An effective MPPT approach plays a significant role in increasing the efficiency of a PV system. Solar energy is a rich renewable energy source that is supplied to the earth in surplus by the sun. Solar PV systems are designed to utilize sunlight in order to meet the energy needs of the user. Due to unreliable climatic conditions, these PV frames have a non-linear characteristic that has a significant impact on their yield. Moreover, PSCs also affect the performance of PV systems in yielding maximum power. A significant progression in solar PV installations has resulted in rapid growth of MPPT techniques. As a result, a variety of MPPT approaches have been used to enhance the power yield of PV systems along with their advantages and disadvantages. Thus, it is essential for researchers to appraise developed MPPT strategies appropriately on regular basis. This study is novel because it provides an in-depth assessment of the current state of MPPT strategies for PV systems. On account of novelty, the authors analyzed the successive growth in MPPT strategies along with working principles, mathematical modeling, and simplified flow charts for better understanding by new learners. Moreover, the taxonomy and pro and cons of conventional and AI-based MPPT techniques are explored comprehensively. In addition, a comparative study based on key characteristics of PV system of all MPPT algorithms is depicted in a table, which can be used as a reference by various researchers while designing PV systems.

Recognizing the challenges faced by power lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the concept of integrated battery systems emerges as a promising avenue. This offers the potential for higher energy densities and assuaging concerns surrounding electric vehicle range anxiety. Moreover, mechanical design optimization, though previously overlooked, is gaining traction among researchers as a viable alternative to achieve enhanced energy and power densities. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent research and progress in this domain, emphasizing the significance of battery architectures in enabling the widespread adoption of electric mobility. Beginning with an exploration of fundamental principles underlying LIB systems, the paper discusses various architectures involving different cell form factors, like pouch cells, cylindrical cells, and prismatic cells, along with their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, it reviews recent research trends, highlighting innovations aimed at enhancing battery performance, energy density, and safety through advanced battery system architecture. Through case studies and discussions on challenges and future directions, the paper underscores the critical role of advanced battery system architecture in driving the evolution of e-mobility and shaping the sustainable transportation landscape.

Frequency Locked Loop-Based Control Algorithm with Enhanced Second-Order Generalized Integrator for PV-Battery Integrated System to Improve Power Quality