This systematic review aims to explore the relationship between chronic inflammation of periodontal disease and neurodegenerative disorders (especially Parkinson's disease), focusing primarily on pathophysiological, clinical and immunological aspects. An exhaustive search on this topic was performed in several databases (including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) selecting articles published between 2006 and 2023. After reviewing the titles, abstracts and protocols of each study, 13 articles were extracted for detailed assessment. The main indicators in the study included clinical signs of gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing (BoP), bone loss (BL), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Additionally, levels of inflammatory markers such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were monitored. The investigation also explored the presence of one of the main periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis) in the microbiota of Parkinson's disease patients. In conclusion, the data presented further support the intricated relationship between periodontal health and neurodegenerative processes, including aspects related to changes in clinical periodontal indices, immunological indices, as well as oral hygiene and patient medication.

This study investigates the relationship between periodontal disease and vitamin D deficiency by correlating clinical periodontal parameters with serum levels of vitamin D; (2) Methods: Data from the literature and the periodontal status of two patients diagnosed with both periodontal disease and vitamin D deficiency were evaluated. Clinical parameters were measured, including plaque index, bleeding on probing, and bone resorption (%). Serum levels of vitamin D were also analyzed. Additionally, the patients underwent initial periodontal treatment to improve the periodontal status; (3) Results: Both patients exhibited advanced periodontal disease with elevated clinical parameters and significant bone resorption. Serum levels of vitamin D were below normal; (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and periodontal disease severity. Low serum levels of vitamin D may exacerbate periodontal tissue destruction and bone resorption. Early detection and management of vitamin D deficiency could play a crucial role in preventing and treating periodontal disease.

Treatments in dentistry currently consist of an interdisciplinary approach, including (but not necessarily limited to) the holistic perspective. The different fields of allopathic and complementary medicine are used together to ensure not only a high-quality restorative treatment, but also to provide patients with psychological and emotional support. This perspective also applies to dental anxiety, which consists of complex (emotional, vegetative and psychomotor) manifestations. One of the most well-known complementary therapies for reducing dental fear and anxiety is BachTM Flower Therapy. Even if the mechanism of action of this therapy is not yet scientifically documented, notable results have been and continue to be reported in the literature in several clinical studies on patients with dental diseases. It is indicated for both adults and children, in the latter when they go through major biological changes, such as primary and permanent dentition. As a conclusion, BachTM flower therapy is effective and complementary to dental treatments applied to patients, by reducing stress, anxiety, as well as creating a climate of peace, trust and confidence, both for the patient and the doctor. In addition, it is a relatively accessible and cheap form of care, with no significant adverse effects noted so far.

(1) Background: Hyperuricemia and periodontal disease are interconnected through shared inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and microbiome alterations. Both conditions involve chronic inflammation with uric acid contributing to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress that can exacerbate gum disease. Studies suggest that hyperuricemia may alter the oral microbiome, increasing the risk of periodontal infections. In addition, gout, a condition linked to chronic hyperuricemia, is associated with a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. (2) Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between hyperuricemia and periodontal disease, focusing on their inflammatory and microbial pathways. By integrating the literature data, the research attempts to better understand the potential role of gout as a risk factor for periodontal disease. (3) Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PICOS framework, including studies that evaluated the association between gout and periodontal disease. (4) Results: The review highlighted a consistent association between gout and increased periodontal inflammation, which was likely driven by shared inflammatory mediators. (5) Conclusions: The effective management of periodontal disease in patients with gout requires supportive oral hygiene practices, lifestyle changes/control of uric acid levels through diet, as well as specific therapy to reduce inflammation and microbial pathogens to reduce disease severity.

Periodontal disease is a chronic pathology, resulting from the action of microbial communities that become dysbiotic, accompanied by immune response impairment in periodontal tissues, leading to an inflammatory process that promotes progressive tissue destruction. Abnormal activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD-), leucine-rich repeat (LRR-), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) promotes chronic inflammation. Research shows that leptin and oxidative stress (OS) are involved in the activation of the inflammatory pathways, including the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this context, the main objective of our study was to determine the levels of the NLRP3, leptin, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the saliva of patients with periodontal disease. The present cross-sectional study included 44 patients with periodontitis, while the control group was represented by 19 clinically and biologically healthy adults. Saliva samples were collected from all participants in the study, and salivary levels of NLRP3, leptin, and TAC were determined using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and commercial kits. The results show that NLRP3 had statistically significantly increased levels in the study group versus the control group (p 0.00001). Although TAC was also increased in the patients compared to the healthy subjects (p=0.491), no statistically significant differences were found. On the other hand, leptin levels were significantly lower in periodontitis patients compared to the control group (p 0.00001). The results obtained in the present study are promising, but further studies are needed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying periodontal disease.

Background/Objectives: Endo-periodontal lesions (EPLs) represent complex pathological entities involving both periodontal and pulpal tissues, often implying diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between periodontal disease staging and grading and EPL subtype. The aim is to evaluate the clinical and statistical distribution of endo-periodontal lesions and investigate their association with periodontal stage and grade according to the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) classification. Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. Among 884 examined patients, 31 of them were diagnosed with EPLs and included in the analysis. Demographic variables, systemic conditions, affected tooth type, EFP stage and grade, and EPL type according to the Foce classification were recorded. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact test and univariable and multivariable binomial logistic regression models. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.55 ± 9.42 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Most patients presented Stage III periodontitis (54.8%), Grade B periodontitis (71%), and EPL 3 (58.1%). Pluriradicular teeth were the most frequently affected (64.5%). The only statistically significant association identified was between EFP grading and EPL classification (p = 0.001). Grade B patients were significantly more likely to present EPL 3 than Grade C patients. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that Grade B was a strong predictor of EPL 3 both in the univariable model (OR = 27.2; 95% CI: 2.712–272.828) and after adjustment for age and gender (OR = 32.676; 95% CI: 2.832–376.984). Neither age nor gender showed a significant association with EPL 3 occurrence. Conclusions: EPL 3 was the predominant lesion subtype in the study. EFP grading was significantly associated with EPL distribution, with Grade B emerging as an independent predictor of EPL 3. These findings suggest that periodontal disease progression may play a key role in the development and characterization of combined endo-periodontal lesions and highlight the importance of integrated periodontal–endodontic assessment in clinical practice.