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In this survey, the objective is to identify current trends in the smart grid research by exploring the work carried out in numerous smart grid labs worldwide. For this purpose, a large number of smart grid labs are identified, and a short description of their activities is given. Fifty‐eight out of the 75 identified labs are located in Europe. Smart grid research is divided into categories, which represent popular topics of research in the field. The predominant category of research is identified to be generation and distributed energy resources (Gen & DER) with 91% of the labs conducting research in this field. Aggregated information is presented regarding the labs, providing a clear idea of the topics of research carried out. Connections between different topics of research are presented, which reveal synergies or collaboration gaps among various smart grid topics. Grid management and Gen & DER and energy storage and Gen & DER have been found to be popular combinations of topics with 55 labs active in both, respectively. In addition, we provide insights on the entities at which research is targeted and consider the evolution of publications produced by the labs on the different categories. An overall increase in publications was observed over the past 11 years in virtually all categories of smart grid research with the most published scientific papers in Gen & DER and electromobility. Collaborations between research institutes have been analyzed, pointing out existing joint research conducted and the huge potential to explore synergies between institutes further. Our work is useful in order to identify the smart grid areas where research is focusing on. This gives a clear picture of potential synergies between labs for knowledge sharing and enhancing their research efforts.
Luca Lena Jansen; Nikoleta Andreadou; Ioulia Papaioannou; Antonios Marinopoulos. Smart grid lab research in Europe and beyond. International Journal of Energy Research 2019, 44, 1307 -1336.
AMA StyleLuca Lena Jansen, Nikoleta Andreadou, Ioulia Papaioannou, Antonios Marinopoulos. Smart grid lab research in Europe and beyond. International Journal of Energy Research. 2019; 44 (3):1307-1336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Lena Jansen; Nikoleta Andreadou; Ioulia Papaioannou; Antonios Marinopoulos. 2019. "Smart grid lab research in Europe and beyond." International Journal of Energy Research 44, no. 3: 1307-1336.
Demand response services and energy communities are set to be vital in bringing citizens to the core of the energy transition. The success of load flexibility integration in the electricity market, provided by demand response services, will depend on a redesign or adaptation of the current regulatory framework, which so far only reaches large industrial electricity users. However, due to the high contribution of the residential sector to electricity consumption, there is huge potential when considering the aggregated load flexibility of this sector. Nevertheless, challenges remain in load flexibility estimation and attaining data integrity while respecting consumer privacy. This study presents a methodology to estimate such flexibility by integrating a non-intrusive load monitoring approach to load disaggregation algorithms in order to train a machine-learning model. We then apply a categorization of loads and develop flexibility criteria, targeting each load flexibility amplitude with a corresponding time. Two datasets, Residential Energy Disaggregation Dataset (REDD) and Refit, are used to simulate the flexibility for a specific household, applying it to a grid balancing event request. Two algorithms are used for load disaggregation, Combinatorial Optimization, and a Factorial Hidden Markov model, and the U.K. demand response Short Term Operating Reserve (STOR) program is used for market integration. Results show a maximum flexibility power of 200–245 W and 180–500 W for the REDD and Refit datasets, respectively. The accuracy metrics of the flexibility models are presented, and results are discussed considering market barriers.
Alexandre Lucas; Luca Jansen; Nikoleta Andreadou; Evangelos Kotsakis; Marcelo Masera. Load Flexibility Forecast for DR Using Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring in the Residential Sector. Energies 2019, 12, 2725 .
AMA StyleAlexandre Lucas, Luca Jansen, Nikoleta Andreadou, Evangelos Kotsakis, Marcelo Masera. Load Flexibility Forecast for DR Using Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring in the Residential Sector. Energies. 2019; 12 (14):2725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandre Lucas; Luca Jansen; Nikoleta Andreadou; Evangelos Kotsakis; Marcelo Masera. 2019. "Load Flexibility Forecast for DR Using Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring in the Residential Sector." Energies 12, no. 14: 2725.
Interoperability is a challenge for the realisation of smart grids. In this work, we apply the methodology for interoperability testing and the design of experiments developed at the Smart Grids Interoperability Laboratory of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission on a simple use case. The methodology is based on the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) of CEN/CENELEC/ETSI and includes the concept of Basic Application Profiles (BAP) and Basic Application Interoperability Profiles (BAIOP). The relevant elements of the methodology are the design of experiments and the sensitivity/uncertainty analysis, which can reveal the limits of a system under test and give valuable feedback about the critical conditions which do not guarantee interoperability. The design and analysis of experiments employed in the Joint Research Centre (JRC) methodology supply information about the crucial parameters that either lead to an acceptable system performance or to a failure of interoperability. The use case on which the methodology is applied describes the interaction between a data concentrator and one or more smart meters. Experimental results are presented that show the applicability of the methodology and the design of experiments in practice. The system is tested under different conditions by varying two parameters: the rate at which meter data are requested by the data concentrator and the number of smart meters connected to the data concentrator. With this use case example the JRC methodology is illustrated at work, and its effectiveness for testing interoperability of a system under stress conditions is highlighted.
Nikoleta Andreadou; Alexandre Lucas; Stefano Tarantola; Ioannis Poursanidis. Design of Experiments in the Methodology for Interoperability Testing: Evaluating AMI Message Exchange. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1221 .
AMA StyleNikoleta Andreadou, Alexandre Lucas, Stefano Tarantola, Ioannis Poursanidis. Design of Experiments in the Methodology for Interoperability Testing: Evaluating AMI Message Exchange. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (6):1221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikoleta Andreadou; Alexandre Lucas; Stefano Tarantola; Ioannis Poursanidis. 2019. "Design of Experiments in the Methodology for Interoperability Testing: Evaluating AMI Message Exchange." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6: 1221.
Interoperability is a challenge for the realisation of smart grids. In this work, we first present an interoperability testing methodology, which is substantial to perform interoperability tests for the smart grid. To show its applicability and facilitate its comprehension, we present an example by applying it on a Demand Side Management (DSM) use case. The DSM use case is chosen because it is a major topic for modern grids and it involves the participation of many actors. The tutorial exemplifies the interactions among those actors. The Smart Grid Architecture Model SGAM framework is used, where the mapping of the use case is presented along with the Message Sequence Chart (MSC). Then we describe the profiling of the equipment, relevant technical information and standards, which form the basis for the design and execution of the interoperability tests. We focus on the technical part of the interoperability testing; therefore, attention is focused on the information and communication layer. We present how the interoperability tests should take place and we analytically show the respective Test Cases (TC). The verdict of the test should be either PASS or FAIL. The paper shows how to successfully use the methodology for interoperability testing on a specific use case, whereas its applicability can be extended to any smart grid interoperability use case.
Nikoleta Andreadou; Ioulia Papaioannou; Marcelo Masera. Interoperability Testing Methodology for Smart Grids and Its Application on a DSM Use Case—A Tutorial. Energies 2018, 12, 8 .
AMA StyleNikoleta Andreadou, Ioulia Papaioannou, Marcelo Masera. Interoperability Testing Methodology for Smart Grids and Its Application on a DSM Use Case—A Tutorial. Energies. 2018; 12 (1):8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikoleta Andreadou; Ioulia Papaioannou; Marcelo Masera. 2018. "Interoperability Testing Methodology for Smart Grids and Its Application on a DSM Use Case—A Tutorial." Energies 12, no. 1: 8.
Narrowband Power Line Communication (NB-PLC) plays a key role in the deployment of smart grid, since it is a widely spread technology for smart grid applications and systems, like the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system. In this paper, we study the characteristics of the NB-PLC channel and noise. A method is proposed to estimate the occurrence and duration of the dominant category of noise, the periodic impulsive noise, which greatly degrades the signal quality. A technique is proposed to mitigate the noise effect, with the use of Luby Transform (LT) codes. The proposed scheme exploits the features of the dominant noise on the NB-PLC channel and mitigates its effect especially in highly noisy environments. An estimation algorithm of the burst time occurrence and its duration is introduced. The system can estimate these parameters with an accuracy in the range of 10−4 and it can work even without channel state information. The proposed scheme is compared to two popular NB-PLC technologies, namely the PRIME and G3-PLC, whereas the results show that it can be very effective under severe noise conditions.
Nikoleta Andreadou; Gianluca Fulli. NB-PLC channel: Estimation of periodic impulsive noise parameters and mitigation techniques. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2018, 103, 146 -158.
AMA StyleNikoleta Andreadou, Gianluca Fulli. NB-PLC channel: Estimation of periodic impulsive noise parameters and mitigation techniques. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2018; 103 ():146-158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikoleta Andreadou; Gianluca Fulli. 2018. "NB-PLC channel: Estimation of periodic impulsive noise parameters and mitigation techniques." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 103, no. : 146-158.
Evangelos Kotsakis; Alexandre Lucas; Nikoleta Andreadou; Gianluca Fulli; Marcelo Masera. Recent research conducted at the SGILab towards an efficient and interoperable smart grid. 2018 AEIT International Annual Conference 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleEvangelos Kotsakis, Alexandre Lucas, Nikoleta Andreadou, Gianluca Fulli, Marcelo Masera. Recent research conducted at the SGILab towards an efficient and interoperable smart grid. 2018 AEIT International Annual Conference. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEvangelos Kotsakis; Alexandre Lucas; Nikoleta Andreadou; Gianluca Fulli; Marcelo Masera. 2018. "Recent research conducted at the SGILab towards an efficient and interoperable smart grid." 2018 AEIT International Annual Conference , no. : 1.
Smart grid interoperability is the driving force for integrating new components and technologies into the electricity grid of the future. Interoperability is an essential requirement for the smart grid allowing different subsystems and services to produce the expected results. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) plays an important role as it provides insights on load demand patterns. This paper proposes an Absolute Scoring Scheme for supporting interoperability testing activities. The Scoring Scheme aims at quantifying the capacity of components of interest, i.e. Data Concentrators (DCs) and Smart Meters (SMs) to interoperate. The larger the pool of devices tested the more accurate and reliable the scoring scheme turns to be; creating a reliable big picture of the assessed market of components. A Test Verdict Tracing Scheme supporting interoperability testing activities is proposed too. This work has been developed at the Smart Grid Interoperability Laboratory (SGI Lab) of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.
Ioannis Poursanidis; Evangelos Kotsakis; Nikoleta Andreadou; Marcelo Masera. Evaluation of Interoperability in the Context of Advanced Metering Infrastructure. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) 2018, 121 -127.
AMA StyleIoannis Poursanidis, Evangelos Kotsakis, Nikoleta Andreadou, Marcelo Masera. Evaluation of Interoperability in the Context of Advanced Metering Infrastructure. 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE). 2018; ():121-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoannis Poursanidis; Evangelos Kotsakis; Nikoleta Andreadou; Marcelo Masera. 2018. "Evaluation of Interoperability in the Context of Advanced Metering Infrastructure." 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE) , no. : 121-127.
Ioannis Poursanidis; Nikoleta Andreadou; Evangelos Kotsakis; Marcelo Masera. Absolute Scoring Scheme for Interoperability Testing of Advanced Metering Infrastructure on Demand Side Management. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction 2018, 391 -392.
AMA StyleIoannis Poursanidis, Nikoleta Andreadou, Evangelos Kotsakis, Marcelo Masera. Absolute Scoring Scheme for Interoperability Testing of Advanced Metering Infrastructure on Demand Side Management. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. 2018; ():391-392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoannis Poursanidis; Nikoleta Andreadou; Evangelos Kotsakis; Marcelo Masera. 2018. "Absolute Scoring Scheme for Interoperability Testing of Advanced Metering Infrastructure on Demand Side Management." Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction , no. : 391-392.
The modernization of the distribution grid requires a huge amount of data to be transmitted and handled by the network. The deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems results in an increased traffic generated by smart meters. In this work, we examine the smart meter traffic that needs to be accommodated by a real distribution system. Parameters such as the message size and the message transmission frequency are examined and their effect on traffic is showed. Limitations of the system are presented, such as the buffer capacity needs and the maximum message size that can be communicated. For this scope, we have used the parameters of a real distribution network, based on a survey at which the European Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have participated. For the smart meter traffic, we have used two popular specifications, namely the G3-PLC–“G3 Power Line communication” and PRIME–acronym for “PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution”, to simulate the characteristics of a system that is widely used in practice. The results can be an insight for further development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems that control and monitor the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid. The paper presents an analysis towards identifying the needs of distribution networks with respect to telecommunication data as well as the main parameters that can affect the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) system performance. Identifying such parameters is consequently beneficial to designing more efficient ICT systems for Advanced Metering Infrastructure.
Nikoleta Andreadou; Evangelos Kotsakis; Marcelo Masera. Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network. Energies 2018, 11, 1156 .
AMA StyleNikoleta Andreadou, Evangelos Kotsakis, Marcelo Masera. Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikoleta Andreadou; Evangelos Kotsakis; Marcelo Masera. 2018. "Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network." Energies 11, no. 5: 1156.
Current decarbonisation goals have, in recent years, led to a tremendous increase in electricity production generated from intermittent Renewable Energy Sources. Despite their contribution to reducing society’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions they have been responsible for numerous challenges that the current electricity grid has to cope with. Flexibility has become a key mechanism to help in mitigating them. Real-time informed consumers can offer the needed flexibility through modifying their behaviour or by engaging with Demand Side Management (DSM) programs. The latter requires the intervention of several actors and levels of communication management which makes this task difficult from an implementation perspective. With this aim we built and tested a small scale system in our lab which represents a real end-to-end system from the consumer to the energy provider. We programmed the system according to the Object Identification System (OBIS) specification to obtain consumers’ consumption through smart meters with high frequency (one minute). This allows remote control of their appliances in order to reduce the total neighbourhood consumption during critical time periods of the day (peak time). These results and the realisation of a realistic end-to-end system open the way to more complex tests and particularly to the possibility of benchmarking them with other lab tests.
Nikoleta Andreadou; Yannis Soupionis; Fausto Bonavitacola; Giuseppe Prettico. A DSM Test Case Applied on an End-to-End System, from Consumer to Energy Provider. Sustainability 2018, 10, 935 .
AMA StyleNikoleta Andreadou, Yannis Soupionis, Fausto Bonavitacola, Giuseppe Prettico. A DSM Test Case Applied on an End-to-End System, from Consumer to Energy Provider. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikoleta Andreadou; Yannis Soupionis; Fausto Bonavitacola; Giuseppe Prettico. 2018. "A DSM Test Case Applied on an End-to-End System, from Consumer to Energy Provider." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 935.