There are several fixative or preservative solutions for use on cadavers, and formaldehyde is the most widely used. However, this chemical may present negative effects for professionals who manipulate it. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and quantify the main microorganisms related to the fixation and preservation of dog cadavers using an alternative and formaldehyde-free solution. After arterial injection (120 mL kg?1 95% 96° GL ethyl alcohol and 5% pure glycerin), cadavers were placed in 96° GL ethyl alcohol for 30 (group 1), 60 (group 2), 90 (group 3), and 120 days (group 4). After the fixation period, they remained under preservation in a 30% aqueous sodium chloride solution for 120 days. Bacterial quantification was performed by the pour plate method. The bacterial population was present in all groups during fixation, except for group 1, but never exceeded 9 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total aerobes and 7 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total anaerobes. The microbial population was present in all groups in at least two moments during preservation and never exceeded 7 × 101 CFU mL?1 in total aerobes and anaerobes. The presence of fungi was observed in 8 out of 34 analyses. Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli, and Bacillus sp. were identified in the analyzed samples. Microbiological counting was low, and no signs of contamination were observed in the vats at visual inspection.

To use a 3D printed poly (L-lactide) acid (PLLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite as a bone substitute for reconstruction of a critical bone defect in the radius of rabbits. A 1.5 cm ostectomy was performed in the radial diaphysis of 60 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into three groups according to surgical treatment of the bone defect (group I - control, group II - bone graft, group III - 3D PLLA). Each group was divided into four subgroups with different radiographic and histopathologic evaluation times (T1 - 15 days, T2 - 30 days, T3 - 60 days, T4 - 90 days). The implant group had greater clinically lameness (p = 0.02), edema (p = 0.007), pain (p = 0.04) and more complications at the surgical site (p = 0.03). Histologically, this group showed greater congestion (p = 0.04), hemorrhage (p = 0.04) and inflammation. Osteogenesis was microscopically similar between days (p = 0.54) and treatments (p = 0.17), even though radiographically, more effective bone healing occurred in the graft group (II), with more callus and bone bridge formation. The customization of a 3D PLLA/HA scaffold was successful. However, in animals receiving the polymer-ceramic composite less bone callus and bone bridge was formed compared to the graft group.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and biocompatibility of a three-dimensional (3D) thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) prosthesis for repairing partial tracheal defects using 3D printing with fused deposition modelling.

The objective of this study was to develop a locked tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plate and to compare this implant with the conventional bone fixation method using a locked plate to determine bone stabilization against torsion forces. Maximum force, angle at peak torque, and stiffness values were determined. Ten synthetic tibias were used, divided into 2 groups. The results in Group 1 (modified TPLO plate) and Group 2 (locked plate) were assessed using analysis of variance and the means were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% probability. There were significant differences in the angle at peak torque and stiffness. The group Modified TPLO plate had higher mean values of stiffness compared with Group locked plate. Group locked plate showed a greater angle at peak torque compared with Group modified TPLO plate. All constructs failed due to tibial fractures distal to the plate. The modified TPLO plate presented higher stiffness indexes than conventional locked plate in torsion. The locked plate presented greater elasticity than modified TPLO plate having greater angle at the peak of torque.

This study compared, through biomechanical evaluation under ventral flexion load, four surgical techniques for ventral stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint in dogs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of a new surgical drill guide model printed in 3D to assist in directing cervical transpedicular screw placement. Five canine cadavers underwent computed tomography (CT). C5 and C6 cervical vertebrae were exported to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction software, which allowed the creation of an animal-specific virtual perforation surgical guide (3DSDG) based on the safe corridor of the vertebral pedicle for placement of 2.7 mm screws. The 3DSDG were printed in 3D by the SLA method. Pedicular screws were applied with the aid of the 3DSDG in cadaveric vertebrae (specimens) and ABS-printed biomodels. After implantation, a CT scan was performed on the specimens and biomodels, the images were exported to a program to assess the transverse angle of the perforations. There was no difference between the screw trajectories angles in the species (p >0.05) and biomodels (p >0.05). The evaluation of screw trajectories by the three-dimensional reconstruction method and by computed tomography also showed no significant differences (p >0.05). Our hypothesis was confirmed once the 3D-printed animal-specific drill guide can potentially help guide the drill for screw drilling in the caudal cervical vertebral pedicle in dogs.