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Dr. elena carcadea
ICSI Energy Department, National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 performance optimization
0 CFD Simulations
0 Hydrogen technologies
0 PEM fuel cell and electrolyzer development and testing
0 Hybrid energy systems analysis

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PEM fuel cell and electrolyzer development and testing
CFD Simulations
Hydrogen technologies
Hybrid energy systems analysis

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Chapter
Published: 23 March 2021 in Numerical Methods for Energy Applications
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The chapter provides a general overview on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and on Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). It introduces the FVM by using a general scalar transport equation and it describes the main steps of a CFD investigation. All these are applied to the mass, momentum, species, energy and potential conservation equations, equations that govern the operation of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The importance of spatial discretization and of interpolation schemes used in CFD investigations is point out by analysing few parameters with impact on the fuel cell operation. Two cases have been considered. First case based on a fuel cell with a simplified configuration, namely a single serpentine channel, revealed the influence of spatial discretization on the accuracy of the simulation results with regards to current density, pressure and temperature. The second case based on a lab-scale fuel cell with two configurations for channels (7 serpentine and 7 parallel) have been used to analyse the effect of three interpolation schemes (first order, second order, QUICK) on the PEM fuel cell operation; therefore, pressure, hydrogen and water mass fraction profiles were considered for comparison. It was found out that besides the differences in the results accuracy due to spatial discretization and interpolation schemes, the design/geometry used in the CFD investigation may or may not emphasize these differences. If for the 7-serpentine channels fuel cell the interpolation scheme did not show much changes in the accuracy of the results not the same conclusion was drawn for the 7-parallel channels fuel cell where the accuracy of the results improved with increasing the order of the interpolation scheme. A mesh-independent solution on a well-posed problem will provide valuable and accurate results only if the numerical methods are appropriate and the interpolation schemes are of high order. The modeling of fuel cells using CFD techniques, as of any other device, can be an important alternative to the experiment, providing information that is critical to design, operation and optimization, the requirement being to use appropriate model, assumptions and boundary conditions and, of course, an adequate numerical method.

ACS Style

Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam. Finite Volume Method Used for Numerical Investigations of Electrochemical Devices. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications 2021, 341 -369.

AMA Style

Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam. Finite Volume Method Used for Numerical Investigations of Electrochemical Devices. Numerical Methods for Energy Applications. 2021; ():341-369.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam. 2021. "Finite Volume Method Used for Numerical Investigations of Electrochemical Devices." Numerical Methods for Energy Applications , no. : 341-369.

Review
Published: 05 January 2021 in Energies
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With the development of technologies in recent decades and the imposition of international standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, car manufacturers have turned their attention to new technologies related to electric/hybrid vehicles and electric fuel cell vehicles. This paper focuses on electric fuel cell vehicles, which optimally combine the fuel cell system with hybrid energy storage systems, represented by batteries and ultracapacitors, to meet the dynamic power demand required by the electric motor and auxiliary systems. This paper compares the latest proposed topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles and reveals the new technologies and DC/DC converters involved to generate up-to-date information for researchers and developers interested in this specialized field. From a software point of view, the latest energy management strategies are analyzed and compared with the reference strategies, taking into account performance indicators such as energy efficiency, hydrogen consumption and degradation of the subsystems involved, which is the main challenge for car developers. The advantages and disadvantages of three types of strategies (rule-based strategies, optimization-based strategies and learning-based strategies) are discussed. Thus, future software developers can focus on new control algorithms in the area of artificial intelligence developed to meet the challenges posed by new technologies for autonomous vehicles.

ACS Style

Ioan-Sorin Sorlei; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies. Energies 2021, 14, 252 .

AMA Style

Ioan-Sorin Sorlei, Nicu Bizon, Phatiphat Thounthong, Mihai Varlam, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Culcer, Mariana Iliescu, Mircea Raceanu. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies. Energies. 2021; 14 (1):252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioan-Sorin Sorlei; Nicu Bizon; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Mircea Raceanu. 2021. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies." Energies 14, no. 1: 252.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In this study, the performance and safe operation of the fuel cell (FC) system and battery-based energy storage system (ESS) included in an FC/ESS/renewable hybrid power system (HPS) is fully analyzed under dynamic load and variable power from renewable sources. Power-following control (PFC) is used for either the air regulator or the fuel regulator of the FC system, or it is switched to the inputs of the air and hydrogen regulators based on a threshold of load demand; these strategies are referred to as air-PFC, fuel-PFC, and air/fuel-PFC, respectively. The performance and safe operation of the FC system and battery-based ESS under these strategies is compared to the static feed-forward (sFF) control used by most commercial strategies implemented in FC systems, FC/renewable HPSs, and FC vehicles. This study highlights the benefits of using a PFC-based strategy to establish FC-system fueling flows, in addition to an optimal control of the boost power converter to maximize fuel economy. For example, the fuel economy for a 6 kW FC system using the air/fuel-PFC strategy compared to the strategies air-PFC, fuel-PFC, and the sFF benchmark is 6.60%, 7.53%, and 12.60% of the total hydrogen consumed by these strategies under a load profile of up and down the stairs using 1 kW/2 s per step. For an FC/ESS/renewable system, the fuel economy of an air/fuel-PFC strategy compared to same strategies is 7.28%, 8.23%, and 13.43%, which is better by about 0.7% because an FC system operates at lower power due to the renewable energy available in this case study.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Mihai Oproescu; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Maria Simona Raboaca; Ioan Sorin Sorlei. Improving the Fuel Economy and Battery Lifespan in Fuel Cell/Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Using the Power-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8310 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Mihai Oproescu, Phatiphat Thounthong, Mihai Varlam, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Culcer, Mariana Iliescu, Maria Simona Raboaca, Ioan Sorin Sorlei. Improving the Fuel Economy and Battery Lifespan in Fuel Cell/Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Using the Power-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (22):8310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Mihai Oproescu; Phatiphat Thounthong; Mihai Varlam; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Culcer; Mariana Iliescu; Maria Simona Raboaca; Ioan Sorin Sorlei. 2020. "Improving the Fuel Economy and Battery Lifespan in Fuel Cell/Renewable Hybrid Power Systems Using the Power-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22: 8310.

Journal article
Published: 21 November 2020 in Energies
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In this paper, the optimal and safe operation of a hybrid power system based on a fuel cell system and renewable energy sources is analyzed. The needed DC power resulting from the power flow balance on the DC bus is ensured by the FC system via the air regulator or the fuel regulator controlled by the power-tracking control reference or both regulators using a switched mode of the above-mentioned reference. The optimal operation of a fuel cell system is ensured by a search for the maximum of multicriteria-based optimization functions focused on fuel economy under perturbation, such as variable renewable energy and dynamic load on the DC bus. Two search controllers based on the global extremum seeking scheme are involved in this search via the remaining fueling regulator and the boost DC–DC converter. Thus, the fuel economy strategies based on the control of the air regulator and the fuel regulator, respectively, on the control of both fueling regulators are analyzed in this study. The fuel savings compared to fuel consumed using the static feed-forward control are 6.63%, 4.36% and 13.72%, respectively, under dynamic load but without renewable power. With renewable power, the needed fuel cell power on the DC bus is lower, so the fuel cell system operates more efficiently. These percentages are increased to 7.28%, 4.94% and 14.97%.

ACS Style

Nicu Bizon; Mircea Raceanu; Emmanouel Koudoumas; Adriana Marinoiu; Emmanuel Karapidakis; Elena Carcadea. Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus. Energies 2020, 13, 6111 .

AMA Style

Nicu Bizon, Mircea Raceanu, Emmanouel Koudoumas, Adriana Marinoiu, Emmanuel Karapidakis, Elena Carcadea. Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicu Bizon; Mircea Raceanu; Emmanouel Koudoumas; Adriana Marinoiu; Emmanuel Karapidakis; Elena Carcadea. 2020. "Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus." Energies 13, no. 22: 6111.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper addresses the possibility of using an electric longboard in daily travel. A conventional longboard was transformed into an electric one and tested in ICSI Rm. Valcea labs. A series of tests were performed both at the laboratory level and, under normal running conditions, outdoors. Nevertheless, two possible scenarios have been taken into consideration. First, when the electric longboard is running on a flat road with a cruise speed, while the second scenario considered was that of climbing a hill with a 10% slope. The results confirmed the expectations and showed that a full charge of the batteries allows a trip over a distance of almost 50 km on a flat route having a consumption of about 10 Wh/km. However, there are some things to keep in mind when making travel distance predictions. The quality and the profile of the road, the weight of the rider, the rider position, all of these are factors which can significantly influence the predictions regarding the travel distance. Moreover, if the optimization is taken into account, several adjustments can be done in choosing the size and wheel model, whether or not to equip the skateboard with suspensions as well as a compromise between power and energy densities when choosing battery type is essential.

ACS Style

Alexandru Ciocan; Cosmin Ungureanu; Alin Chitu; Elena Carcadea; George Darie. Electrical Longboard for Everyday Urban Commuting. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8091 .

AMA Style

Alexandru Ciocan, Cosmin Ungureanu, Alin Chitu, Elena Carcadea, George Darie. Electrical Longboard for Everyday Urban Commuting. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8091.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandru Ciocan; Cosmin Ungureanu; Alin Chitu; Elena Carcadea; George Darie. 2020. "Electrical Longboard for Everyday Urban Commuting." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8091.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Various flow field designs have been numerically investigated to evaluate the effect of pattern and the cross-sectional dimensions of the channel on the performance of a large active area PEM fuel cell. Three types of multiple-serpentine channels (7-channels, 11-channels and 14-channels) have been chosen for the 200 cm2 fuel cell investigated and numerically analysed by varying the width and the land of the channel. The CFD simulations showed that as the channel width decreases, as in the 14-channels serpentine case, the performance improves, especially at high current densities where the concentration losses are dominant. The optimum configuration, i.e. the 14-channels serpentine, has been manufactured and tested experimentally and a very good agreement between the experimental and modelling data was achieved. 4 channel depths have been considered (0.25, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm) in the CFD study to determine the effects on the pressure drop and water content. Up to 7% increase in the maximum reported current density has been achieved for the smallest depth and this due to the better removal of excess liquid water and better humidification of the membrane. Also, the influence of the air flow rate has been evaluated; the current density at 0.6 V increased by around 25% when air flow rate was increased 4 times; this is attributed to better removal of excess liquid water.

ACS Style

Elena Carcadea; Mohammed S. Ismail; Derek Bin Ingham; Laurentiu Patularu; Dorin Schitea; Adriana Marinoiu; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Dan Mocanu; Mihai Varlam. Effects of geometrical dimensions of flow channels of a large-active-area PEM fuel cell: A CFD study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 46, 13572 -13582.

AMA Style

Elena Carcadea, Mohammed S. Ismail, Derek Bin Ingham, Laurentiu Patularu, Dorin Schitea, Adriana Marinoiu, Daniela Ion-Ebrasu, Dan Mocanu, Mihai Varlam. Effects of geometrical dimensions of flow channels of a large-active-area PEM fuel cell: A CFD study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 46 (25):13572-13582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Carcadea; Mohammed S. Ismail; Derek Bin Ingham; Laurentiu Patularu; Dorin Schitea; Adriana Marinoiu; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Dan Mocanu; Mihai Varlam. 2020. "Effects of geometrical dimensions of flow channels of a large-active-area PEM fuel cell: A CFD study." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 25: 13572-13582.

Review article
Published: 21 June 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The goal of the review series on the H2 economy is to highlight the current status, major issues, and opportunities associated with H2 production, storage, transportation, distribution and usage in various energy sectors. In particular, Part I discussed the various H2 (grey and green) production methods including the futuristic ones such as photoelectrochemical for small, medium, and large-scale applications. Part II of the H2 economy review identifies the developments and challenges in the areas of H2 storage, transportation and distribution with national and international initiatives in the field, all of which suggest a pathway for establishing greener H2 society in the near future. Currently, various methods, comprising physical and chemical routes are being explored with a focus on improving the H2 storage density, capacity, and reducing the cost. H2 transportation methods by road, through pipelines, and via ocean are pursued actively in expanding the market for large scale applications around the world. As of now, compressed H2 and its transportation by road is the most realistic option for the transportation sector.

ACS Style

Hassan Nazir; Navaneethan Muthuswamy; Cindrella Louis; Sujin Jose; Jyoti Prakash; Marthe E. Buan; Cristina Flox; Sai Chavan; Xuan Shi; Pertti Kauranen; Tanja Kallio; Gilberto Maia; Kaido Tammeveski; Nikolaos Lymperopoulos; Elena Carcadea; Emre Veziroglu; Alfredo Iranzo; Arunachala M. Kannan. Is the H2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part II: H2 storage, transportation, and distribution. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 20693 -20708.

AMA Style

Hassan Nazir, Navaneethan Muthuswamy, Cindrella Louis, Sujin Jose, Jyoti Prakash, Marthe E. Buan, Cristina Flox, Sai Chavan, Xuan Shi, Pertti Kauranen, Tanja Kallio, Gilberto Maia, Kaido Tammeveski, Nikolaos Lymperopoulos, Elena Carcadea, Emre Veziroglu, Alfredo Iranzo, Arunachala M. Kannan. Is the H2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part II: H2 storage, transportation, and distribution. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (41):20693-20708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan Nazir; Navaneethan Muthuswamy; Cindrella Louis; Sujin Jose; Jyoti Prakash; Marthe E. Buan; Cristina Flox; Sai Chavan; Xuan Shi; Pertti Kauranen; Tanja Kallio; Gilberto Maia; Kaido Tammeveski; Nikolaos Lymperopoulos; Elena Carcadea; Emre Veziroglu; Alfredo Iranzo; Arunachala M. Kannan. 2020. "Is the H2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part II: H2 storage, transportation, and distribution." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 41: 20693-20708.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2020 in Energies
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Electrospun fibers with different concentrations of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were synthesized and the results are reported in this study. The aim was to obtain carbon nanofibers for manufacturing gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The electrospun fibers obtained were carbonized at 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C, in order to have nanofibers with more than 96% of carbon atoms. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed an increase in the diameter from 400–700 nm at 1200 °C to 1000–1400 nm at 1300 °C and 1400 °C. The Raman measurements disclose a higher degree of crystallinity for the sample carbonized at elevated temperatures. The surface area was estimated from the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and the results revealed an increase from 40.69 m2g−1 to 66.89 m2g−1 and 89.92 m2g−1 as the carbonization temperature increased. Simultaneously, the pore volume increased with increasing carbonization temperature. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra reveal that during carbonization treatment, C≡N triple bonds are destroyed with the appearance of C=N double bonds. Decreasing the ID/IG intensities’ ratio from ~1.07 to ~1.00 denotes the defects reduction in carbonaceous materials due to the graphitization process. Therefore, the carbon fibers developed in optimum conditions are appropriate to be further used to produce gas diffusion layers for Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC).

ACS Style

Radu Dorin Andrei; Adriana Marinoiu; Elena Marin; Stanica Enache; Elena Carcadea. Carbon Nanofibers Production via the Electrospinning Process. Energies 2020, 13, 3029 .

AMA Style

Radu Dorin Andrei, Adriana Marinoiu, Elena Marin, Stanica Enache, Elena Carcadea. Carbon Nanofibers Production via the Electrospinning Process. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):3029.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Radu Dorin Andrei; Adriana Marinoiu; Elena Marin; Stanica Enache; Elena Carcadea. 2020. "Carbon Nanofibers Production via the Electrospinning Process." Energies 13, no. 11: 3029.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Here in, we describe an ultrafast, single-step microwave irradiation route (MW) to prepare graphene supported Pt nanoparticles, during which the small Pt nanoparticles are distributed uniformly on a reduced graphene oxide surface. This route provides evident advantages namely low cost, easiness, low time consuming and high yield in comparison to actual chemical methods to develop efficient Pt/rGO catalyst with Pt content close to state-of-the-art commercial composition. The structure and composition of prepared samples have been studied by specific techniques, while the electrocatalytic stability has been studied using ex-situ and in-situ measurements. High performance and electrochemically stable catalyst for PEM fuel cells was developed using the sample with highest loading and good dispersion. The fabricated Pt-rGO-based MEA was investigated for durability under fuel starvation in comparison with commercial Pt/C-based MEA. The electrocatalytic activity was investigated and the electrochemical response revealed the higher stability during accelerated degradation test under fuel starvation in comparison with commercial Pt/C. This study promotes the applicability of described preparation method to noble or transition metal nanoparticles embedded on graphene-based materials.

ACS Style

Adriana Marinoiu; Elena Carcadea; Ada Sacca; Alessandra Carbone; Claudia Sisu; Andreea Dogaru; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. One-step synthesis of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 46, 12242 -12253.

AMA Style

Adriana Marinoiu, Elena Carcadea, Ada Sacca, Alessandra Carbone, Claudia Sisu, Andreea Dogaru, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam. One-step synthesis of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 46 (22):12242-12253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana Marinoiu; Elena Carcadea; Ada Sacca; Alessandra Carbone; Claudia Sisu; Andreea Dogaru; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. 2020. "One-step synthesis of graphene supported platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 22: 12242-12253.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The main issues facing the development of Anion Exchange Membranes (AEM) are the low hydroxide ion (OH−) conductivity compared to protons (H+), and the thermal and chemical stability. Based on the its unique two-dimensional structure, graphene is estimated to be one of the best solutions for the hydrogen ions (H+ and OH−) selectivity and conductivity improvement. This work presents the graphene-composite membranes (AEMGrs) preparation and characterization in comparison with commercial FAA3-20® and FAA3-30® membranes from Fumatech. Various amounts of commercial graphene were incorporated into the Fumion® FAA-3 in NMP (10%), solutions which were then used to fabricate new AEMs by the Doctor-Blade (DB) method. Commercial and graphene-composite AEMs were studied by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier Transformation (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), water uptake (WU), ion exchange capacity (IEC), and in plane four-points electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (4p-EIS). The results indicated that the composite membranes containing 50 mg of graphene exhibited an improved IEC (3.16 mmol g−1) and OH− conductivity (113.27 mS cm−1) at 80 °C measured in 0.01 M KOH (pH = 12).

ACS Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Bruno G. Pollet; Simona Caprarescu; Alin Chitu; Roxana Trusca; Violeta Niculescu; Raluca Gabor; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Bogdan Stefan Vasile. Graphene inclusion effect on anion-exchange membranes properties for alkaline water electrolyzers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 17057 -17066.

AMA Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu, Bruno G. Pollet, Simona Caprarescu, Alin Chitu, Roxana Trusca, Violeta Niculescu, Raluca Gabor, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam, Bogdan Stefan Vasile. Graphene inclusion effect on anion-exchange membranes properties for alkaline water electrolyzers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (35):17057-17066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Bruno G. Pollet; Simona Caprarescu; Alin Chitu; Roxana Trusca; Violeta Niculescu; Raluca Gabor; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Bogdan Stefan Vasile. 2020. "Graphene inclusion effect on anion-exchange membranes properties for alkaline water electrolyzers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 35: 17057-17066.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2020 in Energies
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The Stirling engine together with a solar concentrator represents a solution for increasing energy efficiency. Thus, within the National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, an automation system was designed and implemented in order to control the processes inside the solar conversion unit using a programmable logic controller from Schneider Electric. The acquired parameters from the installed sensors were monitored using Unity Pro L software. The main objective of this paper is to solve the starting, operating, and shut-down sequences in safe conditions, as well as monitor the working parameters.

ACS Style

Dan-Adrian Mocanu; Viorel Bădescu; Ciprian Bucur; Iuliana Ștefan; Elena Carcadea; Maria Simona Răboacă; Ioana Manta. PLC Automation and Control Strategy in a Stirling Solar Power System. Energies 2020, 13, 1917 .

AMA Style

Dan-Adrian Mocanu, Viorel Bădescu, Ciprian Bucur, Iuliana Ștefan, Elena Carcadea, Maria Simona Răboacă, Ioana Manta. PLC Automation and Control Strategy in a Stirling Solar Power System. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):1917.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dan-Adrian Mocanu; Viorel Bădescu; Ciprian Bucur; Iuliana Ștefan; Elena Carcadea; Maria Simona Răboacă; Ioana Manta. 2020. "PLC Automation and Control Strategy in a Stirling Solar Power System." Energies 13, no. 8: 1917.

Review article
Published: 02 April 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The efforts on energy system decarbonization and improved sustainable energy efficiency in developed countries led energy enthusiasts to explore alternative highly effective pathways in accomplishing these goals. Specifically, the transition from hydrocarbon to H2 economy using fuel cells and H2 technologies is a sustainable and favorable approach forward in meeting stationary, transportation, industrial, residential, and commercial sectors. This review in three Parts brings out the capability of H2 for enabling an energy revolution through much-needed flexibility in renewable energy resources. The review identifies the developments and challenges within the H2 generation, storage, transportation, distribution, and usage - as well as applications along with national and international initiatives in the field, all of which suggest a pathway for a greener H2 society. The review also highlights the opportunities and challenges in major energy sectors for H2 technologies. Part I of the series highlights the importance of H2 economy and initiatives from various agencies, and presents several H2 generation methods.

ACS Style

Hassan Nazir; Cindrella Louis; Sujin Jose; Jyoti Prakash; Navaneethan Muthuswamy; Marthe E.M. Buan; Cristina Flox; Sai Chavan; Xuan Shi; Pertti Kauranen; Tanja Kallio; Gilberto Maia; Kaido Tammeveski; Nikolaos Lymperopoulos; Elena Carcadea; Emre Veziroglu; Alfredo Iranzo; Arunachala M. Kannan. Is the H2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part I: H2 production methods. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 13777 -13788.

AMA Style

Hassan Nazir, Cindrella Louis, Sujin Jose, Jyoti Prakash, Navaneethan Muthuswamy, Marthe E.M. Buan, Cristina Flox, Sai Chavan, Xuan Shi, Pertti Kauranen, Tanja Kallio, Gilberto Maia, Kaido Tammeveski, Nikolaos Lymperopoulos, Elena Carcadea, Emre Veziroglu, Alfredo Iranzo, Arunachala M. Kannan. Is the H2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part I: H2 production methods. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (27):13777-13788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan Nazir; Cindrella Louis; Sujin Jose; Jyoti Prakash; Navaneethan Muthuswamy; Marthe E.M. Buan; Cristina Flox; Sai Chavan; Xuan Shi; Pertti Kauranen; Tanja Kallio; Gilberto Maia; Kaido Tammeveski; Nikolaos Lymperopoulos; Elena Carcadea; Emre Veziroglu; Alfredo Iranzo; Arunachala M. Kannan. 2020. "Is the H2 economy realizable in the foreseeable future? Part I: H2 production methods." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 27: 13777-13788.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2020 in SMART ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
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New Energy Storage and Hydrogen Technologies Cryogenic Technologies Material Science for Energy and Environment Isotopes in Environmental Studies and Life Quality Applications

ACS Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; National Research And Development Institute For Cryogenic And Isotopic Technologies; Radu Dorin Andrei; Adrian Enache; Stanica Enache; Amalia Soare; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam. 3-D graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for energy applications. SMART ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT 2020, 23, 13 -20.

AMA Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu, National Research And Development Institute For Cryogenic And Isotopic Technologies, Radu Dorin Andrei, Adrian Enache, Stanica Enache, Amalia Soare, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam. 3-D graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for energy applications. SMART ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT. 2020; 23 (1):13-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; National Research And Development Institute For Cryogenic And Isotopic Technologies; Radu Dorin Andrei; Adrian Enache; Stanica Enache; Amalia Soare; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam. 2020. "3-D graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for energy applications." SMART ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT 23, no. 1: 13-20.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2020 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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We have prepared a highly efficient and stable platinum–cobalt catalyst supported on graphene oxide by using a one-step synthesis microwave-irradiation process. The structure and composition of two different compositions (Pt:Co(2.5:1)/rGO, Pt:Co(2:1)/rGO) have been investigated by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specific surface area (BET), Raman spectroscopy. Their electrocatalytic activity was investigated and the electrochemical response from cyclic voltammetry revealed the high efficiency and stability as well as the potential application as cathode electrode. The electrocatalysts exhibited a superior durability comparing with commercial Pt/C catalyst after accelerated stress test, indicating a lower loss of electrochemical surface area in the case of prepared samples. Moreover, this study extends the applicability of this synthesis method for the preparation of other noble or transitional metal nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide.

ACS Style

Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Catalin Capris; Mihai Varlam. Efficient method to obtain Platinum–Cobalt supported on graphene oxide and electrocatalyst development. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020, 45, 26226 -26237.

AMA Style

Adriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, Mindaugas Andrulevicius, Asta Tamuleviciene, Tomas Tamulevicius, Catalin Capris, Mihai Varlam. Efficient method to obtain Platinum–Cobalt supported on graphene oxide and electrocatalyst development. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020; 45 (49):26226-26237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Catalin Capris; Mihai Varlam. 2020. "Efficient method to obtain Platinum–Cobalt supported on graphene oxide and electrocatalyst development." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 49: 26226-26237.

Review
Published: 03 December 2019 in Energies
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The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. The stationary applications sector is one of the most important energy consumers. Harnessing the potential of renewable energy worldwide is currently being considered to find alternatives for obtaining energy by using technologies that offer maximum efficiency and minimum pollution. In this context, new energy generation technologies are needed to both generate low carbon emissions, as well as identifying, planning and implementing the directions for harnessing the potential of renewable energy sources. Hydrogen fuel cell technology represents one of the alternative solutions for future clean energy systems. This article reviews the specific characteristics of hydrogen energy, which recommends it as a clean energy to power stationary applications. The aim of review was to provide an overview of the sustainability elements and the potential of using hydrogen as an alternative energy source for stationary applications, and for identifying the possibilities of increasing the share of hydrogen energy in stationary applications, respectively. As a study method was applied a SWOT analysis, following which a series of strategies that could be adopted in order to increase the degree of use of hydrogen energy as an alternative to the classical energy for stationary applications were recommended. The SWOT analysis conducted in the present study highlights that the implementation of the hydrogen economy depends decisively on the following main factors: legislative framework, energy decision makers, information and interest from the end beneficiaries, potential investors, and existence of specialists in this field.

ACS Style

Raluca-Andreea Felseghi; Elena Carcadea; Maria Simona Raboaca; Cătălin Nicolae Trufin; Constantin Filote. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for the Sustainable Future of Stationary Applications. Energies 2019, 12, 4593 .

AMA Style

Raluca-Andreea Felseghi, Elena Carcadea, Maria Simona Raboaca, Cătălin Nicolae Trufin, Constantin Filote. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for the Sustainable Future of Stationary Applications. Energies. 2019; 12 (23):4593.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raluca-Andreea Felseghi; Elena Carcadea; Maria Simona Raboaca; Cătălin Nicolae Trufin; Constantin Filote. 2019. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for the Sustainable Future of Stationary Applications." Energies 12, no. 23: 4593.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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In this work, gold nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide (Au/rGOs) samples were synthesized by employing the eco-friendly microwave-assisted process (MW). This rapid process has proven to be a viable and trustworthy new method for Au/rGOs preparation ensuring the simultaneous reduction of GO and obtaining of Au nanoparticles through a simple and facile one-step reaction in aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of prepared Au/rGOs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area. These analyses revealed good phase stability and distinct morphology. The as-prepared Au/rGO was involved in developing of a new membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and in-situ tested in long-time operation of PEMFC. The electrochemical stability of the innovative cathode was evaluated using an accelerated stress test (AST) - cycling potential protocol. The performed aggressive AST demonstrated excellent stability, thus we report an ORR electrocatalyst with enhanced durability. Moreover, this study extends the method applicability in respect to the preparation of other noble metal nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide.

ACS Style

Adriana Marinoiu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. High performance catalytic system with enhanced durability in PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 45, 10409 -10422.

AMA Style

Adriana Marinoiu, Mindaugas Andrulevicius, Asta Tamuleviciene, Tomas Tamulevicius, Elena Carcadea, Mircea Raceanu, Mihai Varlam. High performance catalytic system with enhanced durability in PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 45 (17):10409-10422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana Marinoiu; Mindaugas Andrulevicius; Asta Tamuleviciene; Tomas Tamulevicius; Elena Carcadea; Mircea Raceanu; Mihai Varlam. 2019. "High performance catalytic system with enhanced durability in PEM fuel cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 17: 10409-10422.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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A numerical model for a PEM fuel cell has been developed and used to investigate the effect of some of the key parameters of the porous layers of the fuel cell (GDL and MPL) on its performance. The model is comprehensive as it is three-dimensional, multiphase and non-isothermal and it has been well-validated with the experimental data of a 5 cm2 active area-fuel cell with/without MPLs. As a result of the reduced mass transport resistance of the gaseous and liquid flow, a better performance was achieved when he GDL thickness was decreased. For the same reason, the fuel cell was shown to be significantly improved with increasing the GDL porosity by a factor of 2 and the consumption of oxygen doubled when increasing the porosity from 0.40 to 0.78. Compared to the conventional constant-porosity GDL, the graded-porosity (gradually decreasing from the flow channel to the catalyst layer) GDL was found to enhance the fuel cell performance and this is due to the better liquid water rejection. The incorporation of a realistic value for the contact resistance between the GDL and the bipolar plate slightly decreases the performance of the fuel cell. Also the results show that the addition of the MPL to the GDL is crucially important as it assists in the humidifying of the electrolyte membrane, thus improving the overall performance of the fuel cell. Finally, realistically increasing the MPL contact angle has led to a positive influence on the fuel cell performance.

ACS Style

Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Mohammed Ismail; Derek Binns Ingham; Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Catalin Jianu; Laurentiu Patularu; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu. PEM fuel cell performance improvement through numerical optimization of the parameters of the porous layers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 45, 7968 -7980.

AMA Style

Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam, Mohammed Ismail, Derek Binns Ingham, Adriana Marinoiu, Mircea Raceanu, Catalin Jianu, Laurentiu Patularu, Daniela Ion-Ebrasu. PEM fuel cell performance improvement through numerical optimization of the parameters of the porous layers. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 45 (14):7968-7980.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Mohammed Ismail; Derek Binns Ingham; Adriana Marinoiu; Mircea Raceanu; Catalin Jianu; Laurentiu Patularu; Daniela Ion-Ebrasu. 2019. "PEM fuel cell performance improvement through numerical optimization of the parameters of the porous layers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 14: 7968-7980.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Arabian Journal of Chemistry
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ACS Style

Adriana Marinoiu; M. Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; M. Varlam; I. Stefanescu. Iodinated carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performances. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2019, 12, 868 -880.

AMA Style

Adriana Marinoiu, M. Raceanu, Elena Carcadea, M. Varlam, I. Stefanescu. Iodinated carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performances. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; 12 (6):868-880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana Marinoiu; M. Raceanu; Elena Carcadea; M. Varlam; I. Stefanescu. 2019. "Iodinated carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Scalable synthesis and electrochemical performances." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 6: 868-880.

Short communication
Published: 21 March 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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One of major current technical challenges in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is the limited proton conductivity. Nowadays, graphene is considered one of the most promising candidates for improving the ionic transport properties, isotopic selectivity and proton conductivity throughout the unique two-dimensional structure. In this paper, we report on the development of graphene modified commercial membranes (Fumapem®) containing different graphene loadings for PEMWE applications. The membranes are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetrical and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DSC). Properties of composite membranes are investigated, including water uptake and ion-exchange capacity (IEC). In plane four-electrode arrangement is used to determine the proton conductivity of the composite membranes. It is found that composite membranes show an improved behaviour when compared to pristine commercial membranes and graphene loading can improve proton conductivity. In our conditions, the calculated activation energy (Ea) for proton conduction is found to be about 3.80 kJ mol−1 for the composite Fumapem®/graphene membrane with 10 mg graphene loading, lower than of the pristine polymer proton exchange membrane.

ACS Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Bruno G. Pollet; Adnana Spinu-Zaulet; Amalia Soare; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Simona Caprarescu. Graphene modified fluorinated cation-exchange membranes for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 10190 -10196.

AMA Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu, Bruno G. Pollet, Adnana Spinu-Zaulet, Amalia Soare, Elena Carcadea, Mihai Varlam, Simona Caprarescu. Graphene modified fluorinated cation-exchange membranes for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (21):10190-10196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Ion-Ebrasu; Bruno G. Pollet; Adnana Spinu-Zaulet; Amalia Soare; Elena Carcadea; Mihai Varlam; Simona Caprarescu. 2019. "Graphene modified fluorinated cation-exchange membranes for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 21: 10190-10196.

Journal article
Published: 14 January 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The effect of the catalyst microstructure on a 5 cm2 PEM fuel cell performance is numerically investigated. The catalyst layer composition and properties (i.e. ionomer volume fraction, platinum loading, particle radius, electrochemical active area and carbon support type), and the mass transport resistance due to the ionomer and liquid water surrounding the catalyst particles, are incorporated into the model. The effects of the above parameters are discussed in terms of the polarization curves and the local distributions of the key parameters. An optimum range of the ionomer volume fraction was found and a gain of 39% in the performance was achieved. As regards the platinum loading and catalyst particle radius, the results showed that a higher loading and a smaller radius leads to an increase in the PEMFC performance. Further, the influence of the electrochemical active area produces an overall increase of 22% in current density and this was due to the use of a new material developed as support for Pt particles, an iodine doped graphene, which has better electrical contacts and additional pathways for water removal. Using this parameter, the numerical model has been validated and good agreement with experimental data was achieved, thus giving confidence in the model as a design tool for future improvements of the catalyst structure.

ACS Style

E. Carcadea; M. Varlam; A. Marinoiu; M. Raceanu; M.S. Ismail; D.B. Ingham. Influence of catalyst structure on PEM fuel cell performance – A numerical investigation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 12829 -12841.

AMA Style

E. Carcadea, M. Varlam, A. Marinoiu, M. Raceanu, M.S. Ismail, D.B. Ingham. Influence of catalyst structure on PEM fuel cell performance – A numerical investigation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (25):12829-12841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Carcadea; M. Varlam; A. Marinoiu; M. Raceanu; M.S. Ismail; D.B. Ingham. 2019. "Influence of catalyst structure on PEM fuel cell performance – A numerical investigation." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 25: 12829-12841.