In this study, the synthesis and properties of β-cyclodextrin-functionalized silver nanoparticles and their loading with a drug component are considered. β-Cyclodextrin was used as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles. The use of β-CD-AgNPs in loading molecules of the alkaloid cytisine (Cz) and its O,O-dimethyl-N-cytisinilphosphate (CzP) derivative, which have pronounced antiviral properties, was studied. The formation of β-CD-Cz-AgNPs and β-CD-CzP-AgNPs was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the obtained β-CD-Cz-AgNP and β-CD-CzP-AgNP nanocomposites were well dispersed with particle sizes in the range of 3–20 nm. ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR and COSY, HMQC, HMBC and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the reduction and encapsulation of AgNPs by β-Cz, and the TEM imaging results showed an increase in the size of nanoparticles after the introduction of cytisine and its phosphorus derivative. The kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation process of β-CD, Cz, CzP and their inclusion complexes Cz(CzP)-β-CD-AgNPs under isothermal conditions, which ensure the preservation of the kinetic triplet, were determined. The differences in the mechanism of thermal decomposition of the studied materials are described by the parameters of the Šesták–Berggren model (m and n), which demonstrated differences for different compounds: for β-CD, the values of the parameters m and n are 0.47 and 0.53, respectively, while for CzP-β-CD-AgNPs they reach values of 0.66 and 1.34. These results indicate differences in the mechanism of thermal decomposition of the studied materials.

The data on the synthesis of N-aminomorpholine hydrazones are presented. It is shown that the interaction of N-aminomorpholine with functionally substituted benzaldehydes and 4-pyridinaldehyde in isopropyl alcohol leads to the formation of corresponding hydrazones. The structure of the synthesized compounds was studied by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy methods, including the COSY (¹H-¹H), HMQC (¹H-¹³C) and HMBC (¹H-¹³C) methodologies. The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integral intensity of ¹H and ¹³C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra were determined. The COSY (¹H-¹H), HMQC (¹H-¹³C), and HMBC (¹H-¹³C) results revealed homo- and heteronuclear interactions, confirming the structure of the studied compounds. The antiviral, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activity of some synthesized hydrazones were investigated. It is shown that 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid has a pronounced viral inhibitory property, comparable in its activity to commercial drugs Tamiflu and Remantadine. A docking study was performed using the influenza virus protein models (1930 Swine H1 Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of 1918 H1N1 strain). The potential binding sites that are complementary with 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid were found.

The synthetic availability and wide range of biological activity of hydrazides and hydrazones make them attractive subjects for investigation. In this study, we focused on synthesis of 2-methyl-5-nitro-6-phenylnicotinohydrazide-based hydrazones derived from the corresponding substituted aldehydes. The structure of the obtained compounds was studied using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. After repeated recrystallization, all the synthesized compounds remained as mixtures of isomers. As a result of a detailed analysis, we found that the duplication and bifurcation of signals in the ¹H NMR spectra for some atoms is a consequence of the existence of four isomers, namely Z-I, Z-II, E-I and E-II. Duplicate proton signals with a chemical shift difference of 0.1–0.2 ppm and in a ratio of about 2:1 were noticed in the experimental data. By modeling the structures of individual configurations and conformations, Gibbs free energy values were obtained, which allowed us to estimate the approximate content of rotamers for the E-isomer equal to 3:2, which coincided with experimental data. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds.

The paper presents the synthesis of new naphthyl-containing derivatives of thiosemicarbazide and thiourea, their water-soluble inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin, as well as an assessment of their potential antiviral and hemorheological activity. As a criterion for the specific antiviral effect of new compounds, their chemotherapeutic indices were calculated using predictive analytics tools driven by artificial intelligence and molecular docking methods. Molecular docking studies with three protein targets PknB (2FUM), DprE1 (6HEZ), and InhA (1ENY) confirmed strong and specific ligand–protein interactions. The effects of structural features of new compounds on the rheological characteristics of blood were considered, and the most promising samples were identified for further in-depth in vitro study of their specific biological activity. The performed thermoanalytical study showed that the structure of the included ligand, as well as the shape of the receptor, significantly affect the thermal stability and kinetic parameters of the decomposition of the inclusion complex. In silico evaluation of the newly synthesized compounds revealed promising biological activity profiles, with all compounds demonstrating predicted antimycobacterial and antituberculosis potential. In silico analysis of the newly synthesized compounds revealed favorable biological activity profiles, with all candidates demonstrating predicted antimycobacterial and antituberculosis potential.

Бұл мақалада табиғи олигоқант β-тұйықдекстриннің ерітіндісіндегі күміс иондарының тотықсыздану сипатына әртүрлі жағдайлардың әсерін зерттеу нәтижелері ұсынылған. Олигоқант бір мезгілде алынған күміс нанобөлшектері үшін тотықсыздандырғыш және тұрақтандырғыш ретінде қолданылды. Сулы-сілтілік ортада нанобөлшектердің тотықсыздану және түзілу процестеріне ерітіндінің рН және температурасының әсері зерттелді. Ортаның сілтілігінің өзгеруі бөлшектердің өлшеміне және реакция ортасындағы ультракүлгін беттік плазмон максимумының сипатына әсер ететіні көрсетілді. Әлсіз сілтілі ортада наноөлшемді өлшемді бөлшектер түзілетіні көрсетілді. β-Олигоқанттың күміс нанобөлшектерімен әрекеттесуі УК, ИҚ және ЯМР спектроскопиясын әдістемелерін қолдану арқылы анықталды. β-Олигоқанттың қатысуымен беттік плазмон резонанс жолағының батохромдық ығысуы анықталды, бұл күміс нанобөлшектері бар β-олигоқант кешенінің түзілуін көрсетеді. ИҚ-спектроскопиялық талдау β-олигоқанттың гидроксил топтарының депротонациясын тотықсыздану процестерінің нәтижесінде және олардың күміс нанобөлшектерін тұрақтандырудағы рөлін анықтады. 1H және 13C ЯМР деректері әлсіз ван-дер-Ваальс және олигоқанттың H-3 және H-5 протондарын қамтитын электростатикалық «қожайын-қонақ» өзара әрекеттесулерін көрсетті. Алынған эксперименттік деректер сілтілі орта нанобөлшек бетінде тұрақтандырғыш жабын қалыптастыру арқылы суда еритін β-олигоқант-AgNPs клатрат нанокомпозитінің түзілуіне ықпал етеді деген қорытындыға әкелді.

В работе представлены результаты синтеза, структурной трансформации и исследования новых сульфонамидных производных 3,5-диметилизоксазола (3,5-ДМИ) с участием молекул природного алкалоида цитизина (ЦН) и N-аминоморфолина (N-AM). Актуальность исследования обусловлена широким спектром биологической активности сульфопроизводных азолов и перспективностью создания новых ингибиторов карбоангидразы на их основе. Синтез новых соединений осуществлен путем сульфохлорирования 3,5-диметилизоксазола с последующим взаимодействием полученного сульфохлорида с цитизином и N-аминоморфолином. Для получения винилзамещенного производного проведена конденсация с п-хлорбензальдегидом, позволившая установить региоселективность реакции по метильной группе в 5-положении изоксазольного цикла. Структуры синтезированных соединений подтверждены комплексом современных физико-химических методов, включающих одномерную (1H и 13C) и двумерную ЯМР-спектроскопию (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), масс-спектрометрию и рентгеноструктурный анализ. Совокупность полученных спектральных и кристаллографических данных позволила достоверно установить молекулярный состав, идентифицировать основные структурные фрагменты, подтвердить характер их взаимного расположения и особенности пространственного строения исследуемых соединений. Исследования позволили установить особенности электронного и пространственного строения полученных соединений, определить их конформационные характеристики и характер внутримолекулярных и межмолекулярных взаимодействий. На основании совокупности спектроскопических, масс-спектрометрических и рентгеноструктурных данных подтверждено формирование целевых молекулярных структур и определены особенности взаимного расположения функциональных и гетероциклических фрагментов. Показано, что введение сульфонамидной группы существенно влияет на электронное строение и реакционную способность изоксазольного фрагмента, обеспечивая селективное образование новых функционализированных производных и формирование устойчивой молекулярной архитектуры. Полученные результаты расширяют возможности направленной модификации изоксазольных систем с участием молекул природных соединений и создают основу для дальнейшего поиска биологически активных соединений с потенциальной фармакологической активностью.