Hydrogen's potential as a clean energy carrier is increasingly recognized, but its storage remains a significant challenge. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) stands out as an efficient hydrogen storage medium due to its high gravimetric capacity and safety profile. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the research progress in NaBH4 hydrolysis for hydrogen production from 2004 to 2024. This paper discusses the advantages of NaBH4, including its high hydrogen yield, stability, controlled hydrogen release, and potential for regeneration into NaBH4 from the by-product sodium metaborate. This review surveys various catalysts used to enhance the hydrolysis reaction, such as cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, and noble metals, emphasizing their efficiency, recyclability, and economic viability. It also examines the influence of reaction conditions like temperature, pH, and NaBH4 concentration on the hydrolysis process. Additives and modifiers that improve reaction kinetics and hydrogen yield are also discussed. This paper further explores the regeneration and recycling of NaBH4, which is crucial for a sustainable hydrogen economy. It outlines three main approaches: thermochemical, mechanochemical, and electrochemical methods, each with its advantages and challenges. In conclusion, NaBH4 is a compelling hydrogen storage material with ongoing research aimed at overcoming the remaining challenges for its large-scale application. The development of more efficient and sustainable NaBH4 regeneration methods is essential for the future of clean energy.

The individual extraction of a Brillouin Stokes line from a 20 GHz comb generated from the compact configuration of a multiwavelength Brillouin fiber ring laser configuration has been achieved using an ultranarrow bandwidth (UNB) optical filter. The narrowest bandwidth transmission of a UNB optical filter that is 50 pm is used in order to get particular Stokes. The Stokes filtered is in the wavelength range of 1549.768–1551.016 nm. High SNR within the range of 54.97–11.73 dB with almost nil peak power loss being obtained was monitored by a 0.16 pm optical spectrum analyzer, giving convincing results. Relatively, the proposed configuration could provide wide tunability and narrow selection of the Brillouin Stokes.

Online activities have become the norm in today's society; therefore, it is necessary to investigate addictive internet usage especially among students. In this study, a total of 75 students aged 18-19 years old were randomly selected among the pre-university students as the respondents. They were required to fill in questionnaires, which included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and demographic information such as gender and parental monitoring. However, five questionnaires were excluded due to the missing values. Overall, the findings indicated rates of internet addiction at 52.86%, with severe addiction at 1.43%. While severe internet addiction is not common, moderate internet addiction seems to be, as it was reported at 51.43%. Additionally, internet addiction was higher among males compared to females (72% vs 42%). The three highest-ranked online activities were school work (100%), entertainment (100%) and social networking (97.14%). Overall, parental monitoring significantly impacted the rates of internet addiction. Hence, parental monitoring needs to be considered when designing and implementing interventions for internet addiction.