational facilities, as well as the major trading points on Moorea Island.

ACS Style

Ewen Morin; Clémence Gatti; Tamatoa Bambridge; Mireille Chinain. Ciguatera fish poisoning: Incidence, health costs and risk perception on Moorea Island (Society archipelago, French Polynesia). Harmful Algae 2016, 60, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Ewen Morin, Clémence Gatti, Tamatoa Bambridge, Mireille Chinain. Ciguatera fish poisoning: Incidence, health costs and risk perception on Moorea Island (Society archipelago, French Polynesia). Harmful Algae. 2016; 60 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewen Morin; Clémence Gatti; Tamatoa Bambridge; Mireille Chinain. 2016. "Ciguatera fish poisoning: Incidence, health costs and risk perception on Moorea Island (Society archipelago, French Polynesia)." Harmful Algae 60, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Journal of Adolescent Health
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The prevalence of overweight/obesity among French Polynesian adolescents is alarming. This study aims to prevent rises in obesity by modifying school food and the physical environment of French Polynesian adolescents.

ACS Style

Clémence Gatti; Edouard Suhas; Suzanne Côté; Elhadji Anassour Laouan-Sidi; Éric Dewailly; Michel Lucas. Obesity and Metabolic Parameters in Adolescents: A School-Based Intervention Program in French Polynesia. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015, 56, 174 -180.

AMA Style

Clémence Gatti, Edouard Suhas, Suzanne Côté, Elhadji Anassour Laouan-Sidi, Éric Dewailly, Michel Lucas. Obesity and Metabolic Parameters in Adolescents: A School-Based Intervention Program in French Polynesia. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2015; 56 (2):174-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clémence Gatti; Edouard Suhas; Suzanne Côté; Elhadji Anassour Laouan-Sidi; Éric Dewailly; Michel Lucas. 2015. "Obesity and Metabolic Parameters in Adolescents: A School-Based Intervention Program in French Polynesia." Journal of Adolescent Health 56, no. 2: 174-180.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2014 in Revue Francophone des Laboratoires
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ACS Style

Mireille Chinain; Clémence Gatti; Mélanie Roué; Dominique Laurent; Hélène Taiana Darius. Ciguatéra : aspects écologiques, biologiques et toxicologiques. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2014, 2014, 27 -39.

AMA Style

Mireille Chinain, Clémence Gatti, Mélanie Roué, Dominique Laurent, Hélène Taiana Darius. Ciguatéra : aspects écologiques, biologiques et toxicologiques. Revue Francophone des Laboratoires. 2014; 2014 (460):27-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mireille Chinain; Clémence Gatti; Mélanie Roué; Dominique Laurent; Hélène Taiana Darius. 2014. "Ciguatéra : aspects écologiques, biologiques et toxicologiques." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2014, no. 460: 27-39.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2009 in Psychoneuroendocrinology
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In the experimental rat model of anorexia nervosa the interactions between the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and increased physical activity associated with food restriction remain unidentified. In addition to their role in energy homeostasis, glucocorticoids have complex effects in the central nervous system, increasing the salience of activities such as wheel running. The objective of the present study was to analyze the role of corticosterone (cort) on wheel activity in food-restricted rats. Lewis rats were adrenalectomized and replaced with pellets containing increasing amounts of cort that caused different steady-state plasma concentrations from low to high HPA activity. They were given free access to a running wheel and were fed ad libitum or food-restricted. We also investigated the acute effect of cort injection mimicking the prefeeding cort peak on prefeeding wheel activity. Wheel running induced by food restriction was nearly non-existent in adrenalectomized food-restricted rats and increased in a dose-related manner with cort replacement. An acute stimulation of activity was also expressed during the preprandial peak of cort, suppressed by adrenalectomy and experimentally restored by acute cort injection. No such effects of cort were found in ad libitum fed rats. Our data demonstrate that food restriction-induced hyperactivity is critically and quantitatively dependent upon cort, not only on the mean basal levels of the hormone but also on the secretory peak that accompanies the burst of preprandial activity. The present results have special relevance for the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa and other compulsive behaviors.

ACS Style

Martine Duclos; Clémence Gatti; Baptiste Bessière; Pierre Mormede. Tonic and phasic effects of corticosterone on food restriction-induced hyperactivity in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009, 34, 436 -445.

AMA Style

Martine Duclos, Clémence Gatti, Baptiste Bessière, Pierre Mormede. Tonic and phasic effects of corticosterone on food restriction-induced hyperactivity in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009; 34 (3):436-445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martine Duclos; Clémence Gatti; Baptiste Bessière; Pierre Mormede. 2009. "Tonic and phasic effects of corticosterone on food restriction-induced hyperactivity in rats." Psychoneuroendocrinology 34, no. 3: 436-445.

Case reports
Published: 30 April 2008 in Toxicon
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We present a retrospective study of 129 medical files concerning seafood poisonings (SFPs) registered at the central hospital of Tahiti (French Polynesia) between 1999 and 2005. Even if during that period most of the described cases (96%) concerned the ichtyosarcotoxism ciguatera, it is interesting to note that we also registered three other SFPs: tetrodotoxism, carchatoxism and lyngbyatoxism due to the consumption of tetraodon/diodon species, sharks or sea turtles, respectively. In ciguatera, cardiovascular symptoms were the primary criteria of severity with bradycardia and hypotension observed at 75% and 43%, respectively. Neurological manifestations (such as cerebellar syndrome, language troubles, diplopia or polyradiculoneuritis), trouble and/or loss of consciousness and dyspnoea were secondary criteria of severity. Body temperature was reported under 36.5 degrees C in 48 of 80 documented files. This observation, which has not previously been described in humans, may be related to possible central effects of the ingested toxin. The last remark concerns two extremely severe cases of ciguatera fish poisoning in which physicians had suspected an inflammatory neuropathy called the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Even if it is premature to conclude any correlation between the intoxication and the appearance of GBS, it is interesting to note that in both pathologies, morphological disturbances of nerve fibres have been reported.

ACS Style

C. Gatti; E. Oelher; A.M. Legrand. Severe seafood poisoning in French Polynesia: A retrospective analysis of 129 medical files. Toxicon 2008, 51, 746 -753.

AMA Style

C. Gatti, E. Oelher, A.M. Legrand. Severe seafood poisoning in French Polynesia: A retrospective analysis of 129 medical files. Toxicon. 2008; 51 (5):746-753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Gatti; E. Oelher; A.M. Legrand. 2008. "Severe seafood poisoning in French Polynesia: A retrospective analysis of 129 medical files." Toxicon 51, no. 5: 746-753.