In this study, the synthesis and properties of β-cyclodextrin-functionalized silver nanoparticles and their loading with a drug component are considered. β-Cyclodextrin was used as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the preparation of silver nanoparticles. The use of β-CD-AgNPs in loading molecules of the alkaloid cytisine (Cz) and its O,O-dimethyl-N-cytisinilphosphate (CzP) derivative, which have pronounced antiviral properties, was studied. The formation of β-CD-Cz-AgNPs and β-CD-CzP-AgNPs was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the obtained β-CD-Cz-AgNP and β-CD-CzP-AgNP nanocomposites were well dispersed with particle sizes in the range of 3–20 nm. ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR and COSY, HMQC, HMBC and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the reduction and encapsulation of AgNPs by β-Cz, and the TEM imaging results showed an increase in the size of nanoparticles after the introduction of cytisine and its phosphorus derivative. The kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation process of β-CD, Cz, CzP and their inclusion complexes Cz(CzP)-β-CD-AgNPs under isothermal conditions, which ensure the preservation of the kinetic triplet, were determined. The differences in the mechanism of thermal decomposition of the studied materials are described by the parameters of the Šesták–Berggren model (m and n), which demonstrated differences for different compounds: for β-CD, the values of the parameters m and n are 0.47 and 0.53, respectively, while for CzP-β-CD-AgNPs they reach values of 0.66 and 1.34. These results indicate differences in the mechanism of thermal decomposition of the studied materials.

The data on the synthesis of N-aminomorpholine hydrazones are presented. It is shown that the interaction of N-aminomorpholine with functionally substituted benzaldehydes and 4-pyridinaldehyde in isopropyl alcohol leads to the formation of corresponding hydrazones. The structure of the synthesized compounds was studied by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy methods, including the COSY (¹H-¹H), HMQC (¹H-¹³C) and HMBC (¹H-¹³C) methodologies. The values of chemical shifts, multiplicity, and integral intensity of ¹H and ¹³C signals in one-dimensional NMR spectra were determined. The COSY (¹H-¹H), HMQC (¹H-¹³C), and HMBC (¹H-¹³C) results revealed homo- and heteronuclear interactions, confirming the structure of the studied compounds. The antiviral, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activity of some synthesized hydrazones were investigated. It is shown that 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid has a pronounced viral inhibitory property, comparable in its activity to commercial drugs Tamiflu and Remantadine. A docking study was performed using the influenza virus protein models (1930 Swine H1 Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase of 1918 H1N1 strain). The potential binding sites that are complementary with 2-((morpholinoimino)methyl)benzoic acid were found.

The synthetic availability and wide range of biological activity of hydrazides and hydrazones make them attractive subjects for investigation. In this study, we focused on synthesis of 2-methyl-5-nitro-6-phenylnicotinohydrazide-based hydrazones derived from the corresponding substituted aldehydes. The structure of the obtained compounds was studied using NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. After repeated recrystallization, all the synthesized compounds remained as mixtures of isomers. As a result of a detailed analysis, we found that the duplication and bifurcation of signals in the ¹H NMR spectra for some atoms is a consequence of the existence of four isomers, namely Z-I, Z-II, E-I and E-II. Duplicate proton signals with a chemical shift difference of 0.1–0.2 ppm and in a ratio of about 2:1 were noticed in the experimental data. By modeling the structures of individual configurations and conformations, Gibbs free energy values were obtained, which allowed us to estimate the approximate content of rotamers for the E-isomer equal to 3:2, which coincided with experimental data. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds.

This article has studied the synthesis of a new derivative of the known alkaloid cytisine contained in the seeds of plants of Cytisus laburnum L. and Thermopsis lanceolata R.Br., both of the Lugiminosae family. The new compound has been obtained from two biologically active compounds, such as isoxazole and cytisine. It has been demonstrated that the reaction led to the single-stage method under very mild conditions to obtain 4-[(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]cytisine. This class of compounds is promising for obtaining the new biologically active compounds. This article has examined, in detail, a structure with using the ¹H and ¹³C NMR and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of COSY (¹H-¹H), HMQC (¹H-¹³C) and HMBC (¹H-¹³C). As a result, the homo- and heteronuclear spin-spin couplings should be established. The X-ray diffraction analysis has determined the spatial structure of a new derivative based on the cytisine alkaloid. Thus, its hemorheological activity has been studied.

This study presents the results of a study of the synthesis and properties of 2-hydroxy-β-cyclodextrin functionalized by silver nanoparticles and its loading with a bioactive component. As a reducing agent and stabilizer, 2-Hydroxy-β-cyclodextrin (2gβCD) was used in the production of silver nanoparticles. The use of 2gβCD-AgNPs in loading molecules of the plant alkaloid lupinine (Lup) and its acetyl derivative (Lac) with bactericidal properties were studied. The formation of Lup-2gβCD-AgNPs and Lac-2gβCD-AgNPs was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the synthesized AgNPs had a spherical shape. ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the reduction and encapsulation of AgNPs by 2gβCD. Thermographic data show that the obtained Lup and its derivative inclusion complexes reduced energy barriers. This makes them promising components for thermosensitive functional materials. Encapsulated complexes of Lup and its acetate inclusion with silver nanoparticles demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher antibacterial, cytotoxic, and moderately pronounced analgesic activity.

An important aspect of food technology is that vitamin compounds can be used for a variety of purposes, such as developing methods to enhance the nutritional value of foods. This paper discusses the synthesis and properties of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-functionalized silver nanoparticles, and the use of the resulting β-CD-AgNP inclusion complex when loading vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol, VD₃) molecules. β-Cyclodextrin was used as a reducing agent and a stabilizer in the production of silver nanoparticles. The preparation of VD₃-β-CD-AgNP nanocompositions was confirmed by UV spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the resulting β-CD-VD₃-AgNP nanocomposite was well dispersed with particle sizes ranging from 6 to 15 nm. ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy showed the reduction of silver ions and the formation of β-CD-encapsulated AgNPs. The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition reaction of the VD₃-β-CD-AgNP nanocomposition have been determined under nonisothermal conditions that ensure the preservation of the kinetic triplet and a more accurate description of the process. The nanocomposition of VD₃ with silver nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial activity against the used bacteria.