The need for sustainable development in materials technology is becoming increasingly urgent due to the environmental impact largely generated by human activity. One promising way to mitigate this impact is through green syntheses that use alternative energy sources, such as mechanical milling. This method promotes chemical reactions through the mechanical treatment of materials. It is classified either as tribochemical or mechanochemical, depending on whether it acts on all states of aggregation or only on solids, respectively. These techniques offer sustainable options by minimizing both toxic byproducts and energy consumption, and promote waste prevention or reduction. Likewise, the multicomponent reactions, which allow the synthesis of complex molecules in a single step, are addressed. These reactions are especially valuable in pharmaceutical chemistry, as they facilitate the production of compounds with medicinal properties and contribute to greater structural diversity. This paper presents a review of the topics above, analyzing their definition, development, past, current, and future applications, as well as the advantages offered by the synergy between multicomponent reactions and mechanical milling.

In this simulation study, the SCAPS software is used to analyze the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) thin film solar cells. The parameters, such as thickness, bandgap, and carrier concentration of CIGSe absorber layer, V 2 O 5 buffer window layer and ZnO window layer are investigated to obtain the best device performance. The efficiency of CIGSe thin film solar cells is slightly enhanced by absorbing more photons when the CIGSe thickness increases from 1 to 6µm. The variation of CIGSe bandgap affects all four solar cell parameters, which is directly related to the energy of incident photons. The open circuit voltage and fill factor are dependent on the CIGSe carrier concentration. The optimum values of 3µm, 1.4 eV, and 10 ¹⁶ cm ^-3 were thickness, bandgap, and carrier concentrations for CIGSe. A very thick layer of window layers can raise the series resistance and a very thin layer can reduce the shunt resistance of the device. Both of these conditions strongly decreased the fill factor and consecutively the efficiency value. The best thicknesses of 100 and 25 nm were observed for V 2 O 5 and ZnO materials, respectively. The carrier concentrations for the window layer must be higher compared to the absorber layer for improving the device's performance. The optimum efficiency of 14.58 % is found for CIGSe thin film solar cells after using the best parameters of CIGSe, V 2 O 5 , and ZnO. Hence, the SCAPS software is promising for modeling and is imperative to assess the proposed physical structure's practicability and performance.

The first optimal and suitable synthetic route was developed to obtain the natural product 1,3-dibehenyl-2-ferulyl glyceride (1) in four reaction steps with an overall yield of 23%. Additionally, a collection of ten derivatives of the natural product was prepared with similar reaction yields. Compound 19 showed potent antioxidant activity through the DPPH assay with an inhibition higher than 95% (IC₅₀ 17.58 ± 0.45 µM). Furthermore, its characterization using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR and MS techniques is presented. This work is relevant because it addresses the need for a natural product with very low availability and that comes from an endangered species. The compounds feature a conjugated lipid–drug structure, with cinnamic, caffeic and ferulic acids in the pharmacologically active portion, making its evaluation in biological tests of great interest.