In this study, the Jacobi elliptic function method (JEFM) and modified auxiliary equation method (MAEM) are used to investigate the solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear coupled Riemann wave (RW) equation. Nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (NLPDEs) can be transformed into a collection of algebraic equations by utilising a travelling wave transformation. This study’s objective is to learn more about the non-linear coupled RW equation, which accounts for tidal waves, tsunamis, and static uniform media. The variance in the governing model’s travelling wave behavior is investigated using the conformable, beta, and M-truncated derivatives (M-TD). The aforementioned methods can be used to derive solitary wave solutions for trigonometric, hyperbolic, and jacobi functions. We may produce periodic solutions, bell-form soliton, anti-bell-shape soliton, M-shaped, and W-shaped solitons by altering specific parameter values. The mathematical form of each pair of travelling wave solutions is symmetric. Lastly, in order to emphasise the impact of conformable, beta, and M-TD on the behaviour and symmetric solutions for the presented problem, the 2D and 3D representations of the analytical soliton solutions can be produced using Mathematica 10.

Theoretical influence of the buoyancy and thermal radiation effects on the MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) flow across a stretchable porous sheet were analyzed in the present study. The Darcy–Forchheimer model and laminar flow were considered for the flow problem that was investigated. The flow was taken to incorporate a temperature-dependent heat source or sink. The study also incorporated the influences of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The general form of the buoyancy term in the momentum equation for a free convection boundary layer is derived in this study. A favorable comparison with earlier published studies was achieved. Graphs were used to investigate and explain how different physical parameters affect the velocity, the temperature, and the concentration field. Additionally, tables are included in order to discuss the outcomes of the Sherwood number, the Nusselt number, and skin friction. The fundamental governing partial differential equations (PDEs), which are used in the modeling and analysis of the MHD flow problem, were transformed into a collection of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by utilizing the similarity transformation. A semi-analytical approach homotopy analysis method (HAM) was applied for approximating the solutions of the modeled equations. The model finds several important applications, such as steel rolling, nuclear explosions, cooling of transmission lines, heating of the room by the use of a radiator, cooling the reactor core in nuclear power plants, design of fins, solar power technology, combustion chambers, astrophysical flow, electric transformers, and rectifiers. Among the various outcomes of the study, it was discovered that skin friction surges for 0.3 $\le F_1\le$ 0.6, 0.1 $\le k_1\le$ 0.4 and 0.3 $\le M\le$ 1.0, snf declines for 1.0 $\le G_r\le$ 4.0. Moreover, the Nusselt number augments for 0.5 $\le R\le$ 1.5, 0.2 $\le N_t\le$ 0.8 and 0.3 $\le N_b\le$ 0.9, and declines for 2.5 $\le Pr\le$ 5.5. The Sherwood number increases for 0.2 $\le N_t\le$ 0.8 and 0.3 $\le Sc\le$ 0.9, and decreases for 0.1 $\le N_b\le$ 0.7.

Symmetry is presented in many works involving differential and integral equations. Whenever a human is involved in the design of an integral equation, they naturally tend to opt for symmetric features. The most common examples are the Green functions and linguistic kernels that are often designed symmetrically and regularly distributed over the universe of discourse. In the current study, the authors report a study on boundary value problem (BVP) for a nonlinear integro Volterra–Fredholm integral equation with variable coefficients and show the existence of solution by applying some fixed-point theorems. The authors employ various numerical common approaches as the homotopy analysis methodology established by Liao and the modified Adomain decomposition technique to produce a numerical approximate solution, then graphical depiction reveals that both methods are most effective and convenient. In this regard, the authors address the requirements that ensure the existence and uniqueness of the solution for various variations of nonlinearity power. The authors also show numerical examples of how to apply our primary theorems and test the convergence and validity of our suggested approach.

The present paper is dedicated to the examination of maximum and minimum results based on Green’s functions via delta fractional differences for a class of fractional boundary problems. For such a purpose, we built the corresponding Green’s functions based on the falling factorial functions. In addition, using the constructed Green’s function, the positivity of the function and its corresponding delta function are presented. We also verified the occurrence of two distinct functions with the same Green’s function. The maximality and minimality of the Green’s function show a good qualitative agreement. Finally, we considered some special examples to explain the obtained results.

The class of symmetric function interacts extensively with other types of functions. One of these is the class of convex functions, which is closely related to the theory of symmetry. In this paper, we obtain some new fractional Hermite–Hadamard inequalities with an exponential kernel for subadditive functions and for their product, and some known results are recaptured. Moreover, using a new identity as an auxiliary result, we deduce several inequalities for subadditive functions pertaining to the new fractional integrals involving an exponential kernel. To validate the accuracy of our results, we offer some examples for suitable choices of subadditive functions and their graphical representations.

Asymmetry plays a significant role in the transmission dynamics in novel discrete fractional calculus. Few studies have mathematically modeled such asymmetry properties, and none have developed discrete models that incorporate different symmetry developmental stages. This paper introduces a Taylor monomial falling function and presents some properties of this function in a delta fractional model with Green’s function kernel. In the deterministic case, Green’s function will be non-negative, and this shows that the function has an upper bound for its maximum point. More precisely, in this paper, based on the properties of the Taylor monomial falling function, we investigate Lyapunov-type inequalities for a delta fractional boundary value problem of Riemann–Liouville type.