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Prof. Dr. Nicu Bizon
University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, 1 Targu din Vale, Arges county, Romania

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Energy Management
0 Power Electronics
0 Renewable Energy
0 Energy Technologies
0 microgrid

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Energy Management
Renewable Energy
Hybrid Power Systems
microgrid
Energy Storage Systems
Electric Vehicle
Power Electronics
Fuel cell vehicle

Honors and Awards

Senior member, 2016

IEEE


The “Spiru Haret" Award of MLNR and the Romanian Academy for 2016

Romanian Academy




Career Timeline

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Short Biography

Nicu Bizon (M’06), was born in Albesti de Muscel, Arges county, Romania, 1961. He received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from the University “Polytechnic” of Bucharest, Romania, in 1986, and the PhD degree in Automatic Systems and Control from the same university, in 1996. From 1996 to 1989, he was in hardware design with the Dacia Renault SA, Romania. He is currently professor with the University of Pitesti, Romania. He received two awards from Romanian Academy in 2013 and 2016. He is editor of eight books and more than 400 papers in scientific fields related to Energy, which it is his current research interest. His current research interests include the broad area of nonlinear systems, on both dynamics and control, and power electronics. He is Executive manager of the Department Research Centre, chief editor for Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science http://jeeeccs.net and International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering http://www.iotpe.com/IJTPE/EditorialBoard.html , Associate Editor for several journals (https://digital-library.theiet.org/journals/iet-rpg/editorial-board, http://ojs.whioce.com/index.php/vd, www.dergipark.gov.tr/jes etc.) and general chair of ECAI Conference http://ecai.ro/ . He is IEEE Senior Member (2016) and member of the Romanian History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (CRIFT), Romanian Academy, Pitesti branch (2010).

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Conference
Pitesti, Romania
Date: 1-3 July 2021
Conference organizer :
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Nicu Bizon
Project

Project Goal: Development of an Energy Storage Unit Using High Temperature Superconducting Coil

Starting Date:01 October 2017

Current Stage: implemented

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Project

Project Goal: Experimental validation of a propulsion system for a fuel cell light vehicle

Starting Date:01 March 2017

Current Stage: implemented

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Project

Project Goal: Data Collection for Smart Grid

Starting Date:01 October 2016

Current Stage: implemented

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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Sustainability
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This paper presents the utilization of differential flatness techniques from nonlinear control theory to permanent magnet assisted (PMa) synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). The significant advantage of the proposed control approach is the potentiality to establish the behavior of the state variable system during the steady-state and transients operations as well. The mathematical models of PMa-SynRM are initially proved by the nonlinear case to show the flatness property. Then, the intelligent proportional-integral (iPI) is utilized as a control law to deal with some inevitable modeling errors and uncertainties for the torque and speed of the motor. Finally, a MicroLab Box dSPACE has been employed to implement the proposed control scheme. A small-scale test bench 1-KW relying on the PMa-SynRM has been designed and developed in the laboratory to approve the proposed control algorithm. The experimental results reflect that the proposed control effectively performs high performance during dynamic operating conditions for the inner torque loop control and outer speed loop control of the motor drive compared to the traditional PI control.

ACS Style

Songklod Sriprang; Nitchamon Poonnoy; Damien Guilbert; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Noureddine Takorabet; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Design, Modeling, and Differential Flatness Based Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for e-Vehicle Applications. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9502 .

AMA Style

Songklod Sriprang, Nitchamon Poonnoy, Damien Guilbert, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Noureddine Takorabet, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Design, Modeling, and Differential Flatness Based Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for e-Vehicle Applications. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Songklod Sriprang; Nitchamon Poonnoy; Damien Guilbert; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Noureddine Takorabet; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Design, Modeling, and Differential Flatness Based Control of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor for e-Vehicle Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9502.

Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in interconnecting physical and virtual objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies intending to connect and exchange data with devices and systems around the globe over the Internet. With a multitude of features to offer, IoT is a boon to mankind, but just as two sides of a coin, the technology, with its lack of securing information, may result in a big bane. It is estimated that by the year 2030, there will be nearly 25.44 billion IoT devices connected worldwide. Due to the unprecedented growth, IoT is endangered by numerous attacks, impairments, and misuses due to challenges such as resource limitations, heterogeneity, lack of standardization, architecture, etc. It is known that almost 98% of IoT traffic is not encrypted, exposing confidential and personal information on the network. To implement such a technology in the near future, a comprehensive implementation of security, privacy, authentication, and recovery is required. Therefore, in this paper, the comprehensive taxonomy of security and threats within the IoT paradigm is discussed. We also provide insightful findings, presumptions, and outcomes of the challenges to assist IoT developers to address risks and security flaws for better protection. A five-layer and a seven-layer IoT architecture are presented in addition to the existing three-layer architecture. The communication standards and the protocols, along with the threats and attacks corresponding to these three architectures, are discussed. In addition, the impact of different threats and attacks along with their detection, mitigation, and prevention are comprehensively presented. The state-of-the-art solutions to enhance security features in IoT devices are proposed based on Blockchain (BC) technology, Fog Computing (FC), Edge Computing (EC), and Machine Learning (ML), along with some open research problems.

ACS Style

Ritika Raj Krishna; Aanchal Priyadarshini; Amitkumar V. Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon. State-of-the-Art Review on IoT Threats and Attacks: Taxonomy, Challenges and Solutions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9463 .

AMA Style

Ritika Raj Krishna, Aanchal Priyadarshini, Amitkumar V. Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon. State-of-the-Art Review on IoT Threats and Attacks: Taxonomy, Challenges and Solutions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ritika Raj Krishna; Aanchal Priyadarshini; Amitkumar V. Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon. 2021. "State-of-the-Art Review on IoT Threats and Attacks: Taxonomy, Challenges and Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9463.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Electronics
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A terminal synergetic control (TSC) is designed in this work for a rotor side converter (RSC) of asynchronous generator (ASG)-based dual-rotor wind power (DRWP) systems. The design is based on a novel sliding manifold and aims at improving the ASG performance while minimizing active and reactive power undulations. The method performance and its effectiveness were studied under harmonic distortion (THD) of current, parameter variations and power undulations. Simulation results, carried out using Matlab software, confirmed the system’s robustness against parameter variations and its effectiveness in power undulations. The performance of the designed technique was further compared to that of integral-proportional (PI) controllers in terms of parameter variations, power undulations and THD value of current. While both controllers were able to reduce the effects of power undulations and protect the rotor circuit against over-currents, the proposed TSC was shown to be more effective than the classical PI controller in tracking power and minimizing the undulations effect.

ACS Style

Habib Benbouhenni; Nicu Bizon. Terminal Synergetic Control for Direct Active and Reactive Powers in Asynchronous Generator-Based Dual-Rotor Wind Power Systems. Electronics 2021, 10, 1880 .

AMA Style

Habib Benbouhenni, Nicu Bizon. Terminal Synergetic Control for Direct Active and Reactive Powers in Asynchronous Generator-Based Dual-Rotor Wind Power Systems. Electronics. 2021; 10 (16):1880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Habib Benbouhenni; Nicu Bizon. 2021. "Terminal Synergetic Control for Direct Active and Reactive Powers in Asynchronous Generator-Based Dual-Rotor Wind Power Systems." Electronics 10, no. 16: 1880.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2021 in Electronics
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The present article proposes a three-phase resonant boost inverter (TPRBI) to feed a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor at the requested torque with low ripples due to the sinusoidal current injected into the PMBLDC motor. PMBLDC motors have the highest torque-to-weight ratio compared to other motors and are the best choice for electric vehicle applications. Conventionally, these motors are driven by voltage source inverters (VSI) with trapezoidal current injection, introducing unwanted torque ripples. Moreover, due to the buck operation of VSI, an extra power conversion stage is required to elevate the battery voltage level to desired DC-link voltage. This extra stage increases the number of components used, complexity of control and decreases the efficiency and reliability of the overall system. TPRBI injects sinusoidal current in the PMBLDC motor in the proposed method, thus minimizing the torque ripples. The proposed inverter also has an inherent voltage boost characteristic, thus eliminating the extra power conversion stage. The single-stage conversion from DC to boosted sinusoidal AC enhances the system reliability and efficiency and minimizes the cost and weight of the system. A MATLAB/Simulink model is presented along with simulation results and mathematical validation. A comparative evaluation of the proposed system with the conventional VSI-fed PMBLDC motor is presented in terms of induced torque ripples.

ACS Style

Prabhat Tripathi; Vijaya Laxmi; Ritesh Keshri; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A Three-Phase Resonant Boost Inverter Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles. Electronics 2021, 10, 1799 .

AMA Style

Prabhat Tripathi, Vijaya Laxmi, Ritesh Keshri, AmitKumar Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A Three-Phase Resonant Boost Inverter Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles. Electronics. 2021; 10 (15):1799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prabhat Tripathi; Vijaya Laxmi; Ritesh Keshri; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A Three-Phase Resonant Boost Inverter Fed Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicles." Electronics 10, no. 15: 1799.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Energies
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A synergetic sliding mode (SSM) approach is designed to address the drawbacks of the direct field-oriented control (DFOC) of the induction generators (IGs) integrated into variable speed dual-rotor wind power (DRWP) systems with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. Using SSM controllers in the DFOC strategy, the active power, electromagnetic torque, and reactive power ripples are reduced compared to traditional DFOC using proportional-integral (PI) controllers. This proposed strategy, associated with SSM controllers, produces efficient state estimation. The effectiveness of the designed DFOC strategy has been evaluated on variable speed DRWP systems with the MPPT technique.

ACS Style

Habib Benbouhenni; Nicu Bizon. A Synergetic Sliding Mode Controller Applied to Direct Field-Oriented Control of Induction Generator-Based Variable Speed Dual-Rotor Wind Turbines. Energies 2021, 14, 4437 .

AMA Style

Habib Benbouhenni, Nicu Bizon. A Synergetic Sliding Mode Controller Applied to Direct Field-Oriented Control of Induction Generator-Based Variable Speed Dual-Rotor Wind Turbines. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Habib Benbouhenni; Nicu Bizon. 2021. "A Synergetic Sliding Mode Controller Applied to Direct Field-Oriented Control of Induction Generator-Based Variable Speed Dual-Rotor Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 15: 4437.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Sustainability
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The cascaded connection of power converters in a DC microgrid may cause instabilities. Indeed, power converters operating as external loads exhibit constant power load (CPL) behaviors. In this study, the design of the feedback controller of a multi–cell interleaved fuel cell (FC) step–up power circuit is based on the adaptive Hamiltonian control law. It includes two integral terms to confirm that there is no steady-state error in the DC bus voltage, and to guarantee the current balancing of each input inductor current. The design confirms that the desired equilibrium point is (locally) asymptotically stable by using the Lyapunov stability proof. The control approach is validated via digital simulations and experimental tests performed with a 2500 W FC converter supplied by an FC/reformer size of 2500 W and 50 V.

ACS Style

Phatiphat Thounthong; Pongsiri Mungporn; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Nicu Bizon; Serge Pierfederici; Damien Guilbert. Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8093 .

AMA Style

Phatiphat Thounthong, Pongsiri Mungporn, Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh, Nicu Bizon, Serge Pierfederici, Damien Guilbert. Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):8093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phatiphat Thounthong; Pongsiri Mungporn; Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh; Nicu Bizon; Serge Pierfederici; Damien Guilbert. 2021. "Improved Adaptive Hamiltonian Control Law for Constant Power Load Stability Issue in DC Microgrid: Case Study for Multiphase Interleaved Fuel Cell Boost Converter." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 8093.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2021 in Electronics
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In this paper, a new control of the DC–DC power converter that interfaces the fuel cell (FC) system with the DC bus of the photovoltaic (PV) power system is proposed to increase the battery lifespan by its operating in charge-sustained mode. Thus, the variability of the PV power and the load demand is compensated by the FC power generated considering the power flows balance on the DC bus. During peak PV power, if the PV power exceeds the load demand, then the excess power on the DC bus will power an electrolyzer. The FC system operation as a backup energy source is optimized using a new fuel economy strategy proposed for fueling regulators. The fuel optimization function considers the fuel efficiency and electrical efficiency of the FC system to maximize fuel economy. The fuel economy obtained in the scenarios considered in this study is compared with reference strategies reported in the literature. For example, under scenarios considered in this paper, the fuel economy is between 4.82–20.71% and 1.64–3.34% compared to a commercial strategy based on static feed-forward (sFF) control and an advanced strategy recently proposed in the literature, respectively.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Multi-Objective Energy Management Strategy for PV/FC Hybrid Power Systems. Electronics 2021, 10, 1721 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Multi-Objective Energy Management Strategy for PV/FC Hybrid Power Systems. Electronics. 2021; 10 (14):1721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Multi-Objective Energy Management Strategy for PV/FC Hybrid Power Systems." Electronics 10, no. 14: 1721.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Sustainability
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In this work, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for its application to a new piezoelectric wind energy harvester (PWEH) has been designed and implemented. The motivation for such MPPT unit comes from the power scales of the piezoelectric layers being in the order of μW. In addition, the output generates highly disturbed voltage waveforms with high total harmonic distortion (THD), thereby high THD values cause a certain power loss at the output of the PWEH system and an intense motivation is given to design and implement the system. The proposed MPPT system is widely used for many different harvesting studies, however, in this paper it has been used at the first time for such a distorted waveform to our best knowledge. The MPPT consists of a rectifier unit storing the rectified energy into a capacitor with a certain voltage called VOC (i.e., the open circuit voltage of the harvester), then a dc-dc converter is used with the help of the MPPT unit using the half of VOC as the critical value for the performance of the control. It has been demonstrated that the power loss is nearly half of the power for the MPPT-free system, the efficiency has been increased with a rate of 98% and power consumption is measured as low as 5.29 μW.

ACS Style

Erol Kurt; Davut Özhan; Nicu Bizon; Jose Lopez-Guede. Design and Implementation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking System for a Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester Generating High Harmonicity. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7709 .

AMA Style

Erol Kurt, Davut Özhan, Nicu Bizon, Jose Lopez-Guede. Design and Implementation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking System for a Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester Generating High Harmonicity. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erol Kurt; Davut Özhan; Nicu Bizon; Jose Lopez-Guede. 2021. "Design and Implementation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking System for a Piezoelectric Wind Energy Harvester Generating High Harmonicity." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7709.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Energies
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The smart grid (SG), which has revolutionized the power grid, is being further improved by using the burgeoning cyber physical system (CPS) technology. The conceptualization of SG using CPS, which is referred to as the smart grid cyber physical system (SGCPS), has gained a momentum with the synchrophasor measurements. The edifice of the synchrophasor system is its communication network referred to as a synchrophasor communication network (SCN), which is used to communicate the synchrophasor data from the sensors known as phasor measurement units (PMUs) to the control center known as the phasor data concentrator (PDC). However, the SCN is vulnerable to hardware and software failures that introduce risk. Thus, an appropriate risk assessment framework for the SCN is needed to alleviate the risk in the protection and control of the SGCPS. In this direction, a comprehensive risk assessment framework has been proposed in this article for three types of SCNs, namely: dedicated SCN, shared SCN and hybrid SCN in an SGCPS. The proposed framework uses hardware reliability as well as data reliability to evaluate the associated risk. A simplified hardware reliability model has been proposed for each of these networks, based on failure probability to assess risk associated with hardware failures. Furthermore, the packet delivery ratio (PDR) metric is considered for measuring risk associated with data reliability. To mimic practical shared and hybrid SCNs, the risk associated with data reliability is evaluated for different background traffics of 70%, 80% and 95% using 64 Kbps and 300 Kbps PMU data rates. The analytical results are meticulously validated by considering a case study of West Bengal’s (a state in India) power grid. With respect to the case study, different SCNs are designed and simulated using the QualNet network simulator. The simulations are performed for dedicated SCN, shared SCN and hybrid SCN with 64 Kbps and 300 Kbps PMU data rates. The simulation results are comprehensively analyzed for risk hedging of the proposed SCNs with data reliability and hardware reliability. To summarize, the mean risk with data reliability (RwDR) as compared to the mean risk with hardware reliability (RwHR) increases in shared SCN and hybrid SCN by a factor of 17.108 and 23.278, respectively. However, minimum RwDR increases in shared and hybrid SCN by a factor of 16.005 and 17.717, respectively, as compared to the corresponding minimum RwHR. The overall analysis reveals that the RwDR is minimum for dedicated SCN, moderate for shared SCN, and highest for hybrid SCN.

ACS Style

AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Abu Ghazali; Nicu Bizon. A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Framework for Synchrophasor Communication Networks in a Smart Grid Cyber Physical System with a Case Study. Energies 2021, 14, 3428 .

AMA Style

AmitKumar Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Abu Ghazali, Nicu Bizon. A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Framework for Synchrophasor Communication Networks in a Smart Grid Cyber Physical System with a Case Study. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Abu Ghazali; Nicu Bizon. 2021. "A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Framework for Synchrophasor Communication Networks in a Smart Grid Cyber Physical System with a Case Study." Energies 14, no. 12: 3428.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Mathematics
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This paper presents an optimized algorithm for event-triggered control (ETC) of networked control systems (NCS). Initially, the traditional backstepping controller is designed for a generalized nonlinear plant in strict-feedback form that is subsequently extended to the ETC. In the NCS, the controller and the plant communicate with each other using a communication network. In order to minimize the bandwidth required, the number of samples to be sent over the communication channel should be reduced. This can be achieved using the non-uniform sampling of data. However, the implementation of non-uniform sampling without a proper event triggering rule might lead the closed-loop system towards instability. Therefore, an optimized event triggering algorithm has been designed such that the system states are always forced to remain in stable trajectory. Additionally, the effect of ETC on the stability of backstepping control has been analyzed using the Lyapunov stability theory. Two case studies on an inverted pendulum system and single-link robot system have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ETC in terms of system states, control effort and inter-event execution time.

ACS Style

Sunil Mishra; AmitKumar Jha; Vijay Verma; Bhargav Appasani; AlMoataz Abdelaziz; Nicu Bizon. An Optimized Triggering Algorithm for Event-Triggered Control of Networked Control Systems. Mathematics 2021, 9, 1262 .

AMA Style

Sunil Mishra, AmitKumar Jha, Vijay Verma, Bhargav Appasani, AlMoataz Abdelaziz, Nicu Bizon. An Optimized Triggering Algorithm for Event-Triggered Control of Networked Control Systems. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (11):1262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunil Mishra; AmitKumar Jha; Vijay Verma; Bhargav Appasani; AlMoataz Abdelaziz; Nicu Bizon. 2021. "An Optimized Triggering Algorithm for Event-Triggered Control of Networked Control Systems." Mathematics 9, no. 11: 1262.

Research article
Published: 30 May 2021 in International Journal of Energy Research
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The popularity of the electric vehicles has been growing due to the concern of increase in environmental pollution. In order to overcome the environmental issues, electric vehicles have been introduced all over the globe. As the use and number of electric vehicles is growing, there is a great demand to identify the sustainable solutions for intelligent charging station dedicated to electric vehicles. The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities for intelligent charging station using 5G services. This paper is a state-of-the-art concept to identify the current challenges and issues of intelligent charging station. It should be noted that in the future, the use of the smart charging station will dramatically improve the efficiency of current charging stations. It is identified based on several existing techniques that the biggest challenges are the connectivity between the vehicles and among different charging stations. This manuscript could be useful for researchers working on intelligent charging station worldwide and on their integration with the recent communication technologies like 5G. The features of intelligent charging stations combined with the fifth-generation network represent a new path for humanity and introduce a safer and more advanced environment. From data privacy to human safety, the network provides enough resources to rise driving quality, time and fuel economy and human lives saving. The results of this research can be well applied in the industry or in the field of academic research.

ACS Style

Maria Simona Răboacă; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Intelligent charging station in 5G environments: Challenges and perspectives. International Journal of Energy Research 2021, 45, 16418 -16435.

AMA Style

Maria Simona Răboacă, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Intelligent charging station in 5G environments: Challenges and perspectives. International Journal of Energy Research. 2021; 45 (11):16418-16435.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Simona Răboacă; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Intelligent charging station in 5G environments: Challenges and perspectives." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 11: 16418-16435.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Electronics
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This work presents a voltage mode scheme of a full-wave precision rectifier circuit using an analog building block differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) including five NMOS transistors. The proposed design is essentially suited for low voltage and high-frequency input signals. The operation of the proposed rectifier design depends upon the region of operation of NMOS transistors. The output waveform of the presented rectifier design can be made electronically tunable by controlling the bias voltage. The functional correctness and verification of the presented design are performed using 0.25-µm TSMC technology under the supply voltage of ±1.5 V. The absence of a resistor leads to a minimal parasitic effect. To obtain further insight on the robustness of the circuit, a Monte Carlo simulation and corner analysis are also presented. The circuit is verified experimentally by incorporating a breadboard model with the help of commercially available ICs CA3080 (operational transconductance amplifier) and AD844AN (current feedback operational amplifier) and offers remarkable compliance with both theoretical and simulation outcomes. The presented design has been laid out on Cadence virtuoso, which consumes a chip area of 9044 µm2.

ACS Style

Niranjan Raj; Sagar; Rajeev Ranjan; Bindu Priyadarshini; Nicu Bizon. Electronically Tunable Full Wave Precision Rectifier Using DVCCTAs. Electronics 2021, 10, 1262 .

AMA Style

Niranjan Raj, Sagar, Rajeev Ranjan, Bindu Priyadarshini, Nicu Bizon. Electronically Tunable Full Wave Precision Rectifier Using DVCCTAs. Electronics. 2021; 10 (11):1262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niranjan Raj; Sagar; Rajeev Ranjan; Bindu Priyadarshini; Nicu Bizon. 2021. "Electronically Tunable Full Wave Precision Rectifier Using DVCCTAs." Electronics 10, no. 11: 1262.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2021 in Electronics
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In this article a new active control driver circuit is designed using the second-generation current conveyor for the satellite’s torquer system. The torquer plays an important role in the attitude control of the satellite. Based on the magneto-meter data, the satellite’s microprocessor calculates the required current for the torque and sends a reference command. A close loop control system is designed, which generates the desired output current. The parameters of the controller are optimized using a variant of the well-known evolutionary algorithm, the genetic algorithm (GA). This variant is known as the segmented GA. The controller is experimentally implemented using the commercially available integrated circuit, the AD844. The error between the experimental and simulation results has RMS values in range of 0.01–0.16 A for the output current and 0.41–0.6 V for the output voltage. It has mean value of 0.01 A for the output current and has mean values in the range of 0.33–0.48 V for the output voltage. It has standard deviation of 0.01 A for the output current and standard deviations in the range of 0.24–0.35 V for the output voltage. Thus, there is a close match between the simulation and experimental results, validating the design approach. These designs have many practical applications, particularly for nanosatellites powered by photovoltaic panels.

ACS Style

Vijay Verma; Rajeev Ranjan; Pallav Prince; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor. Electronics 2021, 10, 911 .

AMA Style

Vijay Verma, Rajeev Ranjan, Pallav Prince, Bhargav Appasani, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor. Electronics. 2021; 10 (8):911.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vijay Verma; Rajeev Ranjan; Pallav Prince; Bhargav Appasani; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A New Active Control Driver Circuit for Satellite’s Torquer System Using Second Generation Current Conveyor." Electronics 10, no. 8: 911.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Mathematics
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The load frequency control (LFC) and tie-line power are the key deciding factors to evaluate the performance of a multiarea power system. In this paper, the performance analysis of a two-area power system is presented. This analysis is based on two performance metrics: LFC and tie-line power. The power system consists of a thermal plant generation system and a hydro plant generation system. The performance is evaluated by designing a proportional plus integral (PI) controller. The hybrid gravitational search with firefly algorithm (hGFA) has been devised to achieve proper tuning of the controller parameter. The designed algorithm involves integral time absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function. For two-area hydrothermal power systems, the load frequency and tie-line power are correlated with the system generation capacity and the load. Any deviation in the generation and in the load capacity causes variations in the load frequencies, as well as in the tie-line power. Variations from the nominal value may hamper the operation of the power system with adverse consequences. Hence, performance of the hydrothermal power system is analyzed using the simulations based on the step load change. To elucidate the efficacy of the hGFA, the performance is compared with some of the well-known optimization techniques, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the firefly algorithm (FA).

ACS Style

Deepak Gupta; Ankit Soni; AmitKumar Jha; Sunil Mishra; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Hybrid Gravitational–Firefly Algorithm-Based Load Frequency Control for Hydrothermal Two-Area System. Mathematics 2021, 9, 712 .

AMA Style

Deepak Gupta, Ankit Soni, AmitKumar Jha, Sunil Mishra, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Hybrid Gravitational–Firefly Algorithm-Based Load Frequency Control for Hydrothermal Two-Area System. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (7):712.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepak Gupta; Ankit Soni; AmitKumar Jha; Sunil Mishra; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Hybrid Gravitational–Firefly Algorithm-Based Load Frequency Control for Hydrothermal Two-Area System." Mathematics 9, no. 7: 712.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Energies
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The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source power system, this paper presents a new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. In particular, the proposed optimization technique regulates the frequency deviation and the tie-line power in multi-source power system. The proposed optimization technique uses the main features of three different optimization techniques, namely, the Firefly Algorithm (FA), the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed algorithm was used to tune the parameters of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to achieve the automatic load frequency control of the multi-source power system. The integral time absolute error was used as the objective function. Moreover, the controller was also tuned to ensure that the tie-line power and the frequency of the multi-source power system were within the acceptable limits. A two-area power system was designed using MATLAB-Simulink tool, consisting of three types of power sources, viz., thermal power plant, hydro power plant, and gas-turbine power plant. The overall efficacy of the proposed algorithm was tested for two different case studies. In the first case study, both the areas were subjected to a load increment of 0.01 p.u. In the second case, the two areas were subjected to different load increments of 0.03 p.u and 0.02 p.u, respectively. Furthermore, the settling time and the peak overshoot were considered to measure the effect on the frequency deviation and on the tie-line response. For the first case study, the settling times for the frequency deviation in area-1, the frequency deviation in area-2, and the tie-line power flow were 8.5 s, 5.5 s, and 3.0 s, respectively. In comparison, these values were 8.7 s, 6.1 s, and 5.5 s, using PSO; 8.7 s, 7.2 s, and 6.5 s, using FA; and 9.0 s, 8.0 s, and 11.0 s using GSA. Similarly, for case study II, these values were: 5.5 s, 5.6 s, and 5.1 s, using the proposed algorithm; 6.2 s, 6.3 s, and 5.3 s, using PSO; 7.0 s, 6.5 s, and 10.0 s, using FA; and 8.5 s, 7.5 s, and 12.0 s, using GSA. Thus, the proposed algorithm performed better than the other techniques.

ACS Style

Deepak Gupta; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 1581 .

AMA Style

Deepak Gupta, AmitKumar Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deepak Gupta; AmitKumar Jha; Bhargav Appasani; Avireni Srinivasulu; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 6: 1581.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Mathematics
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A new real-time strategy is proposed in this article to optimize the hydrogen utilization of a fuel cell vehicle, by switching the control references of fueling regulators, based on load-following. The advantages of this strategy are discussed and compared, with advanced strategies that also use the aforementioned load-following mode regulator of fueling controllers, but in the entire loading range, respectively, with a benchmark strategy utilizing the static feed-forward control of fueling controllers. Additionally, the advantages of energy-storage function in a charge-sustained mode, such as a longer service life and reduced size due to the implementation of the proposed switching strategy, are presented for the dynamic profiles across the entire load range. The optimization function was designed to improve the fuel economy by adding to the total power of the fuel utilization efficiency (in a weighted way). The proposed optimization loop will seek the reference value to control the fueling regulator in real-time, which is not regulated by a load-following approach. The best switching threshold between the high and low loading scales were obtained using a sensitivity analysis carried out for both fixed and dynamic loads. The results obtained were promising—(1) the fuel economy was two-times higher than the advanced strategies mentioned above; and (2) the total fuel consumption was 13% lower than the static feed-forward strategy. This study opens new research directions for fuel cell vehicles, such as for obtaining the best fuel economy or estimating fuel consumption up to the first refueling station on the planned road.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle. Mathematics 2021, 9, 604 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong. A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle. Mathematics. 2021; 9 (6):604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong. 2021. "A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle." Mathematics 9, no. 6: 604.