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Hong Jiang
International Institutes for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

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Review
Published: 24 November 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Global change significantly influences plant leaf gas exchange, which affects the carbon-water cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the magnitudes of the effects of multiple global change factors on leaf gas exchanges are currently lacking. Therefore, a global meta-analysis of 337 published articles was conducted to determine the effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2), elevated O3 (eO3), elevated temperature (eT), and drought on plant leaf gas exchanges. The results indicated that (1) the overall responses of photosynthesis rate (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) to eCO2 increased by 28.6% and 58.6%. But transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (gs) responded negatively to eCO2 (− 17.5% and − 17.2%, respectively). Furthermore, all Pn, gs, and WUEi responded negatively to eO3 (− 32.7%, − 24.6%, and − 27.1%), eT (− 23.2%, − 10.8%, and − 28.9%), and drought (− 53.6%, − 59.3%, and − 4.6%, respectively), regardless of functional groups and various complex experimental conditions. (2) Elevated CO2 increased WUEi combined with eO3, eT, and drought (26.6%, 36.0%, and 58.6%, respectively, for eCO2 + eO3, eCO2 + eT, and eCO2 + drought) and mitigated their negative impacts on Pn to some extent. (3) Plant form and foliage type play an important role in the responses of leaf gas exchanges. Trees responded mostly to eCO2, but responded least to eT in Pn, Tr, gs, and WUEi compared with shrubs and herbs. Evergreen broad-leaved species were more responsive to eCO2 and drought. (4) The stress level of each factor can also significantly influence the responses of leaf gas exchanges to environment change. Hopefully, the quantitative results are helpful for the further assessments of the terrestrial carbon-water cycle.

ACS Style

Jinmeng Zhang; Lei Deng; Hong Jiang; Changhui Peng; Chunbo Huang; Minxia Zhang; Xiuying Zhang. The effects of elevated CO2, elevated O3, elevated temperature, and drought on plant leaf gas exchanges: a global meta-analysis of experimental studies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 28, 15274 -15289.

AMA Style

Jinmeng Zhang, Lei Deng, Hong Jiang, Changhui Peng, Chunbo Huang, Minxia Zhang, Xiuying Zhang. The effects of elevated CO2, elevated O3, elevated temperature, and drought on plant leaf gas exchanges: a global meta-analysis of experimental studies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 28 (12):15274-15289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinmeng Zhang; Lei Deng; Hong Jiang; Changhui Peng; Chunbo Huang; Minxia Zhang; Xiuying Zhang. 2020. "The effects of elevated CO2, elevated O3, elevated temperature, and drought on plant leaf gas exchanges: a global meta-analysis of experimental studies." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 12: 15274-15289.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Frequent flash droughts can rapidly lead to water shortage, which affects the stability of ecosystems. This study determines the water-use characteristics and physiological mechanisms underlying Moso bamboo response to flash-drought events, and estimates changes to water budgets caused by extreme drought. We analyzed the variability in forest canopy transpiration versus precipitation from 2011–2013. Evapotranspiration reached 730 mm during flash drought years. When the vapor pressure deficit > 2 kPa and evapotranspiration > 4.27 mm·day−1, evapotranspiration was mainly controlled through stomatal opening and closing to reduce water loss. However, water exchange mainly occurred in the upper 0–50 cm of the soil. When soil volumetric water content of 50 cm was lower than 0.17 m3·m−3, physiological dehydration occurred in Moso bamboo to reduce transpiration by defoliation, which leads to water-use efficiency decrease. When mean stand density was

ACS Style

Minxia Zhang; Shulin Chen; Hong Jiang; Yong Lin; Jinmeng Zhang; Xinzhang Song; Guomo Zhou. Water-Use Characteristics and Physiological Response of Moso Bamboo to Flash Droughts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2174 .

AMA Style

Minxia Zhang, Shulin Chen, Hong Jiang, Yong Lin, Jinmeng Zhang, Xinzhang Song, Guomo Zhou. Water-Use Characteristics and Physiological Response of Moso Bamboo to Flash Droughts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (12):2174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minxia Zhang; Shulin Chen; Hong Jiang; Yong Lin; Jinmeng Zhang; Xinzhang Song; Guomo Zhou. 2019. "Water-Use Characteristics and Physiological Response of Moso Bamboo to Flash Droughts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2174.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2019 in Ecological Indicators
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Nitrogen (N) deposition changes the availability of N in ecosystems and regulates carbon and water cycles, including ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE). In recent decades, N deposition has been increasing rapidly, especially at several hotspots in China, Europe and the U.S. In this study, a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model, IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator), was used to simulate the effects of N deposition on WUE globally. The results indicated that increasing N deposition led to a global increase in WUE of 0.005 g C kg−1 H2O on average over the first 10 years of the 21st century. The effects of N deposition on WUE were more evident in certain hotspots than in other parts of the world. The effect of N deposition on gross primary productivity (GPP) determined the change in WUE. In particular, high N deposition led to decreased ET and consequently increased the WUE in southeastern China. Moreover, increased N deposition has significantly enhanced the WUE in response to elevated CO2 in southeastern China, indicating the importance of N deposition in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.

ACS Style

Xuehe Lu; Weimin Ju; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Jinxun Liu; Jason Sherba; Songhan Wang. Effects of nitrogen deposition on water use efficiency of global terrestrial ecosystems simulated using the IBIS model. Ecological Indicators 2019, 101, 954 -962.

AMA Style

Xuehe Lu, Weimin Ju, Hong Jiang, Xiuying Zhang, Jinxun Liu, Jason Sherba, Songhan Wang. Effects of nitrogen deposition on water use efficiency of global terrestrial ecosystems simulated using the IBIS model. Ecological Indicators. 2019; 101 ():954-962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehe Lu; Weimin Ju; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Jinxun Liu; Jason Sherba; Songhan Wang. 2019. "Effects of nitrogen deposition on water use efficiency of global terrestrial ecosystems simulated using the IBIS model." Ecological Indicators 101, no. : 954-962.

Review
Published: 24 April 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Drought has been one of the most important limiting factors for crop production, which deleteriously affects food security worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to quantitatively assess the effect of drought on the agronomic traits (e.g., plant height, biomass, yield, and yield components) of rice and wheat in combination with several moderators (e.g., drought stress intensity, rooting environment, and growth stage) using a meta-analysis study. The database was created from 55 published studies on rice and 60 published studies on wheat. The results demonstrated that drought decreased the agronomic traits differently between rice and wheat among varying growth stages. Wheat and rice yields decreased by 27.5% and 25.4%, respectively. Wheat grown in pots showed greater decreases in agronomic traits than those grown in the field. Rice showed opposite growing patterns when compared to wheat in rooting environments. The effect of drought on rice increased with plant growth and drought had larger detrimental influences during the reproductive phase (e.g., blooming stage, filling stage, and maturity). However, an exception was found in wheat, which had similar decreased performance during the complete growth cycle. Based on these results, future droughts could produce lower yields of rice and wheat when compared to the current drought.

ACS Style

Jinmeng Zhang; Shiqiao Zhang; Min Cheng; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Changhui Peng; Xuehe Lu; Minxia Zhang; Jiaxin Jin. Effect of Drought on Agronomic Traits of Rice and Wheat: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 839 .

AMA Style

Jinmeng Zhang, Shiqiao Zhang, Min Cheng, Hong Jiang, Xiuying Zhang, Changhui Peng, Xuehe Lu, Minxia Zhang, Jiaxin Jin. Effect of Drought on Agronomic Traits of Rice and Wheat: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (5):839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinmeng Zhang; Shiqiao Zhang; Min Cheng; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Changhui Peng; Xuehe Lu; Minxia Zhang; Jiaxin Jin. 2018. "Effect of Drought on Agronomic Traits of Rice and Wheat: A Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 839.

Review
Published: 21 February 2018 in Sustainability
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Persistent drought severely inhibits plant growth and productivity, which negatively affects terrestrial primary productivity worldwide. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impacts of drought on plant leaf CO2/H2O exchange and water use efficiency. This study assessed the responses of net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration (Tr), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) to drought based on a worldwide meta-analysis of 112 published studies. The results demonstrated that drought decreased Pn, Tr, and Gs significantly and differently among different moderators. C4 plants had smaller Pn reduction than C3 plants, which gives C4 plants an advantage in Pn. But their WUE decreased under drought conditions, indicating a great flexibility in C4 WUE. Annual herbs sacrificed WUE (−6.2%) to maintain efficient Pn. Perennial herbs took a different strategy in response to drought with an increased WUE (25.1%). Deciduous tree species displayed a greater increase in WUE than conifers and evergreen species. Additionally, Gs had a significant correlation with Pn and Tr, but an insignificant correlation with WUE, which could be because WUE is affected by other factors (e.g., air flow, CO2 concentration, and relative humidity). These findings have significant implications for understanding the worldwide effects of drought on plant leaf CO2/H2O exchange and water use efficiency.

ACS Style

Jinmeng Zhang; Hong Jiang; Xinzhang Song; Jiaxin Jin; Xiuying Zhang. The Responses of Plant Leaf CO2/H2O Exchange and Water Use Efficiency to Drought: A Meta-Analysis. Sustainability 2018, 10, 551 .

AMA Style

Jinmeng Zhang, Hong Jiang, Xinzhang Song, Jiaxin Jin, Xiuying Zhang. The Responses of Plant Leaf CO2/H2O Exchange and Water Use Efficiency to Drought: A Meta-Analysis. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):551.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinmeng Zhang; Hong Jiang; Xinzhang Song; Jiaxin Jin; Xiuying Zhang. 2018. "The Responses of Plant Leaf CO2/H2O Exchange and Water Use Efficiency to Drought: A Meta-Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 551.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2016 in Scientific Reports
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Over the past 100 years, human activity has greatly changed the rate of atmospheric N (nitrogen) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in N saturation in some regions of the world. The contribution of N saturation to the global carbon budget remains uncertain due to the complicated nature of C-N (carbon-nitrogen) interactions and diverse geography. Although N deposition is included in most terrestrial ecosystem models, the effect of N saturation is frequently overlooked. In this study, the IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator) was used to simulate the global-scale effects of N saturation during the period 1961–2009. The results of this model indicate that N saturation reduced global NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) by 0.26 and 0.03 Pg C yr−1, respectively. The negative effects of N saturation on carbon sequestration occurred primarily in temperate forests and grasslands. In response to elevated CO2 levels, global N turnover slowed due to increased biomass growth, resulting in a decline in soil mineral N. These changes in N cycling reduced the impact of N saturation on the global carbon budget. However, elevated N deposition in certain regions may further alter N saturation and C-N coupling.

ACS Style

Xuehe Lu; Hong Jiang; Jinxun Liu; Xiuying Zhang; Jiaxin Jin; Qiuan Zhu; Zhen Zhang; Changhui Peng. Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation on the global carbon budget using the IBIS model. Scientific Reports 2016, 6, 39173 .

AMA Style

Xuehe Lu, Hong Jiang, Jinxun Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Jiaxin Jin, Qiuan Zhu, Zhen Zhang, Changhui Peng. Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation on the global carbon budget using the IBIS model. Scientific Reports. 2016; 6 (1):39173.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehe Lu; Hong Jiang; Jinxun Liu; Xiuying Zhang; Jiaxin Jin; Qiuan Zhu; Zhen Zhang; Changhui Peng. 2016. "Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation on the global carbon budget using the IBIS model." Scientific Reports 6, no. 1: 39173.

Articles
Published: 20 November 2016 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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We validated moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 2 aerosol products with ground-based sun photometer (CE-318) measurements over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. MODIS aerosol products are also used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The results show that MODIS AOT is validated quantitatively with a higher correlation coefficient (r = 0.88, 0.80 at Guangzhou and r = 0.95, 0.92 at Hong Kong) and lower root mean square errors (RMSE = 0.15, 0.16 at Guangzhou and RMSE = 0.07, 0.08 at Hong Kong), while the Ångström exponent (α) is still in doubt (r = 0.09). The MODIS AOT values are generally higher than those of the CE-318 values in Guangzhou and smaller than those in Hong Kong. The regional multi-year monthly (July 2002–December 2012) mean AOT values are 0.66 ± 0.20 and 0.64 ± 0.18 for Terra- and Aqua-MODIS, respectively. From month to month, the values of Terra-MODIS AOT are larger than those of Aqua-MODIS during most of the month. This implies that AOT in the morning is generally larger than that in the afternoon. The largest monthly AOT occurred in April at 0.85 ± 0.16 and 0.88 ± 0.17 for Terra-MODIS and Aqua-MODIS, respectively, and the smallest occurred in November for both Terra- and Aqua-MODIS at 0.47 ± 0.13 and 0.47 ± 0.10, respectively. The spatial distribution of AOT in spring and summer shows more variation than in autumn and winter. This can be partially attributed to the cleansing effect of precipitation which clears aerosol particles over the whole region in spring and summer and results in a lower AOT outside urban areas, while AOT in urban areas is higher where anthropogenic aerosols build up quickly despite the cleansing effect of the rain.

ACS Style

Z.Y. Xiao; H. Jiang; Xiaodong Song. Aerosol optical thickness over Pearl River Delta region, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 38, 258 -272.

AMA Style

Z.Y. Xiao, H. Jiang, Xiaodong Song. Aerosol optical thickness over Pearl River Delta region, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 38 (1):258-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Z.Y. Xiao; H. Jiang; Xiaodong Song. 2016. "Aerosol optical thickness over Pearl River Delta region, China." International Journal of Remote Sensing 38, no. 1: 258-272.

Articles
Published: 23 September 2016 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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Observations of carbon monoxide (CO) retrieved from Scanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY), Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are compared in this article. To better validate the retrieved data from SCIAMCHY, AIRS, and MOPITT, six surface stations at different locations and with various elevations were chosen. The results show these three instruments can all reflect CO spatial distribution well and show same temporal variations of CO concentration as well as six surface station measurements. MOPITT and AIRS have similar retrieval results with correlation coefficients being mostly over 0.70, except for a sixth field station on Crozet Island. The three satellites all have the ability to monitor CO concentration change on land, but SCIAMCHY results show a relatively larger bias than MOPITT and AIRS in low CO concentration areas because of systematic error.

ACS Style

Linjing Zhang; Hong Jiang; Xuehe Lu; Jiaxin Jin. Comparison analysis of global carbon monoxide concentration derived from SCIAMACHY, AIRS, and MOPITT. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 37, 5155 -5175.

AMA Style

Linjing Zhang, Hong Jiang, Xuehe Lu, Jiaxin Jin. Comparison analysis of global carbon monoxide concentration derived from SCIAMACHY, AIRS, and MOPITT. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 37 (21):5155-5175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linjing Zhang; Hong Jiang; Xuehe Lu; Jiaxin Jin. 2016. "Comparison analysis of global carbon monoxide concentration derived from SCIAMACHY, AIRS, and MOPITT." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 21: 5155-5175.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2016 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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ACS Style

Xuehe Lu; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Jinxun Liu; Jiaxin Jin. Estimating 40 years of nitrogen deposition in global biomes using the SCIAMACHY NO2 column. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 37, 4964 -4978.

AMA Style

Xuehe Lu, Hong Jiang, Xiuying Zhang, Jinxun Liu, Jiaxin Jin. Estimating 40 years of nitrogen deposition in global biomes using the SCIAMACHY NO2 column. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 37 (20):4964-4978.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuehe Lu; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Jinxun Liu; Jiaxin Jin. 2016. "Estimating 40 years of nitrogen deposition in global biomes using the SCIAMACHY NO2 column." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 20: 4964-4978.

Articles
Published: 28 June 2016 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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The present work aims to detect bamboo expansion and its impact on carbon storage in a thick forest in the most recent 30 years. The research area is the national nature reserve of Tianmushan, Zhejiang Province, China, and the present paper monitored bamboo expansion from 1984 to 2015. Multi-spectral band and vegetation indices from Landsat images in summer and winter are used combined to improve the accuracy of detection using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Expansion of bamboo over this period is evident. Total expansion is 161%, the fastest annual rate being 11.6%. However, over recent decades the growth of bamboo has been inhibited by human activity and the total area has decreased by 21%. Evergreen broadleaf forest is the most vulnerable to invasion by bamboo at a ratio of about 65%, and this expanding trend has been brought under effective control. Carbon storage was estimated using sample plot surveys and modelling based on key ecological forests. According to our estimation using carbon storage models, the total carbon storage of Tianmushan has declined by circa 4.7% due to bamboo expansion in the past three decades.

ACS Style

Wang Ying; Jiaxin Jin; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Xuehe Lu; Xiaofeng Chen; Jinmeng Zhang. Satellite-based detection of bamboo expansion over the past 30 years in Mount Tianmushan, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 37, 2908 -2922.

AMA Style

Wang Ying, Jiaxin Jin, Hong Jiang, Xiuying Zhang, Xuehe Lu, Xiaofeng Chen, Jinmeng Zhang. Satellite-based detection of bamboo expansion over the past 30 years in Mount Tianmushan, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 37 (13):2908-2922.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang Ying; Jiaxin Jin; Hong Jiang; Xiuying Zhang; Xuehe Lu; Xiaofeng Chen; Jinmeng Zhang. 2016. "Satellite-based detection of bamboo expansion over the past 30 years in Mount Tianmushan, China." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 13: 2908-2922.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2016 in Science China Earth Sciences
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Ecological geographic regions, also called eco-regions, can be used to divide a remotely sensed image, which is helpful for reducing the complexity of land cover types within eco-regions and for improving the classification accuracy of land cover. In this case study in China, we improved a method of ecological geographic regionalization that is more suitable for remote sensing mapping of regional land cover, and we obtained new eco-regions. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and k-means clustering were adopted in the ecological geographic regionalization using both seasonal remotely-sensed vegetation information and environmental data including climate, elevation and soil features. Our results show that the combination of seasonal vegetation information and the CCA performed well in the selection of the dominant environmental factor of the biogeographic pattern, and it can be used as regionalization indicators of eco-regions. We found that thermal factors are the most important driving forces of the biogeographic pattern in China, which followed by moisture factors. Two global land cover products (MODIS MCD12C1 and GlobCover) were used to assess our eco-regions. The results show that our eco-regions performed better than that of a previous study regarding the complexity of land cover types, such as in the number of types and the proportional area of the major/secondary type. These results indicate that the method of ecological geographic regionalization, which is based on environmental factors associated with seasonal vegetation features, is effective for reducing the regional complexity of land cover.

ACS Style

Jiaxin Jin; Ying Wang; Hong Jiang; Yan Kong; Xuehe Lu; Xiuying Zhang. Improvement of ecological geographic regionalization based on remote sensing and canonical correspondence analysis: A case study in China. Science China Earth Sciences 2016, 59, 1745 -1753.

AMA Style

Jiaxin Jin, Ying Wang, Hong Jiang, Yan Kong, Xuehe Lu, Xiuying Zhang. Improvement of ecological geographic regionalization based on remote sensing and canonical correspondence analysis: A case study in China. Science China Earth Sciences. 2016; 59 (9):1745-1753.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaxin Jin; Ying Wang; Hong Jiang; Yan Kong; Xuehe Lu; Xiuying Zhang. 2016. "Improvement of ecological geographic regionalization based on remote sensing and canonical correspondence analysis: A case study in China." Science China Earth Sciences 59, no. 9: 1745-1753.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Sustainability
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Intact Forest Landscape (IFL) is of great value in protecting biodiversity and supporting core ecological processes. It is important to analyze the spatial variation in the growth dynamics of IFL. This study analyzed the change of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the growing season (April–October) for boreal (45° N–70° N) IFLs and the correlation with climatic variables over the period of 2000–2013. Our results show 85.5% of boreal IFLs did not show a significant change in the NDVI after 2000, and only 10.2% and 4.3% exhibited a statistically significant increase (greening) or decrease (browning) in NDVI, respectively. About 60.9% of the greening boreal IFLs showed that an increasing NDVI was significantly correlated to climatic variables, especially an increasing growing season temperature (over 47.0%). For browning boreal IFLs, a decrease in temperature or an increase in dormancy period precipitation could be the prime reason for a significant decrease in the NDVI. However, about 64.6% of the browning boreal IFLs were insensitive to any of the climatic variables, indicating other factors, such as fire, had caused the browning. Although it did not show a significant trend, the NDVI of 51.3% of no-change boreal IFLs significantly correlated to climatic variables, especially growing season temperatures (over 37.6%).

ACS Style

Jiaxin Jin; Ying Wang; Hong Jiang; Min Cheng. Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables. Sustainability 2016, 8, 326 .

AMA Style

Jiaxin Jin, Ying Wang, Hong Jiang, Min Cheng. Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (4):326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiaxin Jin; Ying Wang; Hong Jiang; Min Cheng. 2016. "Recent NDVI-Based Variation in Growth of Boreal Intact Forest Landscapes and Its Correlation with Climatic Variables." Sustainability 8, no. 4: 326.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2015 in Sustainability
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The Laoshan forest is the largest forest in Nanjing, and it plays an important role in water resource management in Nanjing. The objectives of this study are to determine if the temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) is suitable to estimate the soil moisture and if soil moisture is significantly affected by tree species in the Laoshan forest. This paper calculated the spatial distribution of TVDI using LANDSAT-5 TM data. Sixty-two observation points of in situ soil moisture measurements were selected to validate the effectiveness of the TVDI as an index for assessing soil moisture in the Laoshan forest. With the aid of the three different temporal patterns, which are 10 January 2011, 18 May 2011 and 23 September 2011, this paper used the TVDI to investigate the differences of soil moisture under four kinds of mono-species forests and two kinds of mixed forests. The results showed that there is a strong and significant negative correlation between the TVDI and the in situ measured soil moisture (R2 = 0.15–0.8, SE = 0.015–0.041 cm3/cm3). This means that the TVDI can reflect the soil moisture status under different tree species in the Laoshan forest. The soil moisture under these six types of land cover from low to high is listed in the following order: Eucommia ulmoides, Quercus acutissima, broadleaf mixed forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata, coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest and Pinus massoniana.

ACS Style

Shulin Chen; Zuomin Wen; Hong Jiang; Qingjian Zhao; Xiuying Zhang; Yan Chen. Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index Estimation of Soil Moisture under Different Tree Species. Sustainability 2015, 7, 11401 -11417.

AMA Style

Shulin Chen, Zuomin Wen, Hong Jiang, Qingjian Zhao, Xiuying Zhang, Yan Chen. Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index Estimation of Soil Moisture under Different Tree Species. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (9):11401-11417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shulin Chen; Zuomin Wen; Hong Jiang; Qingjian Zhao; Xiuying Zhang; Yan Chen. 2015. "Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index Estimation of Soil Moisture under Different Tree Species." Sustainability 7, no. 9: 11401-11417.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2012 in Atmospheric Environment
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Acid rain is a major regional-scale environmental problem in China. To control acid rain pollution and to protect the ecological environment, it is urgent to document acid rain patterns in various regions of China. Taking Liaoning Province as the study area, the present work focused on the spatial and temporal variations of acid rains in northeastern China. It presents a means for predicting the occurrence of acid rain using geographic position, terrain characteristics, routinely monitored meteorological factors and column concentrations of atmospheric SO2 and NO2. The analysis applies a decision tree approach to the foregoing observation data. Results showed that: (1) acid rain occurred at 17 stations among the 81 monitoring stations in Liaoning Province, with the frequency of acid rain from 0 to 84.38%; (2) summer had the most acid rain occurrences followed by spring and autumn, and the winter had the least; (3) the total accuracy for the simulation of precipitation pH (pH ≤ 4.5, 4.5 < pH ≤ 5.6, and pH > 5.6) was 98.04% using the decision tree method known as C5. The simulation results also indicated that the distance to coastline, elevation, wind direction, wind speed, rainfall amount, atmospheric pressure, and the precursors of acid rain all have a strong influence on the occurrence of acid rains in northeastern China.

ACS Style

Xiuying Zhang; Hong Jiang; Jiaxin Jin; Xiaohua Xu; Qingxin Zhang. Analysis of acid rain patterns in northeastern China using a decision tree method. Atmospheric Environment 2012, 46, 590 -596.

AMA Style

Xiuying Zhang, Hong Jiang, Jiaxin Jin, Xiaohua Xu, Qingxin Zhang. Analysis of acid rain patterns in northeastern China using a decision tree method. Atmospheric Environment. 2012; 46 ():590-596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiuying Zhang; Hong Jiang; Jiaxin Jin; Xiaohua Xu; Qingxin Zhang. 2012. "Analysis of acid rain patterns in northeastern China using a decision tree method." Atmospheric Environment 46, no. : 590-596.

Original articles
Published: 22 December 2011 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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Soil moisture saturation indicates the capability of the vegetation humus layer and the soil layer to reabsorb and drain water in an area; it is crucial in predicting natural disasters, such as landslides and droughts. In this article, a model was created to retrieve soil moisture saturation based on multispectral remotely sensed data. Soil brightness and soil wetness, calculated from the tasseled cap transformation, were utilized to obtain soil moisture saturation. With the above model, a soil moisture saturation map of Maoergai District, which is located on the upper Minjiang River in northern Sichuan Province in the south-west of China, was created from a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image in July 2002. Then, the soil type data and the vegetation distribution data of the year 2000 were used to evaluate the model. The result shows that the model for soil moisture saturation is viable and that the vegetation type, vegetation distribution and soil type have strong correlation with soil moisture saturation.

ACS Style

Ji Jian; Wunian Yang; Hong Jiang; Xinnan Wan; Yuxia Li; Li Peng. A model for retrieving soil moisture saturation with Landsat remotely sensed data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2011, 33, 4553 -4566.

AMA Style

Ji Jian, Wunian Yang, Hong Jiang, Xinnan Wan, Yuxia Li, Li Peng. A model for retrieving soil moisture saturation with Landsat remotely sensed data. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2011; 33 (14):4553-4566.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji Jian; Wunian Yang; Hong Jiang; Xinnan Wan; Yuxia Li; Li Peng. 2011. "A model for retrieving soil moisture saturation with Landsat remotely sensed data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 33, no. 14: 4553-4566.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2008 in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
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ACS Style

Linyan Zhang; Hong Jiang; Xiaohua Wei; Qiuan Zhu; Shirong Liu; Pengsen Sun; Jingtao Liu. Evapotranspiration in the Meso-Scale Forested Watersheds in Minjiang Valley, West China1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2008, 44, 1154 -1163.

AMA Style

Linyan Zhang, Hong Jiang, Xiaohua Wei, Qiuan Zhu, Shirong Liu, Pengsen Sun, Jingtao Liu. Evapotranspiration in the Meso-Scale Forested Watersheds in Minjiang Valley, West China1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2008; 44 (5):1154-1163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linyan Zhang; Hong Jiang; Xiaohua Wei; Qiuan Zhu; Shirong Liu; Pengsen Sun; Jingtao Liu. 2008. "Evapotranspiration in the Meso-Scale Forested Watersheds in Minjiang Valley, West China1." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44, no. 5: 1154-1163.