The aquaculture sector is a capital intensive production process where access to credit is helpful in order to develop and manage farms in developing countries. Nevertheless, a supply of credit is often not readily available, which is creating credit constraint situations. This study investigates how credit constraints affect the productivity of aquaculture farmers in Bangladesh. An endogenous switching regression model is used to estimate the effects of credit constraints on productivity. The results show that productivity is significantly higher for farmers who are not exposed to credit constraints. This result reveals significant production-enhancing effects when using modern inputs for both constrained and unconstrained farmers. However, the effects are larger for the credit-unconstrained farmers because they have the opportunity to buy higher quality inputs and use them in a better input mix.

The optimal use of resources in aquaculture is important, especially in developing countries, to obtain the highest possible outcome from the production process to support food security and poverty alleviation. Thus, within this study, the risk, efficiency, and input‐use variation in aquaculture farms in Bangladesh is investigated using a flexible stochastic frontier model with a risk and an inefficiency function. The results reveal that feed, labor, and capital have positive and significant impacts on production. In addition, an increased fingerling density and a larger farm increase the risk, whereas the use of feed and the capital invested have the opposite effect. Access to extension services has a positive effect and increases farm efficiency. An investigation of the farm size–productivity inverse relationship reveals that this phenomenon is not applicable to Bangladesh aquaculture. In general, efficient farmers are large‐scale farmers, who use a lower stocking density but a higher feeding intensity, resulting in a higher yield. On average, farmers use less labor and feed than what is optimal. To increase efficiency and reduce risk, it is recommended that more technical knowledge on optimal input use, extension service, and capital is made available to aquaculture farmers.

Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries globally, where the livelihood of agro-based dependent people became vulnerable due to different natural hazards, especially in the southern coastal part. This study investigates the influence of climate change on household vulnerability and income diversity, data collected from the climate-vulnerable coastal areas of Bangladesh. Both panel data regression and structural equation model were employed to examine the vulnerability status, whereas income diversity was measured through diversity index and “Type-66” livelihood strategy. Results reveal that sources of income have diversified over time. However, the study also reveals that climate change-especially the increase in salinity has affected crop production, resulting in increased income vulnerability of small and marginal farmers who are highly reliant on farm income. Moreover, findings reveal that climate change has influenced households to diversify into low-income sources that do not help to overcome their income vulnerability. Therefore, a cooperative land management system, establishment of embankment, training, and skill development programs are needed to generate feasible alternative income sources to improve the livelihood of coastal people.

This study aims to explore the shrimp export competitiveness of Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam time spanning from 1990 to 2019. However, emphasizing Bangladesh as a case country, this research looks into the factors influencing shrimp export competitiveness taking into account macroeconomic and policy variables. To do so, we used the recently developed Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index to quantify export competitiveness, while a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation approach to determine the factors driving shrimp export competitiveness. The findings show that all of the aforementioned countries seem to have some degree of shrimp export competitiveness during the study period, whereas Chain has entirely lost its export competitiveness after 2004. However, Bangladesh's shrimp export competitiveness has dipped marginally in recent years, despite continuous growth in competitor countries such as India, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Further, economic globalization, institutional quality, trade openness, number of trade agreements, and trade freedom all have a favorable impact on Bangladesh’s shrimp export competitiveness in the long-run, whereas the international or exporting price of shrimp has a detrimental influence in short-and long-run. Finally, these findings may have implications for a future shrimp export from Bangladesh and some policy recommendation are presented.