Lorlatinib has been FDA-approved as a systemic therapy for ALK/ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, it has been associated with an increased frequency of neurocognitive adverse events (NAEs). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the NAEs related to lorlatinib therapy in NSCLC patients. PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and prominent conference proceedings were searched for eligible studies of lorlatinib in NSCLC patients. NAEs included cognitive, mood, speech, and psychotic effects. A total of 1147 patients from 12 studies were included; 62% had brain metastases. A pooled analysis of NAEs showed frequencies of cognitive effects of 14.57% (95% CI, 8.37 to 24.14, I2 = 84%), mood effects of 11.17% (95% CI, 5.93 to 20.07, I2 = 84%), speech effects of 7.24% (95% CI, 3.39 to 15.20, I2 = 72%), and psychotic effects of 4.97% (95% CI, 3.27 to 7.49, I2 = 21%). Clinical trials reported a significantly higher frequency of mood effects than was indicated by real-world data. These results highlight the importance of educating patients and healthcare professionals about lorlatinib-related NAEs for early detection and management to improve NSCLC patients’ quality of life.

Economic and social development has essential repercussions on the health of populations, as it alters the morbidity and mortality profile and favors the increase in exposures and risks to human health, especially the risk of cancer. Cancer is considered a significant public health problem worldwide, and remains with high incidence rates, being considered a complex disease, with multifactorial causes. The permanent incidence rates of prostate cancer prove to be one of the most prevalent, considered the second most common cancer in men worldwide, and a leading cause of deaths from chronic noncommunicable diseases. Among the different types of cancer, prostate cancer has been the subject of great scientific interest. In this context, animal models are valuable for studying cancer-related aspects, the use of animal models has the potential to increase our understanding of carcinogenesis, tumor biology, and the impact of specific molecular events on tumor biology. Animal models with specific human cancer characteristics can be used to test cancer prevention and treatment strategies. In this review, we aim to show how the use of animal models as an essential tool in the study of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Colon cancer is a growing health problem in Brazil. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), colon cancer is among the top ten causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Besides, the disease has a significant economic impact on the Brazilian public health system. Over the past five years, there has been an increased interest in use, isolation, characterization and determination of the biological actions of compounds such as broccoli. Experimental studies with genetically modified (GMOs) rats, mice, and rats using Sulforaphane have demonstrated their ability to prevent, delay and reverse pre-neoplastic lesions, improved survival, as well as acting on neoplastic cells with therapeutic action. Sulforaphane through activation of Nrf2 increases the activity of phase II enzymes such as glutathione S transferase (GST), which is involved in the elimination of xenobiotic compounds. Aberrant crypts are induced, in Wistar rats and mice, by genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemical compounds. Colon carcinogenesis is generally induced in rats and mice by two substances, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and azoxymethane (AOM). Azoxymethane is often used concerning DMH because it is more potent and requires few reactions for its activation. It is possible to conclude that Sulforaphane, through its various biological actions, presents efficiency in the prevention of colon cancer and significant potential for use in future experimental studies with genetically modified rats, mice, and rats.

Key words: Adhesives; Cyanoacrylates; Rats, Wistar