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Prof. Massimo Palme
Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile)

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0 Building Simulation
0 Urban climate
0 Urban Heat Island Mitigation
0 Thermal comfort and environmental quality
0 Climate Change and Built Environment

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Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Urban climate
Climate Change and Built Environment
Building Simulation
Thermal comfort and environmental quality

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Conference paper
Published: 11 May 2021 in Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
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Heat waves could cause severe damages on population health in cities. Exposition to heat in some cases can lead to death, as experimented in many European countries during the heat waves of 2003, that reported a total of about 70,000 deaths. Heat stress is defined as the ratio of evaporation needed to maintain the thermal balance of the human body respect to the maximum of evaporation that could be achieved in specific environmental conditions. It depends on the air temperature, the relative humidity, the mean radiant temperature and the air speed. In indoor conditions, a severe heat stress is defined as the condition when the evaporation rate needed is in the range 40–60% of the maximum. Starting from these conditions, air-conditioning is required. So, heat stress and energy needs of buildings are strictly related. A Green Infrastructure has many benefits for inhabitants of cities. Among them, the reduction of probability of heat stress in both outdoor and indoor conditions. Recent studies underlined also the possible role of the trees in controlling the solar radiation gains of buildings through windows. In this paper we focus on the evaluation of the indoor heat stress index for the case of Santiago de Chile, and its relation with cooling needs a typical building. Then, the reduction of heat stress index and energy needs provided by a raw of trees on West building’s façade is assessed. We tested the benefit obtained by using different species, characterized by different morphology and solar permeability to solar radiation. Trees’ permeability is obtained by fish-eye image analysis done using the Gap Light Analyser software. Building simulations to obtain heat stress index and energy needs are run out using TRNSYS v. 17 software. Results confirm the capability of a GI to reduce indoor heat stress probability and energy needs in a 20–40%.

ACS Style

Massimo Palme. The Effect of a Trees’ Shadows on the Indoor Heat Stress Probability and Buildings’ Cooling Loads Reduction in Santiago de Chile. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 2021, 439 -447.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme. The Effect of a Trees’ Shadows on the Indoor Heat Stress Probability and Buildings’ Cooling Loads Reduction in Santiago de Chile. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 2021; ():439-447.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme. 2021. "The Effect of a Trees’ Shadows on the Indoor Heat Stress Probability and Buildings’ Cooling Loads Reduction in Santiago de Chile." Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , no. : 439-447.

Chapter
Published: 09 April 2021 in Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies
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The increasing urbanisation trend of the last 50 years has drastically changed the landscape worldwide. The majority of world population is now living in cities and urban population growth is still accelerating, especially in developing countries. This chapter introduces the key concepts discussed in this book—i.e. urban heat island, urban climate and urban metabolism—and provides an overview of all the contributions. The fundamental issue discussed in the introduction and throughout the book is the need to overcome current fragmentation between disciplines and knowledge on cities. A new integrated urban science could effectively support the transition of existing cities toward more sustainable environments and also change our way to envision future cities. In this context, even though predicting the future is not possible, urban energy modelling and simulation could be valuable tools to guide the design and planning of future urban environments.

ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. Introduction: Anthropocene or Urbanocene? Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Agnese Salvati. Introduction: Anthropocene or Urbanocene? Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. 2021. "Introduction: Anthropocene or Urbanocene?" Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies , no. : 1-9.

Chapter
Published: 09 April 2021 in Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies
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Urban metabolism is a new field of study, which converges topics from many disciplines, like architecture and planning, urban climatology, urban physics, environmental psychology, sociology, anthropology and engineering. In this chapter the city is studied as a thermodynamic system, focusing on the properties of adaptive, complex open systems to describe the behaviour of such a structure. The general theory of complex systems is presented, and then some hypotheses are formulated to explain the evolutionary process that happens in a city as the result of two big principles operating on the system: one increasing efficiency, and the other increasing diversity. The link between thermodynamics and information theory is explored through the concept of entropy, while the city is interpreted as a negative entropy processor. Urban climate is discussed and interpreted under the same principles. Resilience-oriented urban planning is finally proposed as a need to reconstruct a more dialectical dialogue with nature.

ACS Style

Federico Maria Butera; Massimo Palme. The City as a Complex Thermodynamic System. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies 2021, 13 -22.

AMA Style

Federico Maria Butera, Massimo Palme. The City as a Complex Thermodynamic System. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. 2021; ():13-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federico Maria Butera; Massimo Palme. 2021. "The City as a Complex Thermodynamic System." Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies , no. : 13-22.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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This paper compares the potential for building energy saving of various passive and active strategies and on-site power generation through a grid-connected solar photovoltaic system (SPVS). The case study is a student welfare unit from a university campus located in the tropical climate (Aw) of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The proposed approach aims to identify the most effective energy saving strategy for building retrofit in this climate. For this purpose, we modeled the base line of the building and proposed energy saving scenarios that were evaluated independently. All building simulations were done in OpenStudio-EnergyPlus, while the on-site power generation was carried out using the Homer PRO software. Results indicated that the incorporation of daylighting controls accounted for the highest energy savings of around 20% and 14% in total building energy consumption, and cooling loads, respectively. Also, this strategy provided a reduction of about 35% and 43% in total building energy consumption, and cooling loads, respectively, when combined with triple low-e coating glazing and active measures. On the other hand, the total annual electric energy delivered by the SPVS (output power converter) was 66,590 kWh, from where 48,497 kWh was supplied to the building while the remaining electricity was injected into the grid.

ACS Style

Jaqueline Litardo; Massimo Palme; Rubén Hidalgo-León; Fernando Amoroso; Guillermo Soriano. Energy Saving Strategies and On-Site Power Generation in a University Building from a Tropical Climate. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 542 .

AMA Style

Jaqueline Litardo, Massimo Palme, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Fernando Amoroso, Guillermo Soriano. Energy Saving Strategies and On-Site Power Generation in a University Building from a Tropical Climate. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (2):542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaqueline Litardo; Massimo Palme; Rubén Hidalgo-León; Fernando Amoroso; Guillermo Soriano. 2021. "Energy Saving Strategies and On-Site Power Generation in a University Building from a Tropical Climate." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2: 542.

Chapter
Published: 15 December 2020 in E-Democracy for Smart Cities
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Urban Heat Island (UHI) research has been increasingly impacting science during the last decades. As most of humanity is living in cities, urban climatology is a consolidating field that attract more and more interest with time. Higher temperature in cities are involved in many processes and have impacts on energy needs, thermal comfort, public health and air pollution. Especially in tropical climates, where temperature and humidity ranges are high per se, the impact of urbanization processes can be even deeper. Despite of the high urbanization rates and the climate in which most populated cities of Latin-America are placed, there are only few studies that estimates UHI intensities and proposes mitigation strategies conducted in the region up to now. Here we will briefly look at the most important studies on UHI for tropical cities, then we will describe the pioneer studies that we conducted in the cities of Guayaquil and Durán, Ecuador.

ACS Style

Jaqueline Litardo; Massimo Palme; Mercy Borbor-Cordova; Rommel Caiza; Rubén Hidalgo-Leon; María Del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez; Guillermo Soriano. Urban Heat Island Simulation and Monitoring in the Hot and Humid Climate Cities of Guayaquil and Durán, Ecuador. E-Democracy for Smart Cities 2020, 143 -168.

AMA Style

Jaqueline Litardo, Massimo Palme, Mercy Borbor-Cordova, Rommel Caiza, Rubén Hidalgo-Leon, María Del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez, Guillermo Soriano. Urban Heat Island Simulation and Monitoring in the Hot and Humid Climate Cities of Guayaquil and Durán, Ecuador. E-Democracy for Smart Cities. 2020; ():143-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaqueline Litardo; Massimo Palme; Mercy Borbor-Cordova; Rommel Caiza; Rubén Hidalgo-Leon; María Del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez; Guillermo Soriano. 2020. "Urban Heat Island Simulation and Monitoring in the Hot and Humid Climate Cities of Guayaquil and Durán, Ecuador." E-Democracy for Smart Cities , no. : 143-168.

Review
Published: 15 December 2020 in E-Democracy for Smart Cities
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Urban heat island is a phenomenon affecting cities across the world. While in cold climates it could be regarded as an even beneficious process, in temperate climates and especially in the inter-tropical latitude range, the increase in urban temperature can generate risks for health, outdoor and indoor discomfort, and an increase in buildings energy needs. This chapter provide a state of art review of UHI studies conducted recently in Latin-American area, with special focus on tropical climate cities. First step is determining which big Latin-American cities are placed in tropical or subtropical climates. Then, Journals articles, Book Chapters and Proceedings are investigated to establish the state of art, putting in evidence which kind of methods are used in determining UHI intensities, which impacts are searched, and which mitigation strategies are proposed.

ACS Style

Massimo Palme. Urban Heat Island Studies in Hot and Humid Climates: A Review of the State of Art in Latin-America. E-Democracy for Smart Cities 2020, 123 -141.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme. Urban Heat Island Studies in Hot and Humid Climates: A Review of the State of Art in Latin-America. E-Democracy for Smart Cities. 2020; ():123-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme. 2020. "Urban Heat Island Studies in Hot and Humid Climates: A Review of the State of Art in Latin-America." E-Democracy for Smart Cities , no. : 123-141.

Conference paper
Published: 08 December 2020 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
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Low- and middle-income countries are more exposed to climate change-related impacts than other countries. In Chile, the northern Atacama Desert is sensitive to changes induced by global warming, especially regarding precipitations. The very low level of annual precipitation experimented by this region makes that cities placed there are totally unprepared to face disruptive events, and climatological predictions show that the frequency of such events will increase, such as the intensity of the precipitations during the event. This chapter analyzes the case of the Antofagasta urban system, evaluating the environmental hazard, the social exposure, and the vulnerability to obtain a global risk evaluation of the system. Two neighborhoods exposed to flooding has been considered and studied by different ways, including climatological simulations, multiple criteria analysis, and interviews to assess risk perception of the inhabitants.

ACS Style

Paola Bravo; Massimo Palme; Gabriella De Angelis. Fragility of Urban Systems Facing Flooding: Evaluation of Environmental and Social Risk in Antofagasta, Chile. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2020, 395 -405.

AMA Style

Paola Bravo, Massimo Palme, Gabriella De Angelis. Fragility of Urban Systems Facing Flooding: Evaluation of Environmental and Social Risk in Antofagasta, Chile. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2020; ():395-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paola Bravo; Massimo Palme; Gabriella De Angelis. 2020. "Fragility of Urban Systems Facing Flooding: Evaluation of Environmental and Social Risk in Antofagasta, Chile." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 395-405.

Conference paper
Published: 30 June 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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ACS Style

C Carrasco; M Palme. Urban Form and Urban Materials as Controller of Urban Climate in Valparaiso, Chile. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 503, 1 .

AMA Style

C Carrasco, M Palme. Urban Form and Urban Materials as Controller of Urban Climate in Valparaiso, Chile. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 503 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C Carrasco; M Palme. 2020. "Urban Form and Urban Materials as Controller of Urban Climate in Valparaiso, Chile." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 503, no. : 1.

Articles
Published: 04 January 2020 in Journal of Building Performance Simulation
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The energy performance of urban buildings is affected by multiple climate phenomena such as heat island intensity, wind flow, solar obstructions and infrared radiation exchange in urban canyons, but a modelling procedure to account for all of them in building performance simulation is still missing. This paper contributes to fill this gap by describing a chain strategy to model urban boundary conditions suitable for annual simulations using dynamic thermal simulation tools. The methodology brings together existing physical and empirical climate models and it is applied to 10 case studies in Rome (Italy) and Antofagasta (Chile). The results show that urban climate varies significantly across a city depending on the density of urban texture and its impact on the annual energy demand depends on the region's climate. The urban shadows are crucial in cooling-dominated climates (Antofagasta) while the urban heat island intensity is more important in temperate climates (Rome). Abbreviations: ACH: Air change per hour; BPS: Building Performance Simulation; BS: British Standard; CNV: Controlled natural ventilation; H/W: height-to-width ratio of urban canyons; L/W: length-to-width ratio of urban canyons; UHI: Urban Heat Island; UWG: Urban Weather Generator model

ACS Style

A. Salvati; M. Palme; G. Chiesa; M. Kolokotroni. Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta. Journal of Building Performance Simulation 2020, 13, 209 -225.

AMA Style

A. Salvati, M. Palme, G. Chiesa, M. Kolokotroni. Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta. Journal of Building Performance Simulation. 2020; 13 (2):209-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Salvati; M. Palme; G. Chiesa; M. Kolokotroni. 2020. "Built form, urban climate and building energy modelling: case-studies in Rome and Antofagasta." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 13, no. 2: 209-225.

Editorial
Published: 02 January 2020 in Sustainability
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The concept of urban metabolism was introduced by Wolman in 1965

ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. Sustainability and Urban Metabolism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 353 .

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Agnese Salvati. Sustainability and Urban Metabolism. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Agnese Salvati. 2020. "Sustainability and Urban Metabolism." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 353.

Conference paper
Published: 06 September 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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The Urbanocene, a proposed new geological epoch characterized by the urban living condition, is pressing the humanity to respond shortly to important challenges. Cities are at the same time the places where we live in and the big dissipators of the final energy to the environment. The simultaneous rules of heat dissipator and place to live are quite contradictory, because of the increasing temperatures of the dissipator surfaces, phenomenon known as Urban Heat Island (UHI). Mediterranean climates should suffer, in the next years, changes in the thermal needs of buildings and in the outdoor comfort sensations. A change in the energy demand from heating to cooling is probable and overheating reduction could be a priority in the future. Many mitigation strategies of UHI are being discussed in these years, such as the city greening, the use of cool materials for roofs and soils, the reduction of automobile dependence, the shift to new urban morphologies. In this paper an evaluation of impacts of different possible strategies is done, by using computational simulations for various sectors of Rome and Valparaiso. Results show the importance of greening and traffic reduction to achieve better comfort; while to reduce building energy consumption changes in urban morphology and traffic are suggested as the best strategies.

ACS Style

M Palme; Carola Clemente; M Cellurale; C Carrasco; A Salvati. Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island intensity in Mediterranean climates: simulation studies in Rome (Italy) and Valparaiso (Chile). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 323, 012025 .

AMA Style

M Palme, Carola Clemente, M Cellurale, C Carrasco, A Salvati. Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island intensity in Mediterranean climates: simulation studies in Rome (Italy) and Valparaiso (Chile). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 323 (1):012025.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Palme; Carola Clemente; M Cellurale; C Carrasco; A Salvati. 2019. "Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island intensity in Mediterranean climates: simulation studies in Rome (Italy) and Valparaiso (Chile)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 323, no. 1: 012025.

Chapter
Published: 24 February 2019 in Urban Climates in Latin America
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Sustainable urbanization remains one of the central challenges for South America. Cities of this region are expanding very fast and this impressive urban growth has a significant impact on the environment, on energy consumption, and on public health. This chapter explores the urban heat island (UHI) effect on the climate of Guayaquil, Lima, Antofagasta, and Valparaíso. These four cities are important urban centers on the Pacific coast of South America. The UHI effect is simulated by using the Urban Weather Generator tool (UWG), a coupled atmospheric–building simulation model that uses urban form parameters to transform rural weather files into urban weather files. Urban form parameters considered in the analysis are the built-up ratio, the facade ratio and the green area ratio, obtained for 24 one-hectare random samples and running a principal component analysis and a k-mean cluster to group them. Simulation results show the presence of a UHI effect that varies between 2 and 5 °C during the night and a more dispersed situation during the day. Valparaíso and Guayaquil seem to have higher UHI than Lima and Antofagasta, probably because of the difference in the temperature ranges (higher maximum temperatures). Some hypotheses regarding the influence of the Pacific Ocean, such as urban form, heat generation in the street, building energy use, impervious materials on the resulting UHI effect are formulated and discussed, along with an estimation of the impact on the built environment looking at energy consumption, comfort felt by users, and vulnerability to heat waves.

ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Geovanna Villacreses; Claudio Carrasco; Andrea Lobato. Urban Climate in the South American Coastal Cities of Guayaquil, Lima, Antofagasta, and Valparaíso, and Its Impacts on the Energy Efficiency of Buildings. Urban Climates in Latin America 2019, 33 -62.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Luis Inostroza, Geovanna Villacreses, Claudio Carrasco, Andrea Lobato. Urban Climate in the South American Coastal Cities of Guayaquil, Lima, Antofagasta, and Valparaíso, and Its Impacts on the Energy Efficiency of Buildings. Urban Climates in Latin America. 2019; ():33-62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Geovanna Villacreses; Claudio Carrasco; Andrea Lobato. 2019. "Urban Climate in the South American Coastal Cities of Guayaquil, Lima, Antofagasta, and Valparaíso, and Its Impacts on the Energy Efficiency of Buildings." Urban Climates in Latin America , no. : 33-62.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2018 in Building Research & Information
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ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Agnese Salvati. Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship? Building Research & Information 2018, 46, 864 -880.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Luis Inostroza, Agnese Salvati. Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship? Building Research & Information. 2018; 46 (8):864-880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Agnese Salvati. 2018. "Technomass and cooling demand in South America: a superlinear relationship?" Building Research & Information 46, no. 8: 864-880.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2017 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Urban heat island effect often produces an increase of overheating sensation inside of buildings. To evacuate this heat, the current use of air conditioning increases the energy consumption of buildings. As a good alternative, natural ventilation is one of the best strategies to obtain indoor comfort conditions, even in summer season, if buildings and urban designs are appropriated. In this work, the overheating risk of a small house is evaluated in four South American cities: Guayaquil, Lima, Antofagasta and Valparaíso, with and without considering the UHI effect. Then, natural ventilation is assessed in order to understand the capability of this passive strategy to assure comfort inside the house. Results show that an important portion of the indoor heat can be evacuated, however the temperature rising (especially during the night) due to UHI can generate a saturation effect if appropriate technical solutions, like the increase in the air speed that can be obtained with good urban design, are not considered.

ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Claudio Carrasco; Miguel Ángel Gálvez; Luis Inostroza. Natural Ventilation: A Mitigation Strategy to Reduce Overheating In Buildings under Urban Heat Island Effect in South American Cities. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 72046 .

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Claudio Carrasco, Miguel Ángel Gálvez, Luis Inostroza. Natural Ventilation: A Mitigation Strategy to Reduce Overheating In Buildings under Urban Heat Island Effect in South American Cities. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 ():72046.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Claudio Carrasco; Miguel Ángel Gálvez; Luis Inostroza. 2017. "Natural Ventilation: A Mitigation Strategy to Reduce Overheating In Buildings under Urban Heat Island Effect in South American Cities." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. : 72046.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2017 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Although Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a fundamental effect modifying the urban climate, being widely studied, the relative weight of the parameters involved in its generation is still not clear. This paper investigates the hierarchy of importance of eight parameters responsible for UHI intensity in the Mediterranean context. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out using the Urban Weather Generator model, considering the range of variability of: 1) city radius, 2) urban morphology, 3) tree coverage, 4) anthropogenic heat from vehicles, 5) building's cooling set point, 6) heat released to canyon from HVAC systems, 7) wall construction properties and 8) albedo of vertical and horizontal surfaces. Results show a clear hierarchy of significance among the considered parameters; the urban morphology is the most important variable, causing a relative change up to 120% of the annual average UHI intensity in the Mediterranean context. The impact of anthropogenic sources of heat such as cooling systems and vehicles is also significant. These results suggest that urban morphology parameters can be used as descriptors of the climatic performance of different urban areas, easing the work of urban planners and designers in understanding a complex physical phenomenon, such as the UHI.

ACS Style

Agnese Salvati; Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza. Key Parameters for Urban Heat Island Assessment in A Mediterranean Context: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the Urban Weather Generator Model. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 82055 .

AMA Style

Agnese Salvati, Massimo Palme, Luis Inostroza. Key Parameters for Urban Heat Island Assessment in A Mediterranean Context: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the Urban Weather Generator Model. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (8):82055.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnese Salvati; Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza. 2017. "Key Parameters for Urban Heat Island Assessment in A Mediterranean Context: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the Urban Weather Generator Model." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 8: 82055.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2017 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The urban heat island phenomenon shows that the city changes the climate of the planet and affects it negatively by favouring the global warming. Urban morphology and city metabolism defines this behaviour. The city of Valparaíso, Chile, located in coastal Mediterranean climate in southern hemisphere is a city with around 295,000 inhabitants. In this research, the differences between UHI phenomenon in winters of 2007 and 2016 are evaluated. The city presented a temperature difference of 4.6 °C between the outskirts and the urban centre as a manifestation of this phenomenon, in 2007. By 2016 the city in population not increases and has had small morphological variations; the city presents an average temperature difference of 5.2 ° C between the outskirts and the urban centre as manifestation of urban heat island. This higher temperature occurs in the higher density built area, mainly of offices buildings. Here is the highest density of metabolic activity of the city, same as 2007.

ACS Style

Claudio Carrasco; Massimo Palme; Miguel Angel Galvez; Luis Inostroza; Uriel Padilla; Andrés Fonseca. Urban Heat Island of Valparaíso, Chile - A Comparison between 2007 and 2016. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 72036 .

AMA Style

Claudio Carrasco, Massimo Palme, Miguel Angel Galvez, Luis Inostroza, Uriel Padilla, Andrés Fonseca. Urban Heat Island of Valparaíso, Chile - A Comparison between 2007 and 2016. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 ():72036.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Carrasco; Massimo Palme; Miguel Angel Galvez; Luis Inostroza; Uriel Padilla; Andrés Fonseca. 2017. "Urban Heat Island of Valparaíso, Chile - A Comparison between 2007 and 2016." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. : 72036.

Conference paper
Published: 01 October 2017 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The aim of this research is to simulate the performance of a solar chimney located in different macro-zones in Ecuador. The proposed solar chimney model was simulated using a python script in order to predict the temperature distribution and the mass flow over time. The results obtained were firstly compared with experimental data for dry-warm climate. Then, the model was evaluated and tested in real weather conditions: dry-warm, moist-warm and rainy-cold. In addition, the assumed chimney dimensions were chosen according to the literature for the studied conditions. In spite of evaluating the best nightly ventilation, different chimney wall materials were tested: solid brick, common brick and reinforced concrete. The results showed that concrete in a dry-warm climate, a metallic layer on the gap with solid brick in a moist–warm climate and reinforced concrete in a rainy cold climate used for the absorbent wall improve the thermal inertia of the social housing.

ACS Style

Luis Godoy-Vaca; Manuel Almaguer; Javier Martínez; Andrea Lobato; Massimo Palme. Analysis of Solar Chimneys in Different Climate Zones - Case of Social Housing in Ecuador. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 72045 .

AMA Style

Luis Godoy-Vaca, Manuel Almaguer, Javier Martínez, Andrea Lobato, Massimo Palme. Analysis of Solar Chimneys in Different Climate Zones - Case of Social Housing in Ecuador. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 (7):72045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Godoy-Vaca; Manuel Almaguer; Javier Martínez; Andrea Lobato; Massimo Palme. 2017. "Analysis of Solar Chimneys in Different Climate Zones - Case of Social Housing in Ecuador." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. 7: 72045.

Data article
Published: 31 August 2017 in Data in Brief
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This data article presents files supporting calculation for urban heat island (UHI) inclusion in building performance simulation (BPS). Methodology is used in the research article “From urban climate to energy consumption. Enhancing building performance simulation by including the urban heat island effect” (Palme et al., 2017) [1]. In this research, a Geographical Information System (GIS) study is done in order to statistically represent the most important urban scenarios of four South-American cities (Guayaquil, Lima, Antofagasta and Valparaíso). Then, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is done to obtain reference Urban Tissues Categories (UTC) to be used in urban weather simulation. The urban weather files are generated by using the Urban Weather Generator (UWG) software (version 4.1 beta). Finally, BPS is run out with the Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) software (version 17). In this data paper, four sets of data are presented: 1) PCA data (excel) to explain how to group different urban samples in representative UTC; 2) UWG data (text) to reproduce the Urban Weather Generation for the UTC used in the four cities (4 UTC in Lima, Guayaquil, Antofagasta and 5 UTC in Valparaíso); 3) weather data (text) with the resulting rural and urban weather; 4) BPS models (text) data containing the TRNSYS models (four building models).

ACS Style

M. Palme; Luis Inostroza; Geovanna Villacreses; A. Lobato; C. Carrasco. Urban weather data and building models for the inclusion of the urban heat island effect in building performance simulation. Data in Brief 2017, 14, 671 -675.

AMA Style

M. Palme, Luis Inostroza, Geovanna Villacreses, A. Lobato, C. Carrasco. Urban weather data and building models for the inclusion of the urban heat island effect in building performance simulation. Data in Brief. 2017; 14 ():671-675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Palme; Luis Inostroza; Geovanna Villacreses; A. Lobato; C. Carrasco. 2017. "Urban weather data and building models for the inclusion of the urban heat island effect in building performance simulation." Data in Brief 14, no. : 671-675.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Geovanna Villacreses; Andrea Lobato Cordero; C. Carrasco. From urban climate to energy consumption. Enhancing building performance simulation by including the urban heat island effect. Energy and Buildings 2017, 145, 107 -120.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Luis Inostroza, Geovanna Villacreses, Andrea Lobato Cordero, C. Carrasco. From urban climate to energy consumption. Enhancing building performance simulation by including the urban heat island effect. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 145 ():107-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Luis Inostroza; Geovanna Villacreses; Andrea Lobato Cordero; C. Carrasco. 2017. "From urban climate to energy consumption. Enhancing building performance simulation by including the urban heat island effect." Energy and Buildings 145, no. : 107-120.

Book chapter
Published: 14 December 2016 in Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy
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Ecuador is a small country with high-frequency climatic variability. The principal macroclimatic regions are the Amazon rainforest, with a hot and humid climate; the tropical coast, also with a hot and humid climate; and the highlands, with a tropical mountain climate. The government is working on policies regarding the energy efficiency of all kinds of buildings. In 2011, the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MIDUVI), in a design competition called ‘Dwellings for Climate Change’, selected three residential house typologies, one for each macroclimatic emplacement in the country. The winner dwellings were designed considering passive architecture concepts; however, some simulation studies conducted by the National Institute of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in 2014 showed that in many cases the new design proposals have poorer performance than the standard dwelling typically seen in Ecuador for all climatic emplacements. To validate the simulation results, new simulations were conducted using current weather data. The output searched was the total discomfort sensation instead of the thermal demand or energy consumption (heuristic). In addition, global warming was taken into account by simulating future situations in the A2 scenario proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Future climate was modelled using the Climate Change World Weather Files Generator developed by the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. Results show that building design in Ecuador is influenced by standards that come from colder countries. This fact leads to generally poor result in terms of natural cooling performance, even in the actual climate. Global warming and urban development, especially in the coastal region, will increase cooling needs, so building design guidelines for Ecuador will have to be reconsidered and focus in particular on heat evacuation problems instead of heating demand reduction.

ACS Style

Massimo Palme; Andrea Lobato. Robustness of Residential Houses in Ecuador in the Face of Global Warming: Prototyping and Simulation Studies in the Amazon, Coastal and Andes Macroclimatic Regions. Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy 2016, 423 -428.

AMA Style

Massimo Palme, Andrea Lobato. Robustness of Residential Houses in Ecuador in the Face of Global Warming: Prototyping and Simulation Studies in the Amazon, Coastal and Andes Macroclimatic Regions. Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy. 2016; ():423-428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Palme; Andrea Lobato. 2016. "Robustness of Residential Houses in Ecuador in the Face of Global Warming: Prototyping and Simulation Studies in the Amazon, Coastal and Andes Macroclimatic Regions." Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy , no. : 423-428.