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Kirsten Spann
Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, QLD 4007, Australia

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Virology division news
Published: 31 August 2021 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2021, 1 -54.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R. Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B. Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Judith K. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L. de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, J. Felix Drexler, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W. Ferguson, Anthony R. Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L. Goldberg, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S. Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R. Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H. Hyndman, M. Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H. Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Eric M. Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M. Miller, Tobi J. Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J. Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C. Park, Colin R. Parrish, David A. Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas S. Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D. Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G. Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A. Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P. Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S. Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F. Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2021; ():1-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021. "2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology , no. : 1-54.

Brief report
Published: 16 August 2021 in Viruses
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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the immune response to seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections such as HCoV-NL63, how existing neutralising antibodies to HCoV may modulate responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the utility of seasonal HCoV as human challenge models. Therefore, in this study we quantified HCoV-NL63 neutralising antibody titres in a healthy adult population using plasma from 100 blood donors in Australia. A microneutralisation assay was performed with plasma diluted from 1:10 to 1:160 and tested with the HCoV-NL63 Amsterdam-1 strain. Neutralising antibodies were detected in 71% of the plasma samples, with a median geometric mean titre of 14. This titre was similar to those reported in convalescent sera taken from individuals 3–7 months following asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 2–3 years post-infection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-1 patients. HCoV-NL63 neutralising antibody titres decreased with increasing age (R2 = 0.042, p = 0.038), but did not differ by sex. Overall, this study demonstrates that neutralising antibody to HCoV-NL63 is detectable in approximately 71% of the healthy adult population of Australia. Similar titres did not impede the use of another seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) in a human challenge model, thus, HCoV-NL63 may be useful as a human challenge model for more pathogenic coronaviruses.

ACS Style

Sean A. Lynch; Kanta Subbarao; Siddhartha Mahanty; Bridget E. Barber; Eileen V. Roulis; Lia van der Hoek; James S. McCarthy; Kirsten M. Spann. Prevalence of Neutralising Antibodies to HCoV-NL63 in Healthy Adults in Australia. Viruses 2021, 13, 1618 .

AMA Style

Sean A. Lynch, Kanta Subbarao, Siddhartha Mahanty, Bridget E. Barber, Eileen V. Roulis, Lia van der Hoek, James S. McCarthy, Kirsten M. Spann. Prevalence of Neutralising Antibodies to HCoV-NL63 in Healthy Adults in Australia. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1618.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sean A. Lynch; Kanta Subbarao; Siddhartha Mahanty; Bridget E. Barber; Eileen V. Roulis; Lia van der Hoek; James S. McCarthy; Kirsten M. Spann. 2021. "Prevalence of Neutralising Antibodies to HCoV-NL63 in Healthy Adults in Australia." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1618.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Viruses
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Variants in the small surface gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which codes for viral surface antigen (HBsAg), can affect the efficacy of HBsAg screening assays and can be associated with occult HBV infection (OBI). This study aimed to characterise the molecular diversity of the HBV small surface gene from HBV-reactive Australian blood donors. HBV isolates from 16 HBsAg-positive Australian blood donors’ plasma were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenies of viral coding genes and/or whole genomes. An analysis of the genetic diversity of eight HBV small surface genes from our 16 samples was conducted and compared with HBV sequences from NCBI of 164 international (non-Australian) blood donors. Genotypes A–D were identified in our samples. The region of HBV small surface gene that contained the sequence encoding the ‘a’ determinant had a greater genetic diversity than the remaining part of the gene. No escape mutants or OBI-related variants were observed in our samples. Variant call analysis revealed two samples with a nucleotide deletion leading to truncation of polymerase and/or large/middle surface amino acid sequences. Overall, we found that HBV small surface gene sequences from Australian donors demonstrated a lower level of genetic diversity than those from non-Australian donor population included in the study.

ACS Style

Ngoc Phan; Helen Faddy; Robert Flower; Wayne Dimech; Kirsten Spann; Eileen Roulis. Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors. Viruses 2021, 13, 1275 .

AMA Style

Ngoc Phan, Helen Faddy, Robert Flower, Wayne Dimech, Kirsten Spann, Eileen Roulis. Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors. Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ngoc Phan; Helen Faddy; Robert Flower; Wayne Dimech; Kirsten Spann; Eileen Roulis. 2021. "Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors." Viruses 13, no. 7: 1275.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Viruses
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IFN treatment may be a viable option for treating COPD exacerbations based on evidence of IFN deficiency in COPD. However, in vitro studies have used primarily influenza and rhinoviruses to investigate IFN responses. This study aims to investigate the susceptibility to infection and IFN response of primary bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from COPD donors to infection with RSV and hMPV. BECs from five COPD and five healthy donors were used to establish both submerged monolayer and well-differentiated (WD) cultures. Two isolates of both RSV and hMPV were used to infect cells. COPD was not associated with elevated susceptibility to infection and there was no evidence of an intrinsic defect in IFN production in either cell model to either virus. Conversely, COPD was associated with significantly elevated IFN-β production in response to both viruses in both cell models. Only in WD-BECs infected with RSV was elevated IFN-β associated with reduced viral shedding. The role of elevated epithelial cell IFN-β production in the pathogenesis of COPD is not clear and warrants further investigation. Viruses vary in the responses that they induce in BECs, and so conclusions regarding antiviral responses associated with disease cannot be made based on single viral infections.

ACS Style

Natasha Collinson; Natale Snape; Kenneth Beagley; Emmanuelle Fantino; Kirsten Spann. COPD Is Associated with Elevated IFN-β Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected with RSV or hMPV. Viruses 2021, 13, 911 .

AMA Style

Natasha Collinson, Natale Snape, Kenneth Beagley, Emmanuelle Fantino, Kirsten Spann. COPD Is Associated with Elevated IFN-β Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected with RSV or hMPV. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasha Collinson; Natale Snape; Kenneth Beagley; Emmanuelle Fantino; Kirsten Spann. 2021. "COPD Is Associated with Elevated IFN-β Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected with RSV or hMPV." Viruses 13, no. 5: 911.

Review article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Environmental Pollution
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Whether virulent human pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) are effectively transmitted by aerosols remains contentious. Transmission modes of the novel coronavirus have become a hot topic of research with the importance of airborne transmission controversial due to the many factors that can influence virus transmission. Airborne transmission is an accepted potential route for the spread of some viral infections (measles, chickenpox); however, aerosol features and infectious inoculum vary from one respiratory virus to another. Infectious virus-laden aerosols can be produced by natural human respiratory activities, and their features are vital determinants for virus carriage and transmission. Physicochemical characteristics of infectious respiratory aerosols can influence the efficiency of virus transmission by droplets. This critical review identifies studies reporting instances of infected patients producing airborne human pathogenic coronaviruses, and evidence for the role of physical/chemical characteristics of human-generated droplets in altering embedded viruses’ viability. We also review studies evaluating these viruses in the air, field studies and available evidence about seasonality patterns. Ultimately the literature suggests that a proportion of virulent human coronaviruses can plausibly be transmitted via the air, even though this might vary in different conditions. Evidence exists for respirable-sized airborne droplet nuclei containing viral RNA, although this does not necessarily imply that the virus is transmittable, capable of replicating in a recipient host, or that inoculum is sufficient to initiate infection. However, evidence suggests that coronaviruses can survive in simulated droplet nuclei for a significant time (>24 h). Nevertheless, laboratory nebulized virus-laden aerosols might not accurately model the complexity of human carrier aerosols in studying airborne viral transport. In summary, there is disagreement on whether wild coronaviruses can be transmitted via an airborne path and display seasonal patterns. Further studies are therefore required to provide supporting evidence for the role of airborne transmission and assumed mechanisms underlying seasonality.

ACS Style

Sadegh Niazi; Robert Groth; Kirsten Spann; Graham R. Johnson. The role of respiratory droplet physicochemistry in limiting and promoting the airborne transmission of human coronaviruses: A critical review. Environmental Pollution 2020, 276, 115767 -115767.

AMA Style

Sadegh Niazi, Robert Groth, Kirsten Spann, Graham R. Johnson. The role of respiratory droplet physicochemistry in limiting and promoting the airborne transmission of human coronaviruses: A critical review. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 276 ():115767-115767.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sadegh Niazi; Robert Groth; Kirsten Spann; Graham R. Johnson. 2020. "The role of respiratory droplet physicochemistry in limiting and promoting the airborne transmission of human coronaviruses: A critical review." Environmental Pollution 276, no. : 115767-115767.

Virology division news
Published: 04 September 2020 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2020, 165, 3023 -3072.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Daniela Alioto, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Simon J. Anthony, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Tomáš Bartonička, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Steven B. Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Nihal Buzkan, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, John Chamberlain, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Biao Chen, Michela Chiumenti, Il-Ryong Choi, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, John V. Da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Alberto M. R. Dávila, Juan Carlos De La Torre, Xavier De Lamballerie, Rik L. De Swart, Patrick L. Di Bello, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Valerian V. Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, Jan Felix Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, Lucie Dufkova, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Jorlan Fernandes, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Leonie F. Forth, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Aiah Gbakima, Tracey Goldstein, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Alexandro Guterres, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Mohamed Hassan, Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Roger Hewson, Bernd Hoffmann, Seiji Hongo, Dirk Höper, Masayuki Horie, Holly R. Hughes, Timothy H. Hyndman, Amara Jambai, Rodrigo Jardim, Dàohóng Jiāng, Qi Jin, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Serpil Karadağ, Karen E. Keller, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Robert A. Lamb, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elba R. S. Lemos, Eric M. Leroy, Dexin Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Mifang Liang, Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel De Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Giovanni P. Martelli, Robert R. Martin, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sébastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Angelantonio Minafra, Maria Minutolo, Ali Mirazimi, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L. Økland, Renata C. Oliveira, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallas, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Colin R. Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Daniel R. Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Aziz-Ul Rahman, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Víctor Romanowski, Gabriel Robles Luna, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Daniel Ruzek, Sead Sabanadzovic, Jiří Salát, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Kamil Sarpkaya, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Muhammad Z. Shabbir, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yukio Shirako, Peter Simmonds, Jana Širmarová, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Teemu Smura, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M. Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Petra Straková, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Massimo Turina, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Rainer G. Ulrich, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Hui Wang, Jianwei Wang, Xifeng Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Tàiyún Wèi, Heather Wells, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Zhìqiáng Wú, Xin Yang, Xīnglóu Yáng, Xuejie Yu, Natalya Yutin, F. Murilo Zerbini, Tong Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Guohui Zhou, Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2020; 165 (12):3023-3072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020. "2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology 165, no. 12: 3023-3072.

Research article
Published: 13 July 2020 in PLOS Pathogens
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Type-2 immunity elicits tissue repair and homeostasis, however dysregulated type-2 responses cause aberrant tissue remodelling, as observed in asthma. Severe respiratory viral infections in infancy predispose to later asthma, however, the processes that mediate tissue damage-induced type-2 inflammation and the origins of airway remodelling remain ill-defined. Here, using a preclinical mouse model of viral bronchiolitis, we find that increased epithelial and mesenchymal high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression is associated with increased numbers of IL-13-producing type-2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2s) and the expansion of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Anti-HMGB1 ablated lung ILC2 numbers and ASM growth in vivo, and inhibited ILC2-mediated ASM cell proliferation in a co-culture model. Furthermore, we identified that HMGB1/RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) signalling mediates an ILC2-intrinsic IL-13 auto-amplification loop. In summary, therapeutic targeting of the HMGB1/RAGE signalling axis may act as a novel asthma preventative by dampening ILC2-mediated type-2 inflammation and associated ASM remodelling. Asthma can start at any time in life, although most often begins in early childhood. Wheezy viral bronchiolitis is a major independent risk factor for subsequent asthma. However, key knowledge gaps exist in relation to the sequelae of severe viral bronchiolitis and the pathogenic processes that promote type-2 inflammation and airway wall remodelling, cardinal features of asthma. Our study addresses this gap by identifying high-mobility group box 1 as a pathogenic cytokine that contributes to group 2 innate lymphoid cell-induced airway smooth muscle growth.

ACS Style

Zhixuan Loh; Jennifer Simpson; Ashik Ullah; Vivian Zhang; Wan J. Gan; Jason P. Lynch; Rhiannon B. Werder; Al Amin Sikder; Katie Lane; Choon Boon Sim; Enzo Porrello; Stuart B. Mazzone; Peter D. Sly; Raymond J. Steptoe; Kirsten M. Spann; Maria B. Sukkar; John W. Upham; Simon Phipps. HMGB1 amplifies ILC2-induced type-2 inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling. PLOS Pathogens 2020, 16, e1008651 .

AMA Style

Zhixuan Loh, Jennifer Simpson, Ashik Ullah, Vivian Zhang, Wan J. Gan, Jason P. Lynch, Rhiannon B. Werder, Al Amin Sikder, Katie Lane, Choon Boon Sim, Enzo Porrello, Stuart B. Mazzone, Peter D. Sly, Raymond J. Steptoe, Kirsten M. Spann, Maria B. Sukkar, John W. Upham, Simon Phipps. HMGB1 amplifies ILC2-induced type-2 inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling. PLOS Pathogens. 2020; 16 (7):e1008651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhixuan Loh; Jennifer Simpson; Ashik Ullah; Vivian Zhang; Wan J. Gan; Jason P. Lynch; Rhiannon B. Werder; Al Amin Sikder; Katie Lane; Choon Boon Sim; Enzo Porrello; Stuart B. Mazzone; Peter D. Sly; Raymond J. Steptoe; Kirsten M. Spann; Maria B. Sukkar; John W. Upham; Simon Phipps. 2020. "HMGB1 amplifies ILC2-induced type-2 inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodelling." PLOS Pathogens 16, no. 7: e1008651.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in Viruses
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The extent of whole genome diversity amongst hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes is not well described. This study aimed to update the current distribution of HBV types and to investigate mutation rates and nucleotide diversity between genotypes in Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. We retrieved 930 human HBV complete genomes from these regions from the NCBI nucleotide database for genotyping, detection of potential recombination, serotype prediction, mutation identification and comparative genome analyses. Overall, HBV genotypes B (44.1%) and C (46.2%) together with predicted serotypes adr (36%), adw2 (29%) and ayw1 (19.9%) were the most commonly circulating HBV types in the studied region. The three HBV variants identified most frequently were p.V5L, c.1896G>A and double mutation c.1762A>T/c.1764G>A, while genotypes B and C had the widest range of mutation types. The study also highlighted the distinct nucleotide diversity of HBV genotypes for whole genome and along the genome length. Therefore, this study provided a robust update to HBV currently circulating in Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand as well as an insight into the association of HBV genetic hypervariability and prevalence of well reported mutations.

ACS Style

Ngoc Minh Hien Phan; Helen Faddy; Robert Flower; Kirsten Spann; Eileen Roulis. In Silico Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Human Hepatitis B Virus in Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Viruses 2020, 12, 427 .

AMA Style

Ngoc Minh Hien Phan, Helen Faddy, Robert Flower, Kirsten Spann, Eileen Roulis. In Silico Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Human Hepatitis B Virus in Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Viruses. 2020; 12 (4):427.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ngoc Minh Hien Phan; Helen Faddy; Robert Flower; Kirsten Spann; Eileen Roulis. 2020. "In Silico Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Human Hepatitis B Virus in Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand." Viruses 12, no. 4: 427.

Virology division news
Published: 14 May 2019 in Archives of Virology
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In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

ACS Style

Gaya K. Amarasinghe; María A. Ayllón; Yīmíng Bào; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Kim R. Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Alexander Bukreyev; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Ursula J. Buchholz; Camila Chabi-Jesus; Kartik Chandran; Chiara Chiapponi; Ian Crozier; Rik L. De Swart; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Olga Dolnik; Jan F. Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Anthony Griffiths; Roger Hewson; Masayuki Horie; Timothy H. Hyndman; Dàohóng Jiāng; Elliott W. Kitajima; Gary P. Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Robert A. Lamb; Antonio Lavazza; Benhur Lee; Davide Lelli; Eric M. Leroy; Jiànróng Lǐ; Piet Maes; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Ana Moreno; Elke Mühlberger; Sergey V. Netesov; Norbert Nowotny; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Gustavo Palacios; Bernadett Pályi; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan L. Payne; Alice Prosperi; Pedro Luis Ramos-González; Bertus K. Rima; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Mang Shi; Peter Simmonds; Sophie J. Smither; Enrica Sozzi; Kirsten Spann; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Nikos Vasilakis; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tāo Zhāng; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Jens H. Kuhn. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019. Archives of Virology 2019, 164, 1967 -1980.

AMA Style

Gaya K. Amarasinghe, María A. Ayllón, Yīmíng Bào, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Kim R. Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Alexander Bukreyev, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Ursula J. Buchholz, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Kartik Chandran, Chiara Chiapponi, Ian Crozier, Rik L. De Swart, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Jan F. Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Anthony Griffiths, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H. Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Elliott W. Kitajima, Gary P. Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Gael Kurath, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Robert A. Lamb, Antonio Lavazza, Benhur Lee, Davide Lelli, Eric M. Leroy, Jiànróng Lǐ, Piet Maes, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Ana Moreno, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V. Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L. Økland, Gustavo Palacios, Bernadett Pályi, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan L. Payne, Alice Prosperi, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Bertus K. Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Mang Shi, Peter Simmonds, Sophie J. Smither, Enrica Sozzi, Kirsten Spann, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Nikos Vasilakis, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, F. Murilo Zerbini, Tāo Zhāng, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H. Kuhn. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019. Archives of Virology. 2019; 164 (7):1967-1980.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaya K. Amarasinghe; María A. Ayllón; Yīmíng Bào; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Kim R. Blasdell; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Alexander Bukreyev; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Ursula J. Buchholz; Camila Chabi-Jesus; Kartik Chandran; Chiara Chiapponi; Ian Crozier; Rik L. De Swart; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Olga Dolnik; Jan F. Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Anthony Griffiths; Roger Hewson; Masayuki Horie; Timothy H. Hyndman; Dàohóng Jiāng; Elliott W. Kitajima; Gary P. Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Robert A. Lamb; Antonio Lavazza; Benhur Lee; Davide Lelli; Eric M. Leroy; Jiànróng Lǐ; Piet Maes; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Ana Moreno; Elke Mühlberger; Sergey V. Netesov; Norbert Nowotny; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Gustavo Palacios; Bernadett Pályi; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan L. Payne; Alice Prosperi; Pedro Luis Ramos-González; Bertus K. Rima; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Mang Shi; Peter Simmonds; Sophie J. Smither; Enrica Sozzi; Kirsten Spann; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Nikos Vasilakis; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tāo Zhāng; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Jens H. Kuhn. 2019. "Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019." Archives of Virology 164, no. 7: 1967-1980.

Short report
Published: 26 November 2018 in Virology Journal
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The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-1091-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

ACS Style

Natale Snape; Dongsheng Li; Ting Wei; Hongping Jin; Mary Lor; Daniel J. Rawle; Kirsten M. Spann; David Harrich. The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A regulation of actin stress fibers is important for infectious RSV production. Virology Journal 2018, 15, 182 .

AMA Style

Natale Snape, Dongsheng Li, Ting Wei, Hongping Jin, Mary Lor, Daniel J. Rawle, Kirsten M. Spann, David Harrich. The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A regulation of actin stress fibers is important for infectious RSV production. Virology Journal. 2018; 15 (1):182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natale Snape; Dongsheng Li; Ting Wei; Hongping Jin; Mary Lor; Daniel J. Rawle; Kirsten M. Spann; David Harrich. 2018. "The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A regulation of actin stress fibers is important for infectious RSV production." Virology Journal 15, no. 1: 182.

Research article
Published: 09 May 2018 in Science Translational Medicine
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Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signals through PGD2 receptor 2 (DP2, also known as CRTH2) on type 2 effector cells to promote asthma pathogenesis; however, little is known about its role during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, a major risk factor for asthma development. We show that RSV infection up-regulated hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase expression and increased PGD2 release by cultured human primary airway epithelial cells (AECs). Moreover, PGD2 production was elevated in nasopharyngeal samples from young infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis compared to healthy controls. In a neonatal mouse model of severe viral bronchiolitis, DP2 antagonism decreased viral load, immunopathology, and morbidity and ablated the predisposition for subsequent asthma onset in later life. This protective response was abolished upon dual DP1/DP2 antagonism and replicated with a specific DP1 agonist. Rather than mediating an effect via type 2 inflammation, the beneficial effects of DP2 blockade or DP1 agonism were associated with increased interferon-λ (IFN-λ) [interleukin-28A/B (IL-28A/B)] expression and were lost upon IL-28A neutralization. In RSV-infected AEC cultures, DP1 activation up-regulated IFN-λ production, which, in turn, increased IFN-stimulated gene expression, accelerating viral clearance. Our findings suggest that DP2 antagonists or DP1 agonists may be useful antivirals for the treatment of viral bronchiolitis and possibly as primary preventatives for asthma.

ACS Style

Rhiannon B. Werder; Jason P. Lynch; Jennifer C. Simpson; Vivian Zhang; Nick H. Hodge; Matthew Poh; Elizabeth Forbes-Blom; Christina Kulis; Mark L. Smythe; John W. Upham; Kirsten Spann; Mark L. Everard; Simon Phipps. PGD2/DP2 receptor activation promotes severe viral bronchiolitis by suppressing IFN- λ production. Science Translational Medicine 2018, 10, eaao0052 .

AMA Style

Rhiannon B. Werder, Jason P. Lynch, Jennifer C. Simpson, Vivian Zhang, Nick H. Hodge, Matthew Poh, Elizabeth Forbes-Blom, Christina Kulis, Mark L. Smythe, John W. Upham, Kirsten Spann, Mark L. Everard, Simon Phipps. PGD2/DP2 receptor activation promotes severe viral bronchiolitis by suppressing IFN- λ production. Science Translational Medicine. 2018; 10 (440):eaao0052.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rhiannon B. Werder; Jason P. Lynch; Jennifer C. Simpson; Vivian Zhang; Nick H. Hodge; Matthew Poh; Elizabeth Forbes-Blom; Christina Kulis; Mark L. Smythe; John W. Upham; Kirsten Spann; Mark L. Everard; Simon Phipps. 2018. "PGD2/DP2 receptor activation promotes severe viral bronchiolitis by suppressing IFN- λ production." Science Translational Medicine 10, no. 440: eaao0052.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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Rhinovirus infection triggers acute exacerbations of asthma. IL-33 is an instructive cytokine of type-2 inflammation whose expression is associated with viral load during experimental rhinovirus infection of asthmatic subjects.To determine whether anti-IL-33 therapy is effective during disease progression, established disease, or viral exacerbation using a preclinical model of chronic asthma and in vivo human primary airway epithelial cells (AECs).To model disease onset, progression, and chronicity, mice were exposed to pneumonia virus of mouse and cockroach extract in early-life and later-life, then challenged with rhinovirus. Interventions included anti-IL-33 or dexamethasone at various stages of disease. AECs were obtained from asthmatic and healthy patients, and treated with anti-IL-33 following RV infection.Anti-IL-33 decreased type-2 inflammation in all phases of disease; however, the ability to prevent airway smooth muscle growth was lost after the progression phase. After the chronic phase, IL-33 levels were persistently high and rhinovirus challenge exacerbated the type-2 inflammatory response. Treatment with anti-IL-33 or dexamethasone diminished exacerbation severity and anti-IL-33, but not dexamethasone, promoted antiviral IFN expression and decreased viral load. RV replication was higher and IFN-lambda lower in asthmatic compared to healthy AECs. Anti-IL-33 lowered RV replication and increased IFN-λ at the gene and protein level.Anti-IL-33 or dexamethasone suppressed the magnitude of type-2 inflammation during a rhinovirus-induced acute exacerbation, however only anti-IL-33 boosted antiviral immunity and lowered viral replication. The latter phenotype was replicated in RV infected human AECs, suggesting that anti-IL-33 therapy has the additional benefit of enhancing host defence.

ACS Style

Rhiannon B. Werder; Vivian Zhang; Jason Lynch; Natale Snape; John Upham; Kirsten Spann; Simon Phipps. Chronic IL-33 expression predisposes to virus-induced asthma exacerbations by increasing type 2 inflammation and dampening antiviral immunity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2018, 141, 1607 -1619.e9.

AMA Style

Rhiannon B. Werder, Vivian Zhang, Jason Lynch, Natale Snape, John Upham, Kirsten Spann, Simon Phipps. Chronic IL-33 expression predisposes to virus-induced asthma exacerbations by increasing type 2 inflammation and dampening antiviral immunity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2018; 141 (5):1607-1619.e9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rhiannon B. Werder; Vivian Zhang; Jason Lynch; Natale Snape; John Upham; Kirsten Spann; Simon Phipps. 2018. "Chronic IL-33 expression predisposes to virus-induced asthma exacerbations by increasing type 2 inflammation and dampening antiviral immunity." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 141, no. 5: 1607-1619.e9.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2017 in Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Respiratory syncytial virus–bronchiolitis is a major independent risk factor for subsequent asthma, but the causal mechanisms remain obscure. We identified that transient plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) depletion during primary Pneumovirus infection alone predisposed to severe bronchiolitis in early life and subsequent asthma in later life after reinfection. pDC depletion ablated interferon production and increased viral load; however, the heightened immunopathology and susceptibility to subsequent asthma stemmed from a failure to expand functional neuropilin-1+ regulatory T (T reg) cells in the absence of pDC-derived semaphorin 4a (Sema4a). In adult mice, pDC depletion predisposed to severe bronchiolitis only after antibiotic treatment. Consistent with a protective role for the microbiome, treatment of pDC-depleted neonates with the microbial-derived metabolite propionate promoted Sema4a-dependent T reg cell expansion, ameliorating both diseases. In children with viral bronchiolitis, nasal propionate levels were decreased and correlated with an IL-6high/IL-10low microenvironment. We highlight a common but age-related Sema4a-mediated pathway by which pDCs and microbial colonization induce T reg cell expansion to protect against severe bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.

ACS Style

Jason P. Lynch; Rhiannon B. Werder; Zhixuan Loh; Al Amin Sikder; Bodie Curren; Vivian Zhang; Matthew J. Rogers; Katie Lane; Jennifer Simpson; Stuart Mazzone; Kirsten Spann; John Hayball; Kerrilyn Diener; Mark L. Everard; Christopher Blyth; Christian Forstner; Paul G. Dennis; Nida Murtaza; Mark Morrison; Paraic O Cuiv; Ping Zhang; Ashraful Haque; Geoffrey Hill; Peter D. Sly; John W. Upham; Simon Phipps. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect from viral bronchiolitis and asthma through semaphorin 4a–mediated T reg expansion. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2017, 215, 537 -557.

AMA Style

Jason P. Lynch, Rhiannon B. Werder, Zhixuan Loh, Al Amin Sikder, Bodie Curren, Vivian Zhang, Matthew J. Rogers, Katie Lane, Jennifer Simpson, Stuart Mazzone, Kirsten Spann, John Hayball, Kerrilyn Diener, Mark L. Everard, Christopher Blyth, Christian Forstner, Paul G. Dennis, Nida Murtaza, Mark Morrison, Paraic O Cuiv, Ping Zhang, Ashraful Haque, Geoffrey Hill, Peter D. Sly, John W. Upham, Simon Phipps. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect from viral bronchiolitis and asthma through semaphorin 4a–mediated T reg expansion. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2017; 215 (2):537-557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jason P. Lynch; Rhiannon B. Werder; Zhixuan Loh; Al Amin Sikder; Bodie Curren; Vivian Zhang; Matthew J. Rogers; Katie Lane; Jennifer Simpson; Stuart Mazzone; Kirsten Spann; John Hayball; Kerrilyn Diener; Mark L. Everard; Christopher Blyth; Christian Forstner; Paul G. Dennis; Nida Murtaza; Mark Morrison; Paraic O Cuiv; Ping Zhang; Ashraful Haque; Geoffrey Hill; Peter D. Sly; John W. Upham; Simon Phipps. 2017. "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect from viral bronchiolitis and asthma through semaphorin 4a–mediated T reg expansion." Journal of Experimental Medicine 215, no. 2: 537-557.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a risk factor for subsequent asthma. We showed previously that toll-like receptor (TLR)7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is critical for protection against bronchiolitis and asthma in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), the mouse homolog of RSV. This lack of redundancy was unexpected as interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (IPS-1) signalling, downstream of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and not TLR7 activation, contributes to host defence in hRSV-inoculated adult mice. To further clarify the role of IPS-1 signalling, we inoculated IPS-1-/- and WT mice with PVM in early-life, and again in later-life, to model the association between bronchiolitis and asthma. IPS-1 deficiency predisposed to severe PVM bronchiolitis, characterised by neutrophilic inflammation and necroptotic airway epithelial cell death, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 release, and downstream type-2 inflammation. Secondary infection induced an eosinophilic asthma-like pathophysiology in IPS-1-/- but not WT mice. Mechanistically, we identified that IPS-1 is necessary for pDC recruitment, IFN-α production and viral control. Our findings suggest that TLR7 and RLR signalling work collaboratively to optimally control the host response to pneumovirus infection thereby protecting against viral bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.

ACS Style

Jennifer Simpson; Jason P. Lynch; Zhixuan Loh; Vivian Zhang; Rhiannon B. Werder; Kirsten Spann; Simon Phipps. The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 2353 .

AMA Style

Jennifer Simpson, Jason P. Lynch, Zhixuan Loh, Vivian Zhang, Rhiannon B. Werder, Kirsten Spann, Simon Phipps. The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):2353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer Simpson; Jason P. Lynch; Zhixuan Loh; Vivian Zhang; Rhiannon B. Werder; Kirsten Spann; Simon Phipps. 2017. "The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 2353.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2017 in Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Background.Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection is implicated in exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Research into the pathogenesis of infection is restricted to animal models and information about hMPV replication and inflammatory and immune responses in human disease is limited.Methods.Human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) from healthy, asthmatic and COPD subjects were infected with hMPV, with or without glucocorticosteroids (GCS) exposure. Virus replication, inflammatory and immune responses and apoptosis were analyzed. We also examined if adjuvant interferon (IFN) can blunt hMPV infection in vitro and in a murine model.Results.hMPV infected human PBEC and virus replication was enhanced in cells from patients with COPD. The virus induced ISG56 and IFNβ gene expression, as well as IP-10 and RANTES; more so in COPD. GCS exposure enhanced hMPV replication despite increased IFNs. Augmented virus replication associated with GCS was mediated by reduced apoptosis via induction of anti-apoptotic genes. Adjuvant IFN treatment suppressed hMPV replication in PBEC and reduced hMPV virus titres and inflammation in vivo.Conclusions.hMPV infects human PBEC eliciting innate and inflammatory responses. Replication is enhanced by GCS and adjuvant IFN is an effective treatment, restricting virus replication and pro-inflammatory consequences of hMPV infections.

ACS Style

Keiko Kan-O; Ruben Ramirez; Martin I. Macdonald; Michael Rolph; Penny A. Rudd; Kirsten Spann; Suresh Mahalingam; Philip G. Bardin; Belinda J. Thomas. Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact of Glucocorticosteroids and Interferon. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017, 215, 1536 -1545.

AMA Style

Keiko Kan-O, Ruben Ramirez, Martin I. Macdonald, Michael Rolph, Penny A. Rudd, Kirsten Spann, Suresh Mahalingam, Philip G. Bardin, Belinda J. Thomas. Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact of Glucocorticosteroids and Interferon. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2017; 215 (10):1536-1545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Keiko Kan-O; Ruben Ramirez; Martin I. Macdonald; Michael Rolph; Penny A. Rudd; Kirsten Spann; Suresh Mahalingam; Philip G. Bardin; Belinda J. Thomas. 2017. "Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact of Glucocorticosteroids and Interferon." Journal of Infectious Diseases 215, no. 10: 1536-1545.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2017 in eLife
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although many patients with asthma develop type-2 dominated eosinophilic inflammation, a number of individuals develop paucigranulocytic asthma, which occurs in the absence of eosinophilia or neutrophilia. The aetiology of paucigranulocytic asthma is unknown. However, both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and mutations in the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) are risk factors for asthma development. Here, we show that RAGE deficiency impairs anti-viral immunity during an early-life infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM; a murine analogue of RSV). The elevated viral load was associated with the release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) which triggered airway smooth muscle remodelling in early-life. Re-infection with PVM in later-life induced many of the cardinal features of asthma in the absence of eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation. Anti-HMGB1 mitigated both early-life viral disease and asthma-like features, highlighting HMGB1 as a possible novel therapeutic target.

ACS Style

Jaisy Arikkatt; Ashik Ullah; Kirsty Renfree Short; Vivan Zhang; Wan Jun Gan; Zhixuan Loh; Rhiannon B Werder; Jennifer Simpson; Peter D Sly; Stuart B Mazzone; Kirsten M Spann; Manuel Ar Ferreira; John W Upham; Maria B Sukkar; Simon Phipps. RAGE deficiency predisposes mice to virus-induced paucigranulocytic asthma. eLife 2017, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Jaisy Arikkatt, Ashik Ullah, Kirsty Renfree Short, Vivan Zhang, Wan Jun Gan, Zhixuan Loh, Rhiannon B Werder, Jennifer Simpson, Peter D Sly, Stuart B Mazzone, Kirsten M Spann, Manuel Ar Ferreira, John W Upham, Maria B Sukkar, Simon Phipps. RAGE deficiency predisposes mice to virus-induced paucigranulocytic asthma. eLife. 2017; 6 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaisy Arikkatt; Ashik Ullah; Kirsty Renfree Short; Vivan Zhang; Wan Jun Gan; Zhixuan Loh; Rhiannon B Werder; Jennifer Simpson; Peter D Sly; Stuart B Mazzone; Kirsten M Spann; Manuel Ar Ferreira; John W Upham; Maria B Sukkar; Simon Phipps. 2017. "RAGE deficiency predisposes mice to virus-induced paucigranulocytic asthma." eLife 6, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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We identified a hitherto unrecognized function of IL-33 as a potent suppressor of innate antiviral immunity and demonstrate that IL-33 contributes significantly to the synergistic interplay between respiratory virus and allergen exposures in the onset and progression of asthma.

ACS Style

Jason Lynch; Rhiannon B. Werder; Jennifer Simpson; Zhixuan Loh; Vivian Zhang; Ashraful Haque; Kirsten Spann; Peter D. Sly; Stuart Mazzone; John Upham; Simon Phipps. Aeroallergen-induced IL-33 predisposes to respiratory virus–induced asthma by dampening antiviral immunity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016, 138, 1326 -1337.

AMA Style

Jason Lynch, Rhiannon B. Werder, Jennifer Simpson, Zhixuan Loh, Vivian Zhang, Ashraful Haque, Kirsten Spann, Peter D. Sly, Stuart Mazzone, John Upham, Simon Phipps. Aeroallergen-induced IL-33 predisposes to respiratory virus–induced asthma by dampening antiviral immunity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016; 138 (5):1326-1337.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jason Lynch; Rhiannon B. Werder; Jennifer Simpson; Zhixuan Loh; Vivian Zhang; Ashraful Haque; Kirsten Spann; Peter D. Sly; Stuart Mazzone; John Upham; Simon Phipps. 2016. "Aeroallergen-induced IL-33 predisposes to respiratory virus–induced asthma by dampening antiviral immunity." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 138, no. 5: 1326-1337.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2016 in Journal of Innate Immunity
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Asthmatics are highly susceptible to respiratory viral infections, possibly due to impaired innate immunity. However, the exact mechanisms of susceptibility are likely to differ amongst viruses. Therefore, we infected primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from adults with mild-to-moderate asthma, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in vitro and investigated the antiviral response. NECs from these asthmatics supported elevated hMPV but not RSV infection, compared to non-asthmatic controls. This correlated with reduced apoptosis and reduced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3/7 in response to hMPV, but not RSV. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), a known inhibitor of caspase activation and subsequent apoptosis, was amplified in response to hMPV infection. Chemical inhibition of HSP70 function restored caspase activation and reduced hMPV infection in NECs from asthmatic subjects. There was no impairment in the production of IFN by NECs from asthmatics in response to either hMPV or RSV, demonstrating that increased infection of asthmatic airway cells by hMPV is IFN-independent. This study demonstrates, for the first time, a mechanism for elevated hMPV infection in airway epithelial cells from adult asthmatics and identifies HSP70 as a potential target for antiviral and asthma therapies.

ACS Style

Engin Baturcam; Natale Snape; Tiong Han Yeo; Johanna Schagen; Emma Thomas; Jayden Logan; Sally Galbraith; Natasha Collinson; Simon Phipps; Emmanuelle Fantino; Peter D. Sly; Kirsten M. Spann. Human Metapneumovirus Impairs Apoptosis of Nasal Epithelial Cells in Asthma via HSP70. Journal of Innate Immunity 2016, 9, 52 -64.

AMA Style

Engin Baturcam, Natale Snape, Tiong Han Yeo, Johanna Schagen, Emma Thomas, Jayden Logan, Sally Galbraith, Natasha Collinson, Simon Phipps, Emmanuelle Fantino, Peter D. Sly, Kirsten M. Spann. Human Metapneumovirus Impairs Apoptosis of Nasal Epithelial Cells in Asthma via HSP70. Journal of Innate Immunity. 2016; 9 (1):52-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Engin Baturcam; Natale Snape; Tiong Han Yeo; Johanna Schagen; Emma Thomas; Jayden Logan; Sally Galbraith; Natasha Collinson; Simon Phipps; Emmanuelle Fantino; Peter D. Sly; Kirsten M. Spann. 2016. "Human Metapneumovirus Impairs Apoptosis of Nasal Epithelial Cells in Asthma via HSP70." Journal of Innate Immunity 9, no. 1: 52-64.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Journal of Virology
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It is well established that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) function as attachment factors for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), concentrating virions at the cell surface to promote interaction with other receptors for virus entry and infection. There is increasing evidence to suggest that multiple receptors may exhibit the capacity to promote infectious entry of HMPV into host cells; however, definitive identification of specific transmembrane receptors for HMPV attachment and entry is complicated by the widespread expression of cell surface GAGs. pgsA745 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are deficient in the expression of cell surface GAGs and resistant to HMPV infection. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of the Ca 2+ -dependent C-type lectin receptor (CLR) DC-SIGN (CD209L) or L-SIGN (CD209L) rendered pgsA745 cells permissive to HMPV infection. Unlike infection of parental CHO cells, HMPV infection of pgsA745 cells expressing DC-SIGN or L-SIGN was dynamin dependent and inhibited by mannan but not by pretreatment with bacterial heparinase. Parental CHO cells expressing DC-SIGN/L-SIGN also showed enhanced susceptibility to dynamin-dependent HMPV infection, confirming that CLRs can promote HMPV infection in the presence or absence of GAGs. Comparison of pgsA745 cells expressing wild-type and endocytosis-defective mutants of DC-SIGN/L-SIGN indicated that the endocytic function of CLRs was not essential but could contribute to HMPV infection of GAG-deficient cells. Together, these studies confirm a role for CLRs as attachment factors and entry receptors for HMPV infection. Moreover, they define an experimental system that can be exploited to identify transmembrane receptors and entry pathways where permissivity to HMPV infection can be rescued following the expression of a single cell surface receptor. IMPORTANCE On the surface of CHO cells, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) function as the major attachment factor for human metapneumoviruses (HMPV), promoting dynamin-independent infection. Consistent with this, GAG-deficient pgaA745 CHO cells are resistant to HMPV. However, expression of DC-SIGN or L-SIGN rendered pgsA745 cells permissive to dynamin-dependent infection by HMPV, although the endocytic function of DC-SIGN/L-SIGN was not essential for, but could contribute to, enhanced infection. These studies provide direct evidence implicating DC-SIGN/L-SIGN as an alternate attachment factor for HMPV attachment, promoting dynamin-dependent infection via other unknown receptors in the absence of GAGs. Moreover, we describe a unique experimental system for the assessment of putative attachment and entry receptors for HMPV.

ACS Style

Leah Gillespie; Kathleen Gerstenberg; Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz; Matthew S. Parsons; Rubaiyea Farrukee; Mark Krabbe; Kirsten Spann; Andrew Brooks; Sarah L. Londrigan; Patrick C. Reading. DC-SIGN and L-SIGN Are Attachment Factors That Promote Infection of Target Cells by Human Metapneumovirus in the Presence or Absence of Cellular Glycosaminoglycans. Journal of Virology 2016, 90, 7848 -7863.

AMA Style

Leah Gillespie, Kathleen Gerstenberg, Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz, Matthew S. Parsons, Rubaiyea Farrukee, Mark Krabbe, Kirsten Spann, Andrew Brooks, Sarah L. Londrigan, Patrick C. Reading. DC-SIGN and L-SIGN Are Attachment Factors That Promote Infection of Target Cells by Human Metapneumovirus in the Presence or Absence of Cellular Glycosaminoglycans. Journal of Virology. 2016; 90 (17):7848-7863.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leah Gillespie; Kathleen Gerstenberg; Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz; Matthew S. Parsons; Rubaiyea Farrukee; Mark Krabbe; Kirsten Spann; Andrew Brooks; Sarah L. Londrigan; Patrick C. Reading. 2016. "DC-SIGN and L-SIGN Are Attachment Factors That Promote Infection of Target Cells by Human Metapneumovirus in the Presence or Absence of Cellular Glycosaminoglycans." Journal of Virology 90, no. 17: 7848-7863.

Review
Published: 19 January 2016 in Annals of Global Health
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The airway epithelium is both a physical barrier protecting the airways from environmental insults and a significant component of the innate immune response. There is growing evidence that exposure of the airway epithelium to environmental insults in early life may lead to permanent changes in structure and function that underlie the development of asthma. Here we review the current published evidence concerning the link between asthma and epithelial damage within the airways and identify gaps in knowledge for future studies

ACS Style

Kirsten Spann; Natale Snape; Engin Baturcam; Emmanuelle Fantino. The Impact of Early-Life Exposure to Air-borne Environmental Insults on the Function of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma. Annals of Global Health 2016, 82, 28 -40.

AMA Style

Kirsten Spann, Natale Snape, Engin Baturcam, Emmanuelle Fantino. The Impact of Early-Life Exposure to Air-borne Environmental Insults on the Function of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma. Annals of Global Health. 2016; 82 (1):28-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kirsten Spann; Natale Snape; Engin Baturcam; Emmanuelle Fantino. 2016. "The Impact of Early-Life Exposure to Air-borne Environmental Insults on the Function of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma." Annals of Global Health 82, no. 1: 28-40.