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The environmental issues impose major changes in actual technologies for vehicle manufacturers. Nowadays, further research is focused on the development technologies for the vehicles of the future. Among these technologies, the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) has an important role due to the potential to improve significantly the fuel economy. FCHEVs can be more efficient than conventional internal combustion engines being an efficient and promising perspective. The lately research was focused on different configurations of FCHEVs, especially concerning the desired hybridization level involving the specific FC and batteries rules for their interconnection. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is regarded as promising candidates for vehicle applications, mainly due to the mature technology, which can provide electrical power with high efficiency, less noise, compactness, lightness, low operating temperature, and very low emissions compared with conventional internal combustion engines. The electric efficiency usually represents 40–60% while the output power can be changed to meet quickly demanded load. The design of the power source in the FCHEVs is extremely attractive for transport applications. The FCHEV combines the advantage offered by PEMFC with the backup system using the efficient energy management assigned by the Battery. The LiPo rechargeable battery assures a quick transfer of energy during transient responses and continuous power during the absence of reactants. In this chapter, we provide a design and energy efficiency analysis for FCHEV implemented in ICSI ENERGY Department, ICSI Rm Valcea, Romania. To ensure the required power, an energy management strategy (EMS) has been proposed. The FCHEV performance obtained in simulation using standardized load cycles is validated by taking into account a real experimental speed profile and numerical analysis of the acquired data. This EMS is focused on rule-based fuzzy logic control and state machine control. The developed FCHEV is mainly composed of PEMFC stack, LiPo rechargeable battery, and DC/AC inverter. The LiPo rechargeable battery is the main energy source, while the PEMFC plays the role of the support system. The feeding of the electric motor is assigned by the inverter which can convert the direct current (DC) in alternate current (AC). The PEMFC supplies the stationary/slow variable load, operating close to the maximum efficiency, and the battery supplies the load transients. Moreover, the PEMFC recharges the battery when is necessary, by considering the available extra energy. In order to validate the mentioned strategy, we analyzed the efficiency obtained by using the FCHEV in comparison with the efficiency using an only battery (electric vehicle). The results indicated more than 90% efficiency in the first case in comparison to 75% in the second case, respectively. The reliability of our model was tested and evaluated firstly taking into consideration various results by using of Matlab/Simulink environment. The experimental study was carried out by considering a specific protocol for the extra-urban driving cycle (EUDC). Therefore, this chapter takes into account an energy management strategy in order to analyze the efficiency obtained by using the FCHEV in comparison with efficiency by using only a battery (electric vehicle).
Mircea Raceanu; Nicu Bizon; Adriana Marinoiu; Mihai Varlam. Design and Energy Analysis for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications 2021, 707 -733.
AMA StyleMircea Raceanu, Nicu Bizon, Adriana Marinoiu, Mihai Varlam. Design and Energy Analysis for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications. 2021; ():707-733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMircea Raceanu; Nicu Bizon; Adriana Marinoiu; Mihai Varlam. 2021. "Design and Energy Analysis for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Numerical Methods for Energy Applications , no. : 707-733.
With the development of technologies in recent decades and the imposition of international standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, car manufacturers have turned their attention to new technologies related to electric/hybrid vehicles and electric fuel cell vehicles. This paper focuses on electric fuel cell vehicles, which optimally combine the fuel cell system with hybrid energy storage systems, represented by batteries and ultracapacitors, to meet the dynamic power demand required by the electric motor and auxiliary systems. This paper compares the latest proposed topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles and reveals the new technologies and DC/DC converters involved to generate up-to-date information for researchers and developers interested in this specialized field. From a software point of view, the latest energy management strategies are analyzed and compared with the reference strategies, taking into account performance indicators such as energy efficiency, hydrogen consumption and degradation of the subsystems involved, which is the main challenge for car developers. The advantages and disadvantages of three types of strategies (rule-based strategies, optimization-based strategies and learning-based strategies) are discussed. Thus, future software developers can focus on new control algorithms in the area of artificial intelligence developed to meet the challenges posed by new technologies for autonomous vehicles.
Ioan-Sorin Sorlei; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies. Energies 2021, 14, 252 .
AMA StyleIoan-Sorin Sorlei, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong, Mihai Varlam, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Culcer, Mariana Iliescu, Mircea Raceanu. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies. Energies. 2021; 14 (1):252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoan-Sorin Sorlei; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu. 2021. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies." Energies 14, no. 1: 252.
In this paper, the optimal and safe operation of a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell system and renewable energy sources is analyzed. The needed DC power resulting from the power flow balance on the DC bus is ensured by the FC system via the air regulator or the fuel regulator controlled by the power-tracking control reference or both regulators using a switched mode of the above-mentioned reference. The optimal operation of a fuel cell system is ensured by a search for the maximum of multicriteria-based optimization functions focused on fuel economy under perturbation, such as variable renewable energy and dynamic load on the DC bus. Two search controllers based on the global extremum seeking scheme are involved in this search via the remaining fueling regulator and the boost DC–DC converter. Thus, the fuel economy strategies based on the control of the air regulator and the fuel regulator, respectively, on the control of both fueling regulators are analyzed in this study. The fuel savings compared to fuel consumed using the static feed-forward control are 6.63%, 4.36% and 13.72%, respectively, under dynamic load but without renewable power. With renewable power, the needed fuel cell power on the DC bus is lower, so the fuel cell system operates more efficiently. These percentages are increased to 7.28%, 4.94% and 14.97%.
Nicu Bizon; Mircea Raceanu; Emmanouel Koudoumas; Adriana Marinoiu; Emmanuel Karapidakis; Elena Carcadea. Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus. Energies 2020, 13, 6111 .
AMA StyleNicu Bizon, Mircea Raceanu, Emmanouel Koudoumas, Adriana Marinoiu, Emmanuel Karapidakis, Elena Carcadea. Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicu Bizon; Mircea Raceanu; Emmanouel Koudoumas; Adriana Marinoiu; Emmanuel Karapidakis; Elena Carcadea. 2020. "Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus." Energies 13, no. 22: 6111.
The commonly used electrode Pt supported on a carbon (Pt/C) catalyst has demonstrated underperforming electrochemical durability in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) harsh operation conditions, especially in terms of Pt electrochemical instability and carbon corrosion. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered one of the best alternative catalysts of PtNPs due to their remarkable selectivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and electrochemical stability in strong acid conditions, attributes which are ideal for practical PEMFC applications. In this work, we propose a new, facile and low-cost approach to prepare AuNPs supported on reduced graphene oxide nanocompounds (AuNPs/rGO). The morphological and structural properties of the as-prepared AuNPs/rGO were studied using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, namely, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), specific surface area (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, BET). A mesoporous structure with narrow pore size distribution centered at 2 nm approximately, where the pores are regular and interconnected was successfully fabricated. The prepared catalyst was exposed to an accelerated stress test (potential cycles between −0.8 and +0.2 in KOH 1 M solution). The voltammetric stability test indicated a slight degradation after 1500 cycles. The electrochemical stability was assigned to the combined effect of AuNPs formed during chemical synthesis and to graphene oxide support.
Oana-Andreea Lazar; Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Aida Pantazi; Geanina Mihai; Mihai Varlam; Marius Enachescu. Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Dispersed Gold Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Evaluation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Energies 2020, 13, 4307 .
AMA StyleOana-Andreea Lazar, Adriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Aida Pantazi, Geanina Mihai, Mihai Varlam, Marius Enachescu. Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Dispersed Gold Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Evaluation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Energies. 2020; 13 (17):4307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOana-Andreea Lazar; Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Aida Pantazi; Geanina Mihai; Mihai Varlam; Marius Enachescu. 2020. "Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Dispersed Gold Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Evaluation for Oxygen Reduction Reaction." Energies 13, no. 17: 4307.
Here in, we describe an ultrafast, single-step microwave irradiation route (MW) to prepare graphene supported Pt nanoparticles, during which the small Pt nanoparticles are distributed uniformly on a reduced graphene oxide surface. This route provides evident advantages namely low cost, easiness, low time consuming and high yield in comparison to actual chemical methods to develop efficient Pt/rGO catalyst with Pt content close to state-of-the-art commercial composition. The structure and composition of prepared samples have been studied by specific techniques, while the electrocatalytic stability has been studied using ex-situ and in-situ measurements. High performance and electrochemically stable catalyst for PEM fuel cells was developed using the sample with highest loading and good dispersion. The fabricated Pt-rGO-based MEA was investigated for durability under fuel starvation in comparison with commercial Pt/C-based MEA. The electrocatalytic activity was investigated and the electrochemical response revealed the higher stability during accelerated degradation test under fuel starvation in comparison with commercial Pt/C. This study promotes the applicability of described preparation method to noble or transition metal nanoparticles embedded on graphene-based materials.
Adriana Marinoiu; Elena Carcadea; Ada Sacca; Alessandra Carbone; Claudia Sisu; Andreea Dogaru; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. One-step synthesis of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 46, 12242 -12253.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Elena Carcadea, Ada Sacca, Alessandra Carbone, Claudia Sisu, Andreea Dogaru, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam. One-step synthesis of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 46 (22):12242-12253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Elena Carcadea; Ada Sacca; Alessandra Carbone; Claudia Sisu; Andreea Dogaru; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. 2020. "One-step synthesis of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 22: 12242-12253.
We have prepared a highly efficient and stable platinum–cobalt catalyst supported on graphene oxide by using a one-step synthesis microwave-irradiation process. The structure and composition of two different compositions (Pt:Co(2.5:1)/rGO, Pt:Co(2:1)/rGO) have been investigated by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area (BET), Raman spectroscopy. Their electrocatalytic activity was investigated and the electrochemical response from cyclic voltammetry revealed the high efficiency and stability as well as the potential application as cathode electrode. The electrocatalysts exhibited a superior durability comparing with commercial Pt/C catalyst after accelerated stress test, indicating a lower loss of electrochemical surface area in the case of prepared samples. Moreover, this study extends the applicability of this synthesis method for the preparation of other noble or transitional metal nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Catalin Capris; Mihai Varlam. Efficient method to obtain Platinum–Cobalt supported on graphene oxide and electrocatalyst development. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 26226 -26237.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, Mindaugas Andrulevicius, Asta Tamuleviciene, Tomas Tamulevicius, Catalin Capris, Mihai Varlam. Efficient method to obtain Platinum–Cobalt supported on graphene oxide and electrocatalyst development. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (49):26226-26237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Catalin Capris; Mihai Varlam. 2020. "Efficient method to obtain Platinum–Cobalt supported on graphene oxide and electrocatalyst development." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 49: 26226-26237.
A facile approach for preparation of gold nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs/rGO) in mild reaction conditions is described. Several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (SEM, FTIR, XPS) have been connected with structural investigation (BET) in order to confirm the successful synthesis of AuNPs/rGO nanocomposites. The end application of AuNPs/rGO in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) has been considered as innovative nanomaterial for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this respect, the electrochemical techniques were involved for a comprehensive in-situ characterization of developed ORR catalysts, in particular the durability has been assessed in order to evaluate the long-term performance. The structural characteristics and their synergistic effects could not only improve the ions and electrons transportation but also enhance the electrochemical stability in acid medium specific for PEMFC. The electrode containing AuNPs/rGO presented superior electrochemical performances as along with the long-term stability, demonstrating a considerable potential as efficient ORR catalytic material.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. Synthesis of well dispersed gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and application in PEM fuel cells. Applied Surface Science 2019, 504, 144511 .
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mindaugas Andrulevicius, Asta Tamuleviciene, Tomas Tamulevicius, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam. Synthesis of well dispersed gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and application in PEM fuel cells. Applied Surface Science. 2019; 504 ():144511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. 2019. "Synthesis of well dispersed gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and application in PEM fuel cells." Applied Surface Science 504, no. : 144511.
In this work, gold nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide (Au/rGOs) samples were synthesized by employing the eco-friendly microwave-assisted process (MW). This rapid process has proven to be a viable and trustworthy new method for Au/rGOs preparation ensuring the simultaneous reduction of GO and obtaining of Au nanoparticles through a simple and facile one-step reaction in aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of prepared Au/rGOs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area. These analyses revealed good phase stability and distinct morphology. The as-prepared Au/rGO was involved in developing of a new membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and in-situ tested in long-time operation of PEMFC. The electrochemical stability of the innovative cathode was evaluated using an accelerated stress test (AST) - cycling potential protocol. The performed aggressive AST demonstrated excellent stability, thus we report an ORR electrocatalyst with enhanced durability. Moreover, this study extends the method applicability in respect to the preparation of other noble metal nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. High performance catalytic system with enhanced durability in PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 45, 10409 -10422.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mindaugas Andrulevicius, Asta Tamuleviciene, Tomas Tamulevicius, Elena Carcadea, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam. High performance catalytic system with enhanced durability in PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 45 (17):10409-10422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. 2019. "High performance catalytic system with enhanced durability in PEM fuel cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 17: 10409-10422.
A numerical model for a PEM fuel cell has been developed and used to investigate the effect of some of the key parameters of the porous layers of the fuel cell (GDL and MPL) on its performance. The model is comprehensive as it is three-dimensional, multiphase and non-isothermal and it has been well-validated with the experimental data of a 5 cm2 active area-fuel cell with/without MPLs. As a result of the reduced mass transport resistance of the gaseous and liquid flow, a better performance was achieved when he GDL thickness was decreased. For the same reason, the fuel cell was shown to be significantly improved with increasing the GDL porosity by a factor of 2 and the consumption of oxygen doubled when increasing the porosity from 0.40 to 0.78. Compared to the conventional constant-porosity GDL, the graded-porosity (gradually decreasing from the flow channel to the catalyst layer) GDL was found to enhance the fuel cell performance and this is due to the better liquid water rejection. The incorporation of a realistic value for the contact resistance between the GDL and the bipolar plate slightly decreases the performance of the fuel cell. Also the results show that the addition of the MPL to the GDL is crucially important as it assists in the humidifying of the electrolyte membrane, thus improving the overall performance of the fuel cell. Finally, realistically increasing the MPL contact angle has led to a positive influence on the fuel cell performance.
Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Mohammed Ismail; Derek Binns Ingham; Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Catalin Jianu; Laurentiu Patularu; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu. PEM fuel cell performance improvement through numerical optimization of the parameters of the porous layers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 45, 7968 -7980.
AMA StyleElena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam, Mohammed Ismail, Derek Binns Ingham, Adriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Catalin Jianu, Laurentiu Patularu, Daniela Ion-Ebrasu. PEM fuel cell performance improvement through numerical optimization of the parameters of the porous layers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 45 (14):7968-7980.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Mohammed Ismail; Derek Binns Ingham; Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Catalin Jianu; Laurentiu Patularu; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu. 2019. "PEM fuel cell performance improvement through numerical optimization of the parameters of the porous layers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 14: 7968-7980.
Adriana Marinoiu; M. Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; M. Varlam; I. Stefanescu. Iodinated carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performances. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2019, 12, 868 -880.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, M. Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, M. Varlam, I. Stefanescu. Iodinated carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performances. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; 12 (6):868-880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; M. Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; M. Varlam; I. Stefanescu. 2019. "Iodinated carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performances." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 6: 868-880.
The continuous increasing in distributed renewable generation mainly based on wind and solar has complicated recently the normal grid operations. An accurate development in proper energy storage systems with high ability to store and supply energy on demand should effectively eliminate the potentially adverse negative impacts of actual grid operation technologies, such as severe power fluctuation provided by intermittent power generations and photovoltaic arrays. Therefore, the hydrogen economy is regarded as continuous research that can be understood as a significant effort to modify the actual energy system into a system that combines the hydrogen advantage of as energy carrier with high efficiency of proton exchange fuel cells (PEMFC) as electrochemical processes that converts energy power into electricity and heat. In this chapter an experimental investigation on the performance of an integrated microgrid, installed at the National Centre for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell, is presented. This system is equipped with specific components such as photovoltaic generator, solid polymer electrolyzer producing 1 m3 h−1, 4.2 kW PEMFC and power conditioning system to develop different topologies. Experimental investigations of an energy storage system in microgrids were analysed under realistic scenarios in different environmental conditions. The water electrolyzer stack is powered mainly by the solar PV energy source, then the produced hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen tank. The role of water electrolyzer is to generate hydrogen when the generated power by solar PV is greater than the power demand, and the role of PEMFC is to consume the generated hydrogen from water electrolyzer and to transform in electrical power energy. The target of the present work has been to assess the dynamic model of both systems to investigate the effect of these elements into the microgrid using measurements of the real systems. Modelling of the described system has been achieved using the MATLAB/Simulink. The model parameters have been acquired from manufacturer’s performance data-sheets. Based on above information, the proposed concept combining the PEMFC and water electrolyzer hybrid sources could offer an important improvement for real time power imbalances. Therefore, this chapter take into account the control system based power conditioning and energy management of a controllable electrolyzer in order to investigate the real time fluctuations of microgrid’s real power balance.
Mircea Raceanu; Nicu Bizon; Adriana Marinoiu; Mihai Varlam. Design and Experimental Investigations of an Energy Storage System in Microgrids. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications 2019, 207 -232.
AMA StyleMircea Raceanu, Nicu Bizon, Adriana Marinoiu, Mihai Varlam. Design and Experimental Investigations of an Energy Storage System in Microgrids. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications. 2019; ():207-232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMircea Raceanu; Nicu Bizon; Adriana Marinoiu; Mihai Varlam. 2019. "Design and Experimental Investigations of an Energy Storage System in Microgrids." Numerical Methods for Energy Applications , no. : 207-232.
A facile and feasible protocol for synthesis of functionalized reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNP/rGO) in mild reaction conditions has been successfully developed. Starting from graphite, the following synthesis routes were developed: 1) preparation of graphite oxide; 2) graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with a compatible polymer; 3) reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles (final compound). The surface morphology of as-prepared AuNP/rGO was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area was determined using BET method, while structural properties were investigated using Raman scattering spectroscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This comprehensive study demonstrated the simultaneous reduction of GO and the achievement of Au nanoparticles dispersed on graphene sheets. An ORR catalytic system containing prepared AuNP/rGO was developed, and electrochemical measurements were performed. Firstly, the ex-situ electrochemical performances of AuNP/rGO-modified carbon electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. Secondly, the in-situ electrochemical evaluation were carried out as application in real PEM fuel cell and analyzed as comparison commercial Pt/C versus developed ORR catalytic system. The in-situ CV results showed that the oxidation and reduction peaks corresponding to hydrogen adsorption/desorption decreased differently, indicating that a decrease of electrochemical surface area occurs for both cases, more visible for commercial catalyst. The cathode made with AuNP/rGO developed in this work, tested in hydrogen-air PEMFC, had a power density of 0.59 W cm − 2 at 0.6 V, a meaningful voltage for fuel cells operation, comparable with that of a commercial Pt-based cathode tested under identical conditions, but a superior electrochemical stability. The results confirmed that the developed AuNP/rGO nanoparticles could be valuable alternative ORR nanostructured electrodes.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Simona Nica; Daniela Bala; Mihai Varlam. Low-cost preparation method of well dispersed gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and electrocatalytic stability in PEM fuel cell. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2018, 13, 3585 -3600.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Mindaugas Andrulevicius, Asta Tamuleviciene, Tomas Tamulevicius, Simona Nica, Daniela Bala, Mihai Varlam. Low-cost preparation method of well dispersed gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and electrocatalytic stability in PEM fuel cell. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 13 (1):3585-3600.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Simona Nica; Daniela Bala; Mihai Varlam. 2018. "Low-cost preparation method of well dispersed gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide and electrocatalytic stability in PEM fuel cell." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 1: 3585-3600.
Metal-dispersed nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide as catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) demonstrate promising applications in the energy sector. The catalyst activity enhancement and stability improvement investigated in this study are mandatory steps in obtaining feasible electrodes for PEMFC. The chapter deals with the synthesis of noble metal catalysts including platinum and gold nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (PtNPs/rGO and AuNPs/rGrO). The understanding of the correlations between the electrochemical activity on one side and the structure, composition and synthesis method on the other side are provided. Facile routes in order to prepare the well dispersed PtNPs/rGO and AuNPs/rGrO are included. The structure and morphology were characterized by different techniques, namely X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), specific surface area measurements. In this context we report a hybrid derived electrocatalyst with increased electrochemical active area and enhanced mass-transport properties. The electrochemical performances of PtNPs/rGO and AuNPs/rGrO were tested and compared with a standard PEMFC configuration. The performed electrochemical characterization recommends the prepared materials as ORR electrocatalysts for the further fabrication of cathodes for PEM fuel cells. The research directions as well as perspectives on the subsequent development of more active and less expensive electrocatalysts are established.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Aida Pantazi; Raluca Mesterca; Oana Tutunaru; Simona Nica; Daniela Bala; Mihai Varlam; Marius Enachescu. Noble Metal Dispersed on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application in PEM Fuel Cells. Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution - Theory to Design 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, Aida Pantazi, Raluca Mesterca, Oana Tutunaru, Simona Nica, Daniela Bala, Mihai Varlam, Marius Enachescu. Noble Metal Dispersed on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application in PEM Fuel Cells. Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution - Theory to Design. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Aida Pantazi; Raluca Mesterca; Oana Tutunaru; Simona Nica; Daniela Bala; Mihai Varlam; Marius Enachescu. 2018. "Noble Metal Dispersed on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Application in PEM Fuel Cells." Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution - Theory to Design , no. : 1.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam. Iodine-doped graphene – Catalyst layer in PEM fuel cells. Applied Surface Science 2018, 456, 238 -245.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam. Iodine-doped graphene – Catalyst layer in PEM fuel cells. Applied Surface Science. 2018; 456 ():238-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam. 2018. "Iodine-doped graphene – Catalyst layer in PEM fuel cells." Applied Surface Science 456, no. : 238-245.
Adriana Marinoiu; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. Iodine Doped Graphene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM Fuel Cell Applications. Advances In Hydrogen Generation Technologies 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Elena Carcadea, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam. Iodine Doped Graphene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM Fuel Cell Applications. Advances In Hydrogen Generation Technologies. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. 2018. "Iodine Doped Graphene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEM Fuel Cell Applications." Advances In Hydrogen Generation Technologies , no. : 1.
Low cost, sustainable and high performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which can replace/reduce rare metals base catalysts are highly desirable for the effective commercial development of fuel cells. In this paper, we report a class of low cost electrocatalyst with highly performance for ORR, obtained by graphene doping with iodine precursor. It can be one of the most promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts to date. Iodine doped graphene based materials were prepared by nucleophilic substitution and characterized by different techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence WDXRF, that revealed the structure and morphology. The iodinated graphene was sprayed on gas diffusion layer (GDL) and tested in a single cell PEMFC. The electrochemical performances of fuel cell with/without iodinated graphene under typical experimental conditions were evaluated, namely current-voltage polarization and cyclic voltammetry curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
Adriana Marinoiu; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Amalia Soare; Ioan Stefanescu. A Class of High Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Fuel Cells, using Iodine Doped Graphene. Materials Today: Proceedings 2018, 5, 15915 -15922.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mihai Varlam, Elena Carcadea, Mircea Raceanu, Amalia Soare, Ioan Stefanescu. A Class of High Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Fuel Cells, using Iodine Doped Graphene. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018; 5 (8):15915-15922.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Amalia Soare; Ioan Stefanescu. 2018. "A Class of High Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Fuel Cells, using Iodine Doped Graphene." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 8: 15915-15922.
Recent environmental and climate change issues make it imperative to persistently approach research into the development of technologies designed to ensure the sustainability of global mobility. At the European Union level, the transport sector is responsible for approximately 28% of greenhouse gas emissions, and 84% of them are associated with road transport. One of the most effective ways to enhance the de-carbonization process of the transport sector is through the promotion of electric propulsion, which involves overcoming barriers related to reduced driving autonomy and the long time required to recharge the batteries. This paper develops and implements a method meant to increase the autonomy and reduce the battery charging time of an electric car to comparable levels of an internal combustion engine vehicle. By doing so, the cost of such vehicles is the only remaining significant barrier in the way of a mass spread of electric propulsion. The chosen method is to hybridize the electric powertrain by using an additional source of fuel; hydrogen gas stored in pressurized cylinders is converted, in situ, into electrical energy by means of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The power generated on board can then be used, under the command of a dedicated management system, for battery charging, leading to an increase in the vehicle’s autonomy. Modeling and simulation results served to easily adjust the size of the fuel cell hybrid electric powertrain. After optimization, an actual fuel cell was built and implemented on a vehicle that used the body of a Jeep Wrangler, from which the thermal engine, associated subassemblies, and gearbox were removed. Once completed, the vehicle was tested in traffic conditions and its functional performance was established.
Ioan Aschilean; Mihai Varlam; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu; Adrian Enache; Maria Simona Raboaca; Gabriel Rasoi; Constantin Filote. Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle. Energies 2018, 11, 1294 .
AMA StyleIoan Aschilean, Mihai Varlam, Mihai Culcer, Mariana Iliescu, Mircea Raceanu, Adrian Enache, Maria Simona Raboaca, Gabriel Rasoi, Constantin Filote. Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoan Aschilean; Mihai Varlam; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu; Adrian Enache; Maria Simona Raboaca; Gabriel Rasoi; Constantin Filote. 2018. "Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Fuel Cells for a Series Vehicle." Energies 11, no. 5: 1294.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Ioan Stefanescu. Low cost iodine intercalated graphene for fuel cells electrodes. Applied Surface Science 2017, 424, 93 -100.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam, Ioan Stefanescu. Low cost iodine intercalated graphene for fuel cells electrodes. Applied Surface Science. 2017; 424 ():93-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Ioan Stefanescu. 2017. "Low cost iodine intercalated graphene for fuel cells electrodes." Applied Surface Science 424, no. : 93-100.
Adriana Marinoiu; Irene Gatto; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam; Calin Moise; Aida Pantazi; Catalin Jianu; Ioan Stefanescu; Marius Enachescu. Low cost iodine doped graphene for fuel cell electrodes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017, 42, 26877 -26888.
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Irene Gatto, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam, Calin Moise, Aida Pantazi, Catalin Jianu, Ioan Stefanescu, Marius Enachescu. Low cost iodine doped graphene for fuel cell electrodes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2017; 42 (43):26877-26888.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Irene Gatto; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam; Calin Moise; Aida Pantazi; Catalin Jianu; Ioan Stefanescu; Marius Enachescu. 2017. "Low cost iodine doped graphene for fuel cell electrodes." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 43: 26877-26888.
We prepared iodine-doped graphenes by several techniques (electrophilic substitution and nucleophilic substitution methods) in order to incorporate iodine atoms onto the graphene base materials. The physical characterization of prepared samples was performed by using an array of different techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical methods. A series of cathodes using I-doped graphene were prepared and evaluated. Electrochemical performances of the cathodes with and without I-doped graphene indicated an effective improvement, resulting in a better mass transport in the catalyst layer.
Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Dan Balan; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Ioan Stefanescu; M. Enachescu. Iodine-Doped Graphene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 2017, 14, 031001 .
AMA StyleAdriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam, Dan Balan, Daniela Ion-Ebrasu, Ioan Stefanescu, M. Enachescu. Iodine-Doped Graphene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. 2017; 14 (3):031001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Dan Balan; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Ioan Stefanescu; M. Enachescu. 2017. "Iodine-Doped Graphene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications." Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 14, no. 3: 031001.