The selection of an appropriate technological process is essential to achieve optimal results in manufacturing companies. This affects quality, efficiency and competitiveness. In the modern industry, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are increasingly used to evaluate, optimize and solve various manufacturing challenges. In this review article, existing methodologies and patents related to optimization and decision making are investigated. The main characteristics and applications of the methods are outlined. The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic review and evaluation of the main MCDM methods used in industrial practice, including through an analysis of relevant methodologies and patents. The methodology involves a structured literature and patent review, focusing on applications of widely used MCDM techniques such as the AHP (analytic hierarchy process), ANP (analytic network process), FUCOM (full consistency method), TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution), and VIKOR (višekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje). The analysis outlines each method’s strengths, limitations and areas of applicability. Special attention is given to the potential of the FUCOM for process evaluation in manufacturing. The findings are intended to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate decision-making tools based on specific industrial contexts and objectives. In conclusion, from the comparative analysis made, the methodologies reveal their advantages and disadvantages as well as limitations that arise in their application.

Acoustic-phonon-assisted thermalization kinetics of excitons in quantum wells (QW’s) is developed for small concentrations of particles, ${\rho }_{2\mathrm{D}}\lesssim {10}^9\hspace{0.5em}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-1},$ when particle-particle interaction can be neglected, while Bose-Einstein statistics already strongly influences the relaxation processes at low temperatures. In this case thermalization of QW excitons occurs through nonequilibrium states and is given by the following scenario. During the first transient stage, which lasts a few characteristic scattering times, the correlations with an initial distribution of QW excitons disappear. The next, adiabatic stage of thermalization usually takes many characteristic scattering times, depends only upon two control parameters, the lattice temperature $T_b$ and the degeneracy temperature $T_0\propto {\rho }_{2\mathrm{D}},$ and is characterized by a quasiequilibrated distribution of high-energy QW excitons with effective temperature $T\left(t\right).$ We show that the thermalization law of high-energy particles is given by $\delta T\left(t\right)=T\left(t\right)\mathrm{}-T_b\propto e^{-{\lambda }_{0}t}/t,$ where ${\lambda }_0$ is a marginal value of the continuous eigenvalue spectrum of the linearized kinetics. By analyzing the linearized phonon-assisted kinetics of statistically degenerate QW excitons, we study the dependence ${\lambda }_0={\lambda }_0{(T}_b{,T}_0).\mathrm{}$ Our numerical estimates refer to high-quality GaAs and ZnSe QW’s. Finally, we propose a special design of GaAs-based microcavities, which considerably weakens the bottleneck effect in relaxation of excitons (polaritons) and allows us to optimize the acoustic-phonon-assisted thermalization processes.

The coherent dynamics of an optically driven exciton–photon–bipolariton system is studied in bulk CdS. Applying backward-scattering four-wave mixing (FWM) spectroscopy, we analyze the two-photon polarization associated with excitonic molecules and determine the dephasing time $T_2\simeq 4.8\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{ps}.$ We demonstrate that the molecule-mediated FWM signal persists at positive time delays even in the ${\chi }^{\mathrm{}\left(3\right)\mathrm{}}$ limit, due to the spatial pinning of coherent polaritons induced by the second pulse. By generalizing the bipolariton model to uniaxial semiconductors, we calculate ${\tau }_{\mathrm{rad}}^{\mathrm{XX}}\simeq 2.8\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{ps},$ justify the $T_2{=2T}_1$ limit, and prove the bipolariton representation for excitonic molecules in CdS.

In the paper virtual drill tools measuring algorithm applied on 3D objects has been described and its programming model, developed for training purposes, has been presented. The work with the model will enable students to measure virtual 3D drill tools and it will be also used to check and assess their knowledge.

This paper presents the process of automated designing and parametric modeling of excavator buckets using the CAD system. A methodology has been developed that covers all stages of design, from the creation of 3D models of the parts, sub-assemblies, and assemblies to the generation of design documentation, using template files. The presented approach allows the creation of parametric models with multiple configurations, which cover different variants of the products according to their technical characteristics and purpose. This paper describes in detail the technological process, including the manufacture of parts and the assembling of sub-assemblies, in accordance with modern production requirements. Bucket classification according to excavator operating weight is included. Parametric modeling of the main components, such as the base and upper part of the bucket, is also described. In addition, an algorithm for automation of design documentation has been developed that integrates PDM systems for engineering data management. Using the presented methodology leads to a reduction in the volume of created documentation and optimizes the design process, providing the opportunity for rapid adaptation to various client requirements. Data management within a PDM system ensures centralized storage, actuality, and accessibility of information, which contribute to more efficient production and management of product data.