Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most common cause of non-dental pain in the orofacial region. Due to the complex and multifactorial nature of TMD, a multidisciplinary approach is often required. The objective of this narrative review is to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal therapies in the management of TMD. Methods: A literature search was performed using a combination of keywords: “TMD”, “TMJ”, “disorders”, “manual therapy”, “physical therapy”, “dry needling”, “botulinum toxin”, “Botox”, “splint”, and “psychotherapy”. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, focusing on studies involving human subjects. Results: The included studies reported that the use of multimodal approaches—such as physiotherapy, botulinum toxin injections, occlusal splints, and/or psychotherapy—led to symptom improvement or complete resolution in patients with TMD. Conclusions: Temporomandibular disorders are complex conditions with a multifactorial etiology involving both somatic and psychological components. Given the wide range of symptoms and the functional connections of the temporomandibular joint with the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems—including the cervical spine—effective treatment of TMD requires a multidisciplinary strategy.

Bruxism has been defined in recent years and analyzed in detail as the repetitive activity of the muscles of the masticatory system. Both adults and children experience two different forms of bruxism: daytime and nighttime bruxism. According to the WHO, bruxism affects 5% to 50% of the world’s pediatric population. The symptoms of this disease include tooth wear and fractures, temporomandibular disorders, headaches, behavioral and sleep disorders, and parafunctional habits such as nail biting. According to scientists, psychosocial factors are the most likely factors causing bruxism in children. To this day, we do not have established standards of treatment for children, especially for those with disabilities. The issue of bruxism in children with Down syndrome (DS) is still unexplained. Anatomical abnormalities in the facial skeleton, reduced muscle tone, personality traits, and sleep problems in these people may cause the symptoms of bruxism. Our study aimed to present a clinical case of a 13-year-old girl with DS and symptoms of bruxism. Diagnostics and dental examination in children with intellectual disabilities and a lack of understanding of the disease create a great challenge for the treatment team, including the dentist, physiotherapist, psychologist, and family. Creating standards for treating and preventing bruxism symptoms is demanding, among other things, due to the lack of sufficient scientific research.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the manual diaphragmatic relaxation technique and placebo intervention on selected parameters in the neck in smartphone users with non-specific neck pain.Material and methods: A randomized placebo-controlled trial included 38 women. Neck range of motion and pressure pain threshold were assessed in participants who were assigned to the Therapy group or a Placebo group. The intervention consisted of a single manual relaxation of the diaphragm in the supine position. Repeat measurements were taken after the intervention.Results: There was a statistically significant effect of therapy on ROM in both studied groups (p < 0.001; partial η2= 0.58. Statistically significant improvement in the ROM concerned three planes of movement and all analyzed measurements. There were no statistically significant differences in ROM between groups. Comparison of PPT at the level of the 4th cervical vertebra before and after therapy showed significant differences only in the Therapy group (p=0.04, d=0.45). No statistically significant differences in PPT were found between the groups either before or after therapy.Conclusions: Global summary of results does not allow for drawing final conclusions regarding the effect of manual diaphragm release on neck parameters in smartphone users with non-specific NP, taking into account the results of other researchers, diaphragm therapy is recommended for people with NP.

Background: neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder that can lead to significant discomfort and functional impairment. Prolonged static postures and sustained muscle tension associated with smartphone use may contribute to musculoskeletal overload, potentially reducing thoracic mobility and increasing diaphragmatic tension. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of manual diaphragm relaxation on the bioelectrical activity of selected neck and trunk muscles in individuals with nonspecific neck pain who regularly use smartphones.

Aim: The aim of our study is to present the problem of rehabilitation of a patient after endoprosthesis surgery and an attempt to revise the endoprosthesis and then leave the hip hanging.Material and methods: This case study describes an 80-year-old woman who underwent left hip replacement due to primary severe arthrosis.Case report: The patient had undergone an unsuccessful attempt at endoprosthesis revision after multiple dislocation of the prosthesis, which ended in an infection of the surgical wound. The operating team decided to remove the revision endoprosthesis, leaving the hip hanging. The challenge for the treatment team was to rehabilitate the patient, aiming to adapt her to her new situation and make her as independent as possible. The final treatment outcome according to the treatment team was satisfactory. The patient achieved relative independence of movement. At discharge home, she had no symptoms of infection of the infected hip and did not report pain related to the operated hip joint.Summary: Radical hip replacement surgery is a method that provides the patient with a pain-free life and a relative return to independence and function in daily life.

Background: Hip fractures and strokes are prevalent and escalating issues in geriatric healthcare. The absence of standardized surgical protocols for patients with spastic hemiparesis and multiple comorbidities presents a significant medical challenge. Methods: This case study describes a 64-year-old male patient with left-sided hemiparesis and failed surgical treatment of a pertrochanteric fracture in a spastic limb. The patient was admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics in December 2022 for diagnostics and to establish a treatment plan after five months of non-ambulatory status. Results: This study emphasizes the crucial role of preoperative preparation, involving botulinum toxin injections into spastic muscles and physiotherapy, to enhance the supportive function of the paretic limb and improve locomotion before prosthetic surgery. Conclusions: The management of hip fractures in patients with spastic paralysis requires a multidisciplinary approach and the development of standardized treatment protocols. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive pre- and postoperative rehabilitation to improve patient outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized rehabilitation protocols for spastic patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Randomized controlled trials could provide valuable insights into the efficacy of various interventions.