This scoping review addresses the transformation and development of new healthcare systems in nine countries —Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan over the period following the collapse of the Soviet Union from 1991 to the present. This assessment focuses on maternal and child health, mental health, communicable diseases, and non-communicable diseases in an effort to highlight the changes in the healthcare status of these nine countries under scrutiny. Considering that all the post-Soviet nations are officially recognized members of the World Health Organization (WHO) and have demonstrated their commitment to attaining the WHO's objectives, the evaluation of healthcare system progress and improvement was carried out utilizing indicators provided by the WHO. This review reveals that the evolution of healthcare systems could be considered sustainable, given that average life expectancy has returned to the level it was in 1991— the year of the USSR's breakup, and people's health has improved since the turn of the twenty-first century. To enhance the potential success of future healthcare reforms, however, governments must monitor implementation of the reform process, evaluate the achievement of objectives, and make necessary adjustments. The success of future healthcare changes will depend on the active involvement of the government, medical community, and patient community, as well as obtaining the support of local health authorities. This study may help identify successful and failed strategies, guiding future healthcare changes and investments.

Background: The internet helps us obtain necessary information, facilitates social communication, and provides access to entertainment content. The internet can also lead to the behavioral addictive condition termed internet addiction (IA) if used excessively. As active internet users, medical students are susceptible to IA, which is known to lead to depression and improper medical care delivery, poor academic performance, worse sleep quality, and undesirable financial issues. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess medical students’ pooled IA prevalence. Methods: The analysis included thirteen cross-sectional studies involving 4787 medical students. Cumulative, subgroup, and meta-regression meta-analyses were applied, using the random-effects model and the restricted maximum likelihood method. Results: The cumulative meta-analysis revealed a rise in the proportion of IA from 0.08 to 0.29, with minor fluctuations between 2015 and 2022. The IA prevalence in lower-middle-income countries was approximately three times higher than in high-income ones. Age and gender were not associated with IA among medical students. Conclusions: The worldwide prevalence of IA was 0.29, with a 95% CI between 0.19 and 0.41. Considering negative IA implications for medical students’ well-being, policymakers and all stakeholders should pay special attention to addressing IA within the medical student community.

Background. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the proportions of individuals infected with Campylobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia who develop reactive arthritis. Methods. A systematic review was conducted, encompassing English-language articles published before January 2024, sourced from the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This review included observational studies that reported the occurrence of reactive arthritis (ReA) among patients with Campylobacter, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia infections. Data extraction was carried out independently by two reviewers. Subsequently, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed, with heterogeneity assessed using the I² value. Additionally, meta-regression was employed to investigate the potential influence of study-level variables on the observed heterogeneity. Results. A total of 87 studies were identified; 23 reported on ReA development after Campylobacter infection, 7 reported on ReA after Escherichia infection, 30 reported ReA onset after salmonellosis, 14 reported ReA after shigellosis, and 13 reported ReA after Yersinia infection. The proportion of Campylobacter patients who developed ReA was 0.03 (95% CI [0.01, 0.06], I² = 97.62%); the proportion of Escherichia patients who developed ReA was 0.01 (95% CI [0.00, 0.06], I² = 92.78%); the proportion of Salmonella patients was 0.04 (95% CI [0.02, 0.08], I² = 97.67%); the proportion of Shigella patients was 0.01 (95% CI [0.01, 0.03], I² = 90.64%); and the proportion of Yersinia patients who developed ReA was 0.05 (95% CI [0.02, 0.13], I² = 96%). Conclusion. A significant proportion of Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia cases resulted in ReA. Nonetheless, it is important to interpret the findings cautiously due to the substantial heterogeneity observed between studies.

Diabetic kidney disease is a devastating diabetic complication, affecting up tohalf of people suffering from diabetes. The global burden of diabetic kidney disease issteadily increasing worldwide along with the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Theepidemic rise of type 2 diabetes is primarily observed in Asia, including the East Asianregions. It is generally accepted that heredity is one of the main determinants in thepathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Since the advent of genome-wide associationstudies, numerous studies have been published to identify the genetic loci susceptible todiabetic kidney disease among diverse populations. Although genome-wide associationstudies exploring diabetic kidney disease susceptibility loci have focused primarily onpopulations of European descent, a number of novel genetic variants associated with diabetickidney disease have also been successfully revealed among East Asians. A comprehensiveanalysis of the genetic architecture and pathophysiological pathways of diabetickidney disease may allow the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. This reviewaimed to summarize genome-wide association studies examining genetic variantsassociated with diabetic kidney disease in the populations of East Asian ancestry withtype 2 diabetes and presented our perspective on the future of this field.

Introduction: Nurses and midwives play a central role in ensuring the sustainability of evidence-based practices in the clinical setting. However, for this role to be effectively fulfilled, an understanding is needed of how sustainability concepts are applied, together with the continuous evaluation of practice changes over time. Aim: This study aimed to explore nurses’ and midwives’ experiences regarding the sustainability of evidence-based inpatient postnatal care in a maternity unit in Kazakhstan. Design: The study used an interpretive description design and individual in-depth interviews with nine participants. The COREQ checklist was used to report the study. Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis. Theme 1: Awareness and Accessibility of Evidence-Based Inpatient Postnatal Care Standards . This theme emphasizes the importance of nurses and midwives continuously using the protocol or standards for postnatal care while being aware of and having access to the protocol and standards. Theme 2: Management Support, Relationships, and Professional Satisfaction. This theme focuses on the dynamics within the unit among nurses and midwives and their managers, and the impact of these dynamics on staff autonomy and professional identity. Theme 3: Training and Updates. This theme refers to the regular training conducted in the unit on the protocol for postnatal care. Theme 4: Practicing Evidence-Based Inpatient Postnatal Care. This theme relates to the activities of nurses and midwives while caring for patients. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that sustainability in the clinical setting is precarious and multifaceted. The four themes related to the experiences of the staff, were a dynamic and integral component of patient care, driving the sustainability of evidence in the clinical setting. Spanish %: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A428