Among different therapeutic strategies proposed in the case of bone volume deficit, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a consolidated surgical procedure. The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the behavior of two bone grafts with different consistencies in the GBR procedure by measuring the volumetric tissue changes 1 year after surgery. For this retrospective analysis, 25 cases of GBR with simultaneous implant insertion were selected. A total of 13 were grafted with a porcine cortico-cancellous bone mix (CCBM group), and 12 were grafted with a pre-hydrated granulated cortico-cancellous bone mix of porcine origin blended with 20% TSV gel (Collagenated-CCBM). A collagen membrane was fixed to cover the bone defect. A total of 42 implants were placed with computer-guided surgery. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative digital impressions were used to evaluate dimensional changes. Student’s t-test used for independent samples showed no statistically significant differences between the integrated distance (p = 0.995) and mean distance (p = 0.734). The mean integrated distance in the CCBM group was 41.80 (SD. 101.18) compared to a mean of 42.04 (SD. 66.71) in the Collagenated-CCBM group. Given the limitations of this study, in patients with peri-implant bone dehiscence, simple heterologous and collagenated heterologous cortico-cancellous bone grafts are suitable for filling the bone defect to promote bone regeneration, although further studies are needed.

Background: Wettability of dental implant surfaces is a key factor in the osteointegration process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a new hydrophilic surface on implant stability in posterior maxilla rehabilitations. Materials and Methods: A 6-month, single-center, parallel-group clinical trial following STROBE guidelines was reported. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) changes were compared between implants with a moderately rough surface (MultiNeO CS, Alpha-Bio Tec, Israel, Control Group–CG) and those with the same surface and, in addition, nano-scale roughness and hydrophilic properties (MultiNeO NH CS, Alpha-Bio Tec, Israel, Test Group–TG) placed using a crestal sinus lift technique. ISQ values at bucco-lingual (ISQBL) and mesio-distal (ISQMD) sides were measured at insertion (t0), 4 months (t4), and 6 months (t6). Repeated measures ANOVA (RMA) was performed for statistical evaluation. Results: The study included 35 participants (18 TG, 17 CG). Mean ISQBL0 was 69.45 (SD = 12.62), increasing to 71.72 (SD = 6.74) at t4 and 75.21 (SD = 4) at t6. ISQMD0 mean was 67.54 (SD = 12.54), rising to 72.32 (SD = 6.90) at t4 and 75.67 (SD = 4.60) at t6. No statistically significant differences were found between groups, though TG showed a significant increase in ISQBL at t6 vs. t4 and ISQMD at t6 vs. t0. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant variations between mean ISQ differences over time. Conclusion: Both groups exhibited an increasing ISQ trend, but no significant differences were observed between t4–t0 and t6–t4 periods. Further research is required to assess the impact of hydrophilia on early loading, osteointegration, and long-term outcomes.

Objectives: Wettability of dental implants surface might be an additional key variable in the regeneration process and osseointegration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a new nanoscale roughness, combined with super-hydrophilic surface on bone volume change after trans-crestal sinus floor lift procedure for implant positioning. Materials and methods: The study was reported according to SPIRIT guidelines. A 12-month, single-center, parallel group clinical trial was conducted to compare changes in bone regeneration and crestal bone level as shown on x-ray, following trans-crestal sinus floor lift using a collagenated hydroxyapatite graft and insertion of single dental implants with two different surfaces: moderately rough surface implants (Control Group – CG) and nanoscale super-hydrophilic surface implants (Test Group – TG). Radiographic bone volume and maximum height of regenerated bone as well as peri-implant crestal bone level were evaluated immediately following implant insertion and after 12 months. A multivariate regression model was built to address the impact of surface characteristics and clinical variables on the outcome. Results: The study was completed by 25 participants (12 in the TG and 13 in the CG). CG achieved a volume change of 94.54mm ³ (SD 70.24), while the TG increased by 207.41mm ³ (SD 168.10) Focusing on bone height gain, CG presented 6.25 mm (SD 1.88), compared to 5.02 mm (SD 1.71) in the TG. For both outcomes, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups ( p = 0.087 for bone volume change; p = 0.123 for bone height gain). Multivariate linear regression models only partially explained observed variance (respectively 8.6 and 35.4%), resulting in non-statistically significant predictions. Discussion: Despite the trend of a higher bone volume observed in the hydrophilic surface group, taking into consideration all the variables, this study did not reveal any significant differences in terms of bone regeneration between groups. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, implants with a nanoscale super-hydrophilic surface did not result in significantly greater bone regeneration than conventional moderately rough implants following transcrestal sinus floor elevation, although a trend toward increased bone volume was observed. Further clinical studies are required to clarify the potential regenerative advantages of hydrophilic implant surfaces.