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Ciguatera poisoning is a food intoxication associated with the consumption of fish or shellfish contaminated, through trophic transfer, with ciguatoxins (CTXs). In this study, we developed an experimental model to assess the trophic transfer of CTXs from herbivorous parrotfish, Chlorurus microrhinos, to carnivorous lionfish, Pterois volitans. During a 6-week period, juvenile lionfish were fed naturally contaminated parrotfish fillets at a daily dose of 0.11 or 0.035 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1, as measured by the radioligand-receptor binding assay (r-RBA) or neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a), respectively. During an additional 6-week depuration period, the remaining fish were fed a CTX-free diet. Using r-RBA, no CTXs were detectable in muscular tissues, whereas CTXs were measured in the livers of two out of nine fish sampled during exposure, and in four out of eight fish sampled during depuration. Timepoint pooled liver samples, as analyzed by CBA-N2a, confirmed the accumulation of CTXs in liver tissues, reaching 0.89 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1 after 41 days of exposure, followed by slow toxin elimination, with 0.37 ng CTX3C equiv. g−1 measured after the 6-week depuration. These preliminary results, which need to be pursued in adult lionfish, strengthen our knowledge on CTX transfer and kinetics along the food web.
Isabel Do Prado Leite; Khalil Sdiri; Angus Taylor; Jérôme Viallon; Hela Ben Gharbia; Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior; Peter Swarzenski; François Oberhaensli; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish. Toxins 2021, 13, 564 .
AMA StyleIsabel Do Prado Leite, Khalil Sdiri, Angus Taylor, Jérôme Viallon, Hela Ben Gharbia, Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior, Peter Swarzenski, François Oberhaensli, Hélène Taiana Darius, Mireille Chinain, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish. Toxins. 2021; 13 (8):564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Do Prado Leite; Khalil Sdiri; Angus Taylor; Jérôme Viallon; Hela Ben Gharbia; Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior; Peter Swarzenski; François Oberhaensli; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain; Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein. 2021. "Experimental Evidence of Ciguatoxin Accumulation and Depuration in Carnivorous Lionfish." Toxins 13, no. 8: 564.
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). This disease is highly prevalent in French Polynesia with several well-identified hotspots. Rapa Island, the southernmost inhabited island in the country, was reportedly free of CP until 2007. This study describes the integrated approach used to investigate the etiology of a fatal mass-poisoning outbreak that occurred in Rapa in 2009. Symptoms reported in patients were evocative of ciguatera. Several Gambierdiscus field samples collected from benthic assemblages tested positive by the receptor binding assay (RBA). Additionally, the toxicity screening of ≈250 fish by RBA indicated ≈78% of fish could contain CTXs. The presence of CTXs in fish was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The potential link between climate change and this range expansion of ciguatera to a subtropical locale of French Polynesia was also examined based on the analysis of temperature time-series data. Results are indicative of a global warming trend in Rapa area. A five-fold reduction in incidence rates was observed between 2009 and 2012, which was due in part to self-regulating behavior among individuals (avoidance of particular fish species and areas). Such observations underscore the prominent role played by community outreach in ciguatera risk management.
Mireille Chinain; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; André Ung; Philippe Cruchet; Taina Revel; Jérôme Viallon; Manoëlla Sibat; Patrick Varney; Victoire Laurent; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins 2020, 12, 759 .
AMA StyleMireille Chinain, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, André Ung, Philippe Cruchet, Taina Revel, Jérôme Viallon, Manoëlla Sibat, Patrick Varney, Victoire Laurent, Philipp Hess, Hélène Taiana Darius. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins. 2020; 12 (12):759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMireille Chinain; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; André Ung; Philippe Cruchet; Taina Revel; Jérôme Viallon; Manoëlla Sibat; Patrick Varney; Victoire Laurent; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius. 2020. "Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago)." Toxins 12, no. 12: 759.
Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates from the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The suitability of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for the monitoring of dissolved CTXs in the marine environment has recently been demonstrated. To refine the use of this passive monitoring tool in ciguateric areas, the effects of deployment time and sampler format on the adsorption of CTXs by HP20 resin were assessed in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia), a well-known ciguatera hotspot. Toxicity data assessed by means of the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) showed that a 24 h deployment of 2.5 g of resin allowed concentrating quantifiable amounts of CTXs on SPATT samplers. The CTX levels varied with increasing deployment time, resin load, and surface area. In addition to CTXs, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were also detected in SPATT extracts using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), consistent with the presence of Gambierdiscus and Prorocentrum species in the environment, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding analyses conducted on passive window screen (WS) artificial substrate samples. Although these preliminary findings await further confirmation in follow-up studies, they highlight the usefulness of SPATT samplers in the routine surveillance of CP risk on a temporal scale, and the monitoring of other phycotoxin-related risks in ciguatera-prone areas.
Mélanie Roué; Kirsty F. Smith; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Kévin Henry; André Ung; Laura Biessy; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain. Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers. Toxins 2020, 12, 321 .
AMA StyleMélanie Roué, Kirsty F. Smith, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Kévin Henry, André Ung, Laura Biessy, Philipp Hess, Hélène Taiana Darius, Mireille Chinain. Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers. Toxins. 2020; 12 (5):321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMélanie Roué; Kirsty F. Smith; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Kévin Henry; André Ung; Laura Biessy; Philipp Hess; Hélène Taiana Darius; Mireille Chinain. 2020. "Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers." Toxins 12, no. 5: 321.
The neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) is widely used for the detection of marine biotoxins in seafood products, yet a consensus protocol is still lacking. In this study, six key parameters of CBA-N2a were revisited: cell seeding densities, cell layer viability after 26 h growth, MTT incubation time, Ouabain and Veratridine treatment and solvent and matrix effects. A step-by-step protocol was defined identifying five viability controls for the validation of CBA-N2a results. Specific detection of two voltage gated sodium channel activators, pacific ciguatoxin (P-CTX3C) and brevetoxin (PbTx3) and two inhibitors, saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dc-STX) was achieved, with EC50 values of 1.7 ± 0.35 pg/mL, 5.8 ± 0.9 ng/mL, 3 ± 0.5 ng/mL and 15.8 ± 3 ng/mL, respectively. When applied to the detection of ciguatoxin (CTX)-like toxicity in fish samples, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.031 ± 0.008 and 0.064 ± 0.016 ng P-CTX3C eq/g of flesh, respectively. Intra and inter-assays comparisons of viability controls, LOD, LOQ and toxicity in fish samples gave coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 3% to 29%. This improved test adaptable to either high throughput screening or composite toxicity estimation is a useful starting point for a standardization of the CBA-N2a in the field of marine toxin detection.
Jérôme Viallon; Mireille Chinain; Hélène Taiana Darius. Revisiting the Neuroblastoma Cell-Based Assay (CBA-N2a) for the Improved Detection of Marine Toxins Active on Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs). Toxins 2020, 12, 281 .
AMA StyleJérôme Viallon, Mireille Chinain, Hélène Taiana Darius. Revisiting the Neuroblastoma Cell-Based Assay (CBA-N2a) for the Improved Detection of Marine Toxins Active on Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs). Toxins. 2020; 12 (5):281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJérôme Viallon; Mireille Chinain; Hélène Taiana Darius. 2020. "Revisiting the Neuroblastoma Cell-Based Assay (CBA-N2a) for the Improved Detection of Marine Toxins Active on Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs)." Toxins 12, no. 5: 281.
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The toxin production and toxin profiles were explored in four clones of G. polynesiensis originating from different islands in French Polynesia with contrasted CP risk: RIK7 (Mangareva, Gambier), NHA4 (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas), RAI-1 (Raivavae, Australes), and RG92 (Rangiroa, Tuamotu). Productions of CTXs, maitotoxins (MTXs), and gambierone group analogs were examined at exponential and stationary growth phases using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. While none of the strains was found to produce known MTX compounds, all strains showed high overall P-CTX production ranging from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.7 pg cell−1. In total, nine P-CTX analogs were detected, depending on strain and growth phase. The production of gambierone, as well as 44-methylgamberione, was also confirmed in G. polynesiensis. This study highlighted: (i) intraspecific variations in toxin production and profiles between clones from distinct geographic origins and (ii) the noticeable increase in toxin production of both CTXs, in particular CTX4A/B, and gambierone group analogs from the exponential to the stationary phase.
Sébastien Longo; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Hélène Taiana Darius; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. Intraspecific Variability in the Toxin Production and Toxin Profiles of In Vitro Cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) from French Polynesia. Toxins 2019, 11, 735 .
AMA StyleSébastien Longo, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Hélène Taiana Darius, Philipp Hess, Mireille Chinain. Intraspecific Variability in the Toxin Production and Toxin Profiles of In Vitro Cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) from French Polynesia. Toxins. 2019; 11 (12):735.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSébastien Longo; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Hélène Taiana Darius; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. 2019. "Intraspecific Variability in the Toxin Production and Toxin Profiles of In Vitro Cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) from French Polynesia." Toxins 11, no. 12: 735.
Ciguatera is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). Ciguatera-like poisoning events involving giant clams (Tridacna maxima) are reported occasionally from Pacific islands communities. The present study aimed at providing insights into CTXs tissue distribution and detoxification rate in giant clams exposed to toxic cells of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis, in the framework of seafood safety assessment. In a first experiment, three groups of tissue (viscera, flesh and mantle) were dissected from exposed individuals, and analyzed for their toxicity using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. The viscera, flesh, and mantle were shown to retain 65%, 25%, and 10% of the total toxin burden, respectively. All tissues reached levels above the safety limit recommended for human consumption, suggesting that evisceration alone, a practice widely used among local populations, is not enough to ensure seafood safety. In a second experiment, the toxin content in contaminated giant clams was followed at different time points (0, 2, 4, and 6 days post-exposure). Observations suggest that no toxin elimination is visible in T. maxima throughout 6 days of detoxification.
Mélanie Roué; Hélène Taiana Darius; André Ung; Jérôme Viallon; Manoella Sibat; Philipp Hess; Zouher Amzil; Mireille Chinain. Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Ciguatoxins in Tridacna maxima (Tridacnidae, Bivalvia) Fed Gambierdiscus polynesiensis. Toxins 2018, 10, 189 .
AMA StyleMélanie Roué, Hélène Taiana Darius, André Ung, Jérôme Viallon, Manoella Sibat, Philipp Hess, Zouher Amzil, Mireille Chinain. Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Ciguatoxins in Tridacna maxima (Tridacnidae, Bivalvia) Fed Gambierdiscus polynesiensis. Toxins. 2018; 10 (5):189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMélanie Roué; Hélène Taiana Darius; André Ung; Jérôme Viallon; Manoella Sibat; Philipp Hess; Zouher Amzil; Mireille Chinain. 2018. "Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Ciguatoxins in Tridacna maxima (Tridacnidae, Bivalvia) Fed Gambierdiscus polynesiensis." Toxins 10, no. 5: 189.
The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoids) is a source of protein for many islanders in the Indo-West Pacific. It was previously reported to occasionally cause ciguatera-like poisoning; however, the exact nature of the causative agent was not confirmed. In April and July 2015, ciguatera poisonings were reported following the consumption of T. gratilla in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia). Patient symptomatology was recorded and sea urchin samples were collected from Anaho Bay in July 2015 and November 2016. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell–based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in T. gratilla samples. Gambierdiscus species were predominant in the benthic assemblages of Anaho Bay, and G. polynesiensis was highly prevalent in in vitro cultures according to qPCR results. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major ciguatoxin congener in toxic sea urchin samples, followed by 51-OH-P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A, and P-CTX-4B. Between July 2015 and November 2016, the toxin content in T. gratilla decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit allowed for human consumption. This study provides evidence of CTX bioaccumulation in T. gratilla as a cause of ciguatera-like poisoning associated with a documented symptomatology.
Hélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Marine Drugs 2018, 16, 122 .
AMA StyleHélène Taiana Darius, Mélanie Roué, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mark W. Vandersea, Patricia A. Tester, R. Wayne Litaker, Zouher Amzil, Philipp Hess, Mireille Chinain. Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins. Marine Drugs. 2018; 16 (4):122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. 2018. "Toxicological Investigations on the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Toxopneustidae, Echinoid) from Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia): Evidence for the Presence of Pacific Ciguatoxins." Marine Drugs 16, no. 4: 122.
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood (fish and marine invertebrates) contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. The report of a CFP-like mass-poisoning outbreak following the consumption of Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) from Anaho Bay on Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia) prompted field investigations to assess the presence of CTXs in T. niloticus. Samples were collected from Anaho Bay, 1, 6 and 28 months after this poisoning outbreak, as well as in Taiohae and Taipivai bays. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of CTXs only in Anaho Bay T. niloticus samples. This is consistent with qPCR results on window screen samples indicating the presence of Gambierdiscus communities dominated by the species G. polynesiensis in Anaho Bay. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major congener, followed by P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B in toxic samples. Between July 2014 and November 2016, toxin content in T. niloticus progressively decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit recommended for human consumption. This study confirms for the first time T. niloticus as a novel vector of CFP in French Polynesia.
Hélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins 2017, 10, 2 .
AMA StyleHélène Taiana Darius, Mélanie Roué, Manoella Sibat, Jérôme Viallon, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Mark W. Vandersea, Patricia A. Tester, R. Wayne Litaker, Zouher Amzil, Philipp Hess, Mireille Chinain. Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia). Toxins. 2017; 10 (1):2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHélène Taiana Darius; Mélanie Roué; Manoella Sibat; Jérôme Viallon; Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti; Mark W. Vandersea; Patricia A. Tester; R. Wayne Litaker; Zouher Amzil; Philipp Hess; Mireille Chinain. 2017. "Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia)." Toxins 10, no. 1: 2.