Background and Objectives: Prediabetes (PD) is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week core exercise intervention on glycemic control, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, body composition, and physical performance in prediabetic women. Materials and Methods: Eighteen prediabetic women aged 20–55 years were randomly allocated to either a core exercise group (n = 9) or a control group (n = 9). The intervention group completed 24 supervised core exercise sessions over 8 weeks, whereas the control group remained sedentary. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations included anthropometric measurements, flexibility and strength tests, fasting and postprandial glucose levels, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and serum iron levels. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis, and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were conducted to explore multidimensional metabolic changes. Results: Core exercise significantly improved the body weight, BMI, fat percentage, and circumferences (shoulder, chest, and hip), along with an enhanced flexibility and back-leg strength (p < 0.05). Glycemic indices (FBG, PBG, and HbA1c), insulin, and HOMA-IR levels were significantly reduced, while serum iron and HDL-C increased (p < 0.05). Lipid markers, including the TG, LDL-C, CHOL, and TG/HDL-C ratio, showed significant improvements. The PCA and cluster analyses identified three clusters reflecting metabolic risk, body composition, and protective factors. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an 8-week structured core exercise program significantly improves glycemic control, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in women with prediabetes. Multivariate analyses (PCA and hierarchical clustering) corroborate a metabolic shift towards a reduced insulin resistance and a more favorable cardiometabolic profile, supporting core training as a viable, evidence-based non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate metabolic risk.

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is a molecule that serves as a coenzyme for mitochondrial enzymes, playing a fundamental role in mitochondrial bioenergetics as an electron and proton carrier in the energy production process. This study aimed to examine the modulatory effects of moderate/high-intensity exercise and CoQ₁₀ supplementation on tumstatin, lipid dynamics, and body mass in rats. This study used 42 male Wistar Albino rats in six groups: a control group (C), a moderate-intensity continuous training group (MICT), a high-intensity continuous training group (HICT), a coenzyme Q₁₀ group (Q₁₀), a moderate-intensity continuous training combined with Q₁₀ group (MICTQ₁₀), and a high-intensity continuous training combined with Q₁₀ group (HICTQ₁₀) to assess the effects of exercise and 5 mg/kg/daily CoQ₁₀ supplementation. Rats underwent treadmill training, and tumstatin levels in plasma, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissues were measured using ELISA and immunostaining techniques. In addition to the plasma, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were analyzed using enzymatic methods, with the LDL-C calculated using the Friedewald equation. The atherogenic index of plasma was determined by the TG/HDL-C ratio. As compared to group C, body mass was significantly affected by both exercise intensity and supplementation (p = 0.01, η² = 0.37), with the MICTQ₁₀ and HICTQ₁₀ groups demonstrating the greatest reductions by day 50th (p = 0.0003, d = 4.02; p = 0.0001, d = 3.99). Lipid profiles varied significantly between groups. Compared to the C group, the MICTQ₁₀ group exhibited the most substantial decreases in LDL-C (p = 0.03, d = 2.35) and TG levels (p = 0.03, d = 2.25), while the HICTQ₁₀ group showed the most pronounced reduction in TC levels (p = 0.001, d = 6.41). Regarding tumstatin levels, skeletal muscle tumstatin levels were lowest in the HICTQ₁₀ group (p = 0.01, d = 2.11). Moreover, cardiac muscle tumstatin levels were significantly lower in the MICTQ₁₀, MICT, and HICTQ₁₀ groups compared to in the C group (p = 0.004, d = 1.01). These findings suggest that both exercise intensity and CoQ₁₀ supplementation exert notable physiological effects, particularly in modulating body mass, lipid metabolism, and tumstatin levels.

Background and Objectives: mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes are frequently experienced in amputees. Research on the effects of chronic exercise on biomarkers and cardiac damage indicators in these individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on brain natriuretic-related peptide, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in amputee soccer players. Materials and Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to the following two groups: a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). While the CG continued routine soccer training, the CEG group was included in a core exercise program different from this group. During the study, routine hemogram parameters of the participants, various biochemical markers, and the concentration of brain natriuretic-related peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were analyzed. Results: after the training period, notable improvements in various hematological parameters were observed in both groups. In the CEG, there were significant enhancements in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Similarly, the CG also showed substantial improvements in RBC, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCHC, MCH, red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Moreover, in the CEG, serum triglycerides (TG) and maximal oxygen uptake (MaxVO₂) exhibited significant increases. Conversely, TG levels decreased in the CG, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and MaxVO₂ levels demonstrated substantial elevations. Notably, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels did not undergo significant changes in either the CEG or the CG following the core exercise program (p > 0.05). However, in the CEG, a meaningful positive correlation was observed between NT-pro-BNP and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after the core exercise program. Conclusions: the findings emphasized the potential benefits of core training in enhancing specific physiological aspects, such as erythrocyte-related parameters and lipid metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity. Furthermore, the observed correlation between NT-pro-BNP and CK levels in the CEG provides intriguing insights into the unique physiological adaptations of amputee athletes.

Objectives: Climbing, which is a popular sport in recent years, requires high performance and agility levels. The characteristics of climbers are still unclear. This study has been carried out to evaluate the posture and core endurance levels of climbers. Methods: Forty-nine elite climbers (mean age 15.02±2.68 years) and forty-four healthy sedentary controls (mean age 14.48±1.17 years) participated in this study. Postural assessment was conducted with New York Posture Rating Chart. McGill Core Endurance Test was used to assess the core endurance levels of the participants. Results: Of the participants included in the study, 58.2% were male and 41.8% were female. 69.3% of the climbers had been involved in climbing for more than 2 years. No statistically significant differences were found between in age, height, and body weight between the groups (p>0.05). A difference was observed in the core endurance scores between the groups (p

Aim: This study sought answers to the problem of whether the lung respiratory volume capacities of boulder sport climber athletes are completely different by gender, or if there is a difference only in some parameters. The study was carried out with 12 male and 13 female athletes competing in the youth boulder sports climbing Turkish championships. Athletes with a training history of more than two years were included in the study with a preliminary evaluation of their training histories and physical characteristics. Demographic information such as the age and gender of the athletes were recorded, and their height, weight, and BMI (body mass index) levels were determined to form a homogeneous group. Athletes with physically similar characteristics were included in the study. The lung breathing capacities of the boulder sport climbers were measured using the MIR Spirolab 4 spirometer device. These measurements were conducted at least three times on each athlete, and their best values were recorded. During the spirometry measurements, the athletes were seated and dressed in comfortable clothing. Additionally, spring nose clips were attached to the athletes' noses to prevent air leakage. At the time of the measurements, the air temperature was in the range of 18-22 °C and humidity was 30-60%. The data obtained were analyzed in the SPSS 22.0 package software, and a free seven-day trial version of GraphPad Prism 8 was used for presenting the figures. To determine the normality of the data, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, histogram charts, skewness and kurtosis, q-q plot, and stem-leaf plots were examined, and the distribution was observed to be normal. Independent samples t-test was used to determine the difference between the two groups. The level of significance was considered as p<0.05. The FEV1/FVC, VT, ERV, IRV, IC, MVV, and MVT volume capacities of the boulder sport climbers were similar in male and female athletes. However, VC, PEF, and MEF 75% were significantly different, PEF 25-75% and MEF 50% were highly different, and FEV1 and MEF 25% were at very highly different levels. These differences were in favor of male boulder sport climbers. Contrary to expectations that female athletes had lower lung volume capacities than male athletes, it was determined that while some lung volume capacities of the bouldering athletes were similar in male and female athletes, in other parameters they were in favor of male athletes. Bu araştırma, boulder spor tırmanışçı sporcuların akciğer solunum hacim kapasiteleri cinsiyet göre tamamen farklı mıdır, yoksa sadece bazı parametrelerde mi bir farklılık söz konusudur şeklindeki sorunsal sürece cevap aramaktadır. Çalışma gençler boulder spor tırmanış Türkiye şampiyonasında 12 erkek ve 13 kadın boulder spor tırmanışı yapan sporcu ile sürdürüldü. Çalışma katılacak sporcuların antrenman geçmişleri ve fiziksel özellikleri ile ilgili ön değerlendirme yapılarak en az 2 yıldan daha fazla antrenman geçmişine sahip sporcular çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Sporcular hakkında yaş, cinsiyet gibi demogafik bilgiler kayıt edilerek homojen bir grup olması açısından boy, kilo ve BMI (beden kitle indeks) düzeyleri tespit edildi. Fiziksel olarak benzer özelliklere sahip sporcular çalışmaya kabul edildi. Boulder spor tırmanışçıların akciğer solunum kapasiteleri MIR Spirolab 4 spirometre cihazı ile ölçüldü. Ölçümler her sporcuya en az 3 kez yaptırıldı ve en iyi değeri kaydedildi. Spirometrik ölçümler esnasında sporcular oturur pozisyonda, rahat kıyafet içerisinde ve hava sızıntısını önlemek için sporcuların burunlarına yaylı kıskaçlar takıldı. Ölçüm esnasında hava sıcaklığı 18-22 ℃ ve nem 30-60% aralığındaydı. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programda analiz edildi ve şekilsel ifadeler için yedi günlük ücretsiz GraphPad Prism 8 deneme sürümü kullanıldı. Verilerin normalliğini belirlemek için; Kolmogorov Smirnnov, histogram grafikleri, basıklık ve diklik, q-q plot, dal yaprak grafiklerine bakıldı ve dağılım normaldi. İki grup arasındaki farklılığın belirlenmesi için Independent Samples t testi kullanıldı. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Boulder spor tırmanışçı sporcuların FEV1/FVC, VT, ERV, IRV, IC, MVV, MVT hacim kapasiteleri erkek ve kadın sporcularda benzer düzeydeydi. Ancak VC, PEF, MEF %75 anlamlı düzeyde, PEF%25-75, MEF%50 yüksek düzeyde, FEV1 ve MEF%25 ise çok yüksek düzeyde farklıydı. Bu farklılık erkek boulder spor tırmanışçı sporcuların lehineydi. Kadın sporcuların akciğer hacim kapasiteleri erkek sporculara göre daha düşüktür şeklindeki beklentinin aksine, boulder spor tırmanışçılar sporcuların bazı akciğer hacim kapasiteleri erkek ve kadın sporcularda benzer düzeydeyken bazı parametrelerde erkek sporcuların lehine olduğu görüldü.