Mass-spectrometry-based and X-ray fluorescence-based techniques have allowed the study of the distribution of Zn²⁺ ions at extracellular and intracellular levels over the past few years. However, there are some issues during purification steps, sample preparation, suitability for quantification, and the instruments’ availability. Therefore, work on fluorescent sensors based on 8-aminoquinoline as tools to detect Zn²⁺ ions in environmental and biological applications has been popular. Introducing various carboxamide groups into an 8-aminoquinoline molecule to create 8-amidoquinoline derivatives to improve water solubility and cell membrane permeability is also a recent trend. This review aims to present a general overview of the fluorophore 8-aminoquinoline and its derivatives as Zn²⁺ receptors for zinc sensor probes. Various fluorescent chemosensor designs based on 8-amidoquinoline and their effectiveness and potential as a recognition probe for zinc analysis were discussed. Based on this review, it can be concluded that derivatives of 8-amidoquinoline have vast potential as functional receptors for zinc ions primarily because of their fast reactivity, good selectivity, and bio-compatibility, especially for biological applications. To better understand the Zn²⁺ ion fluorophores’ function, diversity of the coordination complex and geometries need further studies. This review provides information in elucidating, designing, and exploring new 8-amidoquinoline derivatives for future studies for the improvement of chemosensors that are selective and sensitive to Zn²⁺.

Online activities have become the norm in today's society; therefore, it is necessary to investigate addictive internet usage especially among students. In this study, a total of 75 students aged 18-19 years old were randomly selected among the pre-university students as the respondents. They were required to fill in questionnaires, which included the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and demographic information such as gender and parental monitoring. However, five questionnaires were excluded due to the missing values. Overall, the findings indicated rates of internet addiction at 52.86%, with severe addiction at 1.43%. While severe internet addiction is not common, moderate internet addiction seems to be, as it was reported at 51.43%. Additionally, internet addiction was higher among males compared to females (72% vs 42%). The three highest-ranked online activities were school work (100%), entertainment (100%) and social networking (97.14%). Overall, parental monitoring significantly impacted the rates of internet addiction. Hence, parental monitoring needs to be considered when designing and implementing interventions for internet addiction.

Menstrual cycle and menstruation can be given definitions as both are studied biologically hence the production of many literatures throughout the years. Recently, herbal medications are used as an alternative to oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) to treat women fertility in general and several literatures can be found to prove the effectiveness of herbal medicines on menstruation. The objectives of this paper are to learn if the female pre-university students are aware of their menstrual cycle and to study the effects of herbs on menstrual cycle. This questionnaire study is conducted within a population of 108 female pre-university students by distributing a web-based questionnaire through a shortened link. Cronbach alpha test is done after transferring data in the IBM SPSS Statistics ver.25 to measure the internal consistency of a test or a scale. The result shows that only 7.41% have used herbal treatments. Further studies analysis needs to be done to identify the effectiveness of the herbal treatments used on menstrual cycle.