The global consumption of highly (ultra) processed foods (HPFs) is increasing, and it is associated with non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Screening Questionnaire of Highly Processed Food Consumption (sQ-HPF). This study included 94 adults. Sociodemographic data were collected, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed. The sQ-HPF was translated into Turkish and culturally adapted. Dietary intake was assessed using three-day dietary records. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were used to evaluate the validity and consistency of the sQ-HPF. Test–retest reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Three items from the original sQ-HPF were excluded due to low factor loadings. The Kaiser–Meyer Olkin (KMO) coefficient for the measure of sample adequacy was found to be 0.642 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was found to be significant (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the sQ-HPF score and HPF consumption derived from the 3-day dietary records (p < 0.05). Cronbach’s alpha was found to be 0.65. Individuals with higher sQ-HPF scores consumed a significantly greater percentage of energy from HPFs (kcal/day) (p < 0.001). The sQ-HPF demonstrated good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.76). The Turkish version of the sQ-HPF is a valid and reliable tool for assessing HPF consumption patterns and can be used in epidemiological and clinical studies.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and ecological footprint which is an indicator of sustainability and environmental impact and to examine the factors that may affect them. It was found that 20.3% of individuals have inadequate, 43.7% problematic, 26.1% sufficient and 10.0% excellent health literacy levels. There were differences in age, education level and BMI classification according to Ecological Footprint Awareness Scale score quartiles and health literacy levels (p < 0.05). It was determined that age and Turkey Health Literacy Scale score had effect on ecological footprint awareness. Individuals with a high level of health literacy have a high awareness of their ecological footprint. The increase in people’s health literacy levels and ecological footprint awareness with age can be interpreted as the increase in people’s education and knowledge levels and their awareness levels against the protection of nature and the environment.

Objective: Sustainable diet is one of the main factors that support food security, and the Mediterranean diet (MD) one of the sustainable diet models associated with low ecological impact and optimum health results has come to the fore. It was aimed to compare the results of the 2010 and 2017 Turkey Nutrition and Health Studies (TNHS) according to the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) and in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the current nutritional status in Turkey through water footprints (WF).Design: The MAI score was calculated using the published results of the 2010 and 2017 TNHS, and the WF have been calculated as indicators of environmental impact.Setting: Turkey.Participants: There are no participants.Results: In the TNHS, there was an increase in the amount of energy provided by foods non-MD in 2017 compared to 2010, with a decrease in the total MAI score. The group with the lowest adherence to the MD in both years was the adult group (MAI₂₀₁₀2·74 and MAI₂₀₁₇2·31), while the group with the highest adherence was the adolescent group (MAI₂₀₁₀3·21 and MAI₂₀₁₇2·53). The MAI scores of females were higher than those of males in both years. The males aged 19–64 years had the largest (841 m³/year) WF and the females aged 65+ years had the smallest (483 m³/year). The food group that contributed the most to WF was meat and meat products (21·0–35·0 %).Conclusions: Adherence to the MD has decreased due to the increase in the consumption of the Western-type diet in Turkey.

Sustainable nutrition have become widespread throughout the world. It was aimed to question the awareness, knowledge and the attitude of sustainable nutrition in individuals in wide age range. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 3,498 volunteers (1,575 male and 1,923 female) between the ages of 18-95. The questionnaire form was by face to face interview method. The concept of sustainable nutrition was heard higher in women (22.7%), those living in urban areas (22.8%) and in the 18-24 age group (26.6%) (p<0.05). Almost half (49.1%) of the individuals aged 65+ had no idea about the best practice about sustainable nutrition and as the age of the group increased, the knowledge decreased (p<0.05). Only %6 of the individuals heard about the food mile, while the most heard concept was the carbon footprint (28%). There are differences in the attitudes of individuals regarding sustainable nutrition according to gender, age and region of residence.

This study aimed to evaluate the personal water footprint individuals, and was conducted with 3431 individuals İbetween 18–95 years. A questionnaire form included questions about demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and food consumption was applied. The “Extended Water Footprint Calculator” was used to evaluate the personal water footprint, and various questions were asked to determine the components of food consumption, domestic water, and industrial water use. The average age of the participants was 34.6 ± 13.93 years. The total water footprint of the male was significantly higher than the female. The total water footprint of individuals between the ages of 41–64 was higher than other age groups, and also obese individuals had the highest total water footprint (p < 0.05). Meat and meat products contributed the most to the total water footprint. Having a normal body weight and adopting more sustainable dietary patterns should be emphasized because of their impacts on the environment and health.