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The article investigated the possibility of reusing heat resistant glass cullet to improve the mechanical properties of high-temperature composites. This is an excellent recycled aggregate that may be used as a substitute for alumina cement, and for fine natural aggregate in the production of concrete based on hydraulic binder. The experimental programme comprised of strength testing conducted on 40 × 40 × 160 mm cuboidal samples. The model mixture was modified by filler that comprised glass recyclate, amounting to 5%, 10%, and 15% of the mass of gravel and cement. Given the degree of glass grounding, use was made of two fractions, 0/4 and 0/0.125 mm. Six modified mixtures were produced. Tests were then carried out on their selected physical and mechanical properties as well as the impact of temperature, topography, and chemical composition exerted on the composite. Next, the progress and development of compressive strength and flexural strength after 14 and 28 days of curing were studied. Results showed that concrete with a 5% content of glass dust had a maximum compressive strength at the level of 85.1 MPa. Results also showed that concrete (Zk.I.5) heated at a temperature of 500 °C had a 46% higher compressive strength when compared to basic concrete (Z.I.0). The results show that it is possible to use the described components to obtain a composite that meets requirements imposed on structural materials used in construction engineering.
Aleksandra Powęzka; Paweł Ogrodnik; Jacek Szulej; Mariusz Pecio. Glass Cullet as Additive to New Sustainable Composites Based on Alumina Binder. Energies 2021, 14, 3423 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Powęzka, Paweł Ogrodnik, Jacek Szulej, Mariusz Pecio. Glass Cullet as Additive to New Sustainable Composites Based on Alumina Binder. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Powęzka; Paweł Ogrodnik; Jacek Szulej; Mariusz Pecio. 2021. "Glass Cullet as Additive to New Sustainable Composites Based on Alumina Binder." Energies 14, no. 12: 3423.
The article describes the possibility of using waste glass cullet as an alternative aggregate for the production of cement composites. Three concrete mixes based on Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R with different contents of recyclate were designed. Borosilicate glass cullet was introduced into the batch by reducing the content of natural aggregate by 0%, 2.5% and 7.5%. Apparent density, water absorption and compressive strength at elevated temperature were measured. The temperature distribution, in cubic samples, was followed by thermocouples. The elements were heated in a special furnace at the temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. The composite topography and phase composition were observed using X-ray energy scattering electron microscopy. The results show that the appropriate modification of the cement composite with 2.5% heat-resistant glass cullet improves both the thermal and mechanical properties. Compressive strength reaches an average value of 48.6 MPa after 28 days. The increase in temperature weakens the structure of the composite. It was found that the obtained cement composite has good physico–chemical properties. The research results are presented in the article.
Aleksandra Powęzka; Jacek Szulej; Paweł Ogrodnik. Reuse of Heat Resistant Glass Cullet in Cement Composites Subjected to Thermal Load. Materials 2020, 13, 4434 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Powęzka, Jacek Szulej, Paweł Ogrodnik. Reuse of Heat Resistant Glass Cullet in Cement Composites Subjected to Thermal Load. Materials. 2020; 13 (19):4434.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Powęzka; Jacek Szulej; Paweł Ogrodnik. 2020. "Reuse of Heat Resistant Glass Cullet in Cement Composites Subjected to Thermal Load." Materials 13, no. 19: 4434.
The article presents results obtained during testing of concrete based on CEM I 42.5R Portland cement, fine and coarse aggregate, glass, volatile ash, and superplastifier. The concrete mixture was modified using filler consisting of bromosilicate heat resistant cullet. Recycled aggregate was added to the batch. Samples for the need of testing were produced as (100 × 100 × 100) mm cubes. Before commencing proper tests, samples have been heated within the temperature range of 20–800 °C. Tests carried out during the proper testing procedure included tests of compressive strength, elevated temperature, impact strength, as well as macroscopic tests of the contact area. The obtained test results have provided proof of there being a possibility of producing special concrete, modified by products obtained from heat resistant cullet. This type of is generally characterized by satisfactory performance parameters. The average compressive strength for concrete modified by a 10% of heat resistant cullet was determined as 43.6 MPa and 48.3 MPa respectively after 28 and 180 days of curing.
Aleksandra Powęzka; Jacek Szulej; Paweł Ogrodnik. Effect of High Temperatures on the Impact Strength of Concrete Based on Recycled Aggregate Made of Heat-Resistant Cullet. Materials 2020, 13, 465 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Powęzka, Jacek Szulej, Paweł Ogrodnik. Effect of High Temperatures on the Impact Strength of Concrete Based on Recycled Aggregate Made of Heat-Resistant Cullet. Materials. 2020; 13 (2):465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Powęzka; Jacek Szulej; Paweł Ogrodnik. 2020. "Effect of High Temperatures on the Impact Strength of Concrete Based on Recycled Aggregate Made of Heat-Resistant Cullet." Materials 13, no. 2: 465.
The ready-mixed concrete is subject to certification in accordance with the compliance system 2+. Manufacturers of concrete are required to implement factory production control and then to certify concrete, which is subject to the national mark B. The paper presents the results of strength tests of C 40/50 concrete samples. Designed according to the 23M SCC recipe, concrete has been used in the production of freight scales. The samples were subjected to "in situ" tests. As a method of quality control, a non-destructive test method for concrete strength has been proposed. A sclerometer (Schmidt type N hammer) was used for the tests. The research used a dynamic method of measurement by evaluating the change in the energy of the beater after rebounding from a given surface. Normal cubes with dimensions 15x15x15 cm were used for the tests. Concrete testing was carried out after the 28th day of care in accordance with the requirements of PN-EN 2390-2:2001. Based on the analysis, conclusions from the tests were formulated. The compression strength class was determined and the conformity of the hardened concrete with the parameters declared by the manufacturer was controlled. The evaluation was carried out using methods B and C for continuous production. CUSUM cumulative sum control cards and Shewhart control cards were used.
Aleksandra Powęzka; Mateusz Banaś; Paweł Ogrodnik. Checking the compatibility of embedded concrete for the production of prefabricated freight scales with the parameters declared by the supplier. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 247, 00015 .
AMA StyleAleksandra Powęzka, Mateusz Banaś, Paweł Ogrodnik. Checking the compatibility of embedded concrete for the production of prefabricated freight scales with the parameters declared by the supplier. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 247 ():00015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksandra Powęzka; Mateusz Banaś; Paweł Ogrodnik. 2018. "Checking the compatibility of embedded concrete for the production of prefabricated freight scales with the parameters declared by the supplier." MATEC Web of Conferences 247, no. : 00015.
The aim of the work is to carry out tests analyzing the effectiveness of introducing pores to concrete on eliminating explosive spalling of concrete in fire conditions. A fireproof concrete is designed, which contains aluminum cement and aggregate obtained from waste sanitary ware. A Microporan aerating agent is used to modify the concrete features. The tests are carried out on cubic samples with nominal dimensions 10 × 10 × 10 cm and cylindrical dimensions 10 × 20 cm. Three batches of test samples are prepared, with different levels of aeration of the concrete mixture, i.e., without an aeration agent, with 0.5% and a 1% amount of aeration admixture weighted relative to the amount of cement used. Samples of all batches are divided into two series and conditioned in two types of environments with different humidity levels: dry and humid. The article presents the results of strength tests of concrete samples that are subjected to high temperatures similar to the temperatures occurring in the fire environment. The process of heating the samples proceeds according to the standard curve showing the temperature rise during the standard fire. The soaking temperature is in the range of 20 to 1000 °C. After baking in the oven, the samples are tested on a strength machine. The authors carry out only pilot studies. Only results from destructive tests of compressive strength of a refractory concrete composite are presented. The simulation station for the fire impact is the PK-1100/5 high-temperature chamber furnace together with the control system and a computer station with temperature monitoring software. Samples are loaded with increasing temperatures, according to the “temperature–time” standard curve. The compressive strength test is used as a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of the aeration agent. Strength tests are carried out both on unheated and soaked conditions in different environments. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests that allow for the authors to determine the characteristics of the material being tested. The empirical data include, among others, testing of selected physical properties (water absorption of concrete) and mechanical properties (measurements of compressive strength before and after thermal load). Based on the results obtained, conclusions from the tests are formulated. The proposed considerations show that the modification of the composite by aeration is an effective preventive measure in relation to the phenomenon of explosive concrete spalling.
Paweł Ogrodnik; Aleksandra Powęzka; Bartosz Zegardło. Modification of Refractory Concretes with Aeration Agents as a Method of Protection against the Phenomenon of Spalling. Recycling 2018, 3, 30 .
AMA StylePaweł Ogrodnik, Aleksandra Powęzka, Bartosz Zegardło. Modification of Refractory Concretes with Aeration Agents as a Method of Protection against the Phenomenon of Spalling. Recycling. 2018; 3 (3):30.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaweł Ogrodnik; Aleksandra Powęzka; Bartosz Zegardło. 2018. "Modification of Refractory Concretes with Aeration Agents as a Method of Protection against the Phenomenon of Spalling." Recycling 3, no. 3: 30.