The main purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of active methodologies in the teaching–learning process in computer science. To achieve this objective, a systematic review using the PRISMA method was performed; the search for articles was conducted through the Scopus and Web of Science databases and the scientific search engine Google Scholar. By establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 research papers were selected addressing the use of various active methodologies which have had a positive impact on students’ learning processes. Among the principal active methodologies highlighted are problem-based learning, flipped classrooms, and gamification. The results of the review show how active methodologies promote significant learning, in addition to fostering more outstanding commitment, participation, and motivation on the students’ part. It was observed that active methodologies contribute to the development of fundamental cognitive and socio-emotional skills for their professional growth.

School dropout in higher education remains a significant global challenge with profound socioeconomic consequences. To address this complex issue, educational institutions increasingly rely on business intelligence (BI) and related predictive analytics, such as machine learning and data mining techniques. This systematic review critically examines the application of BI and predictive analytics for analyzing and preventing student dropout, synthesizing evidence from 230 studies published globally between 1996 and 2025. We collected literature from the Google Scholar and Scopus databases using a comprehensive search strategy, incorporating keywords such as “business intelligence”, “machine learning”, and “big data”. The results highlight a wide range of predictive tools and methodologies, notably data visualization platforms (e.g., Power BI) and algorithms like decision trees, Random Forest, and logistic regression, demonstrating effectiveness in identifying dropout patterns and at-risk students. Common predictive variables included personal, socioeconomic, academic, institutional, and engagement-related factors, reflecting dropout’s multifaceted nature. Critical challenges identified include data privacy regulations (e.g., GDPR and FERPA), limited data integration capabilities, interpretability of advanced models, ethical considerations, and educators’ capacity to leverage BI effectively. Despite these challenges, BI applications significantly enhance institutions’ ability to predict dropout accurately and implement timely, targeted interventions. This review emphasizes the need for ongoing research on integrating ethical AI-driven analytics and scaling BI solutions across diverse educational contexts to reduce dropout rates effectively and sustainably.

This article examines how justice institutions produce and reproduce gender-based violence against women through the invisibilization of moral violence, with particular attention to their spatial dimensions. Drawing on the concept of juridical–patriarchal habitus, the study conceptualizes justice institutions not only as sites of legal action but as spatial formations that shape the visibility, recognition, and adjudication of harm. Using a feminist ethnographic approach, the article analyzes two cases of gender-based violence documented in 2020 in the municipality of Querétaro, Mexico. The findings demonstrate how movement into legal and institutional spaces transforms lived experiences of violence, as procedural requirements, evidentiary expectations, and institutional interactions operate as spatial filters that render certain forms of harm visible while obscuring others. In this process, justice actors construct and reproduce gendered stereotypes about what counts as violence, simultaneously positioning women as victims and subjecting them to processes of revictimization. By conceptualizing the invisibility of moral violence as a spatially mediated process, the article contributes to debates in legal and feminist geography, highlighting how institutional spaces not only respond to gender-based violence but actively participate in its production and concealment.

El presente artículo muestra, desde una perspectiva crítica feminista del derecho, algunos de los obstáculos para la judicialización de casos de violencia moral contra mujeres en la justicia penal en la ciudad de Querétaro, México. El estudio se realizó con base en etnografía en espacios de justicia y etnografía feminista, mediante observación de procesos de denuncia de mujeres-víctimas en el Centro de Justicia para Mujeres en Querétaro, entrevistas semiestructuras a operadoras de justicia y entrevistas a profundidad a mujeres víctimas de violencia, elaboradas, respectivamente, durante los periodos de febrero-abril y septiembre-octubre de 2020. A partir de lo anterior se encontró que los estereotipos acerca del deber ser de las mujeres y el estereotipo de que la violencia ejercida contra las mujeres adopta, predominantemente, la forma de violencia física, se constituyen en obstáculos para el procesamiento en la esfera penal de la violencia moral, cuyo carácter es sutil y se manifiesta sin dejar huellas físicas. Por consiguiente, desde una perspectiva crítica feminista, que observa al derecho no como una unidad objetiva y neutral, sino como productor de género, se plantea que estos estereotipos prolongan las relaciones asimétricas de poder entre mujeres y hombres dentro del orden patriarcal.

The aim of this article is to address some ethical considerations for conducting feminist ethnography focused on the study of multiple forms of gender-based violence against women. In this regard, it draws on the ethical guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and an ethnographic fieldwork experience with women victims of violence in the city of Queretaro, Mexico, carried out in 2020. Feminist ethnography is presented as an ethical-political method that generates embodied and situated knowledge aimed at transforming gender asymmetries through the observation, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of the various manifestations and consequences of the patriarchal order, such as gender-based violence in its multiple expressions, with the goal of contributing to its deconstruction.