For the purpose ofSO₂reduction and stabilizing ice wine, a new antibacterial technique was developed and verified in order to reduce the content of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and simultaneously maintain protein stability during ice wine aging process. Hazardous bacterial strain (lactic acid bacteria,LAB) and protein stability of Italian Riesling ice wine were evaluated in terms of different amounts of lysozyme,SO₂, polyphenols, and winepHby single‐factor experiments. Subsequently, a quadratic rotation‐orthogonal composite design with four variables was conducted to establish the multiple linear regression model that demonstrated the influence of different treatments on synthesis score betweenLABinhibition and protein stability of ice wine. The results showed that, synthesis score can be influenced by lysozyme andSO₂concentrations on an extremely significant level (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the lysozyme‐combined antibacterial system, which is specially designed for ice wine aging, was optimized step by step by response surface methodology and ridge analysis. As a result, the optimal proportion should be control in ice wine as follows: 179.31 mg L⁻¹lysozyme, 177.14 mg L⁻¹SO₂, 0.60 g L⁻¹polyphenols, and 4.01 ice winepH. Based on this system, the normalized synthesis score betweenLABinhibition and protein stability can reach the highest point 0.920. Finally, by the experiments of verification and comparison, it was indicated that lysozyme‐combined antibacterial system, which was a practical and prospective method to reduceSO₂concentration and effectively prevent contamination from hazardousLAB, can be used to stabilize ice wine during aging process.

Landfill leachate, because of its complex components, may cause pipe clogging during its collection and transportation, and pose a threat to the environment. This study considers two typical drainage pipe materials, i.e., polypropylene-random (PPR) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), to discriminate their anti-scaling performances through a landfill leachate immersion experiment. The results show that both PPR and ABS pipe materials immersed in the younger-aged leachate are prone to scaling. The mass concentrations of Ca2+ in the leachate play a key role in scale formation, followed by Mg2+, pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), and Cl−. In particular, Ca2+, pH, and DO show a positive relationship in scaling, while Mg2+ acts in a negative relationship. Calcium carbonate is the major constituent of the scales, accounting for 72.3% of the total. The scaling on the surface of the PPR pipe material is more serious than that of the ABS pipe material, revealed by the corresponding weight increment that is 33% higher than that related to ABS during the experimental period. It is thus indicated that ABS has better anti-scaling performance, which may be an optional material selected for the system design of leachate collection and transportation.

The low-carbon economy is becoming a critical global development paradigm. As the world’s largest carbon emitter, China’s transition toward low-carbon practices in its construction sector is pivotal for achieving its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Research into the decarbonization pathways and driving factors of this energy- and emission-intensive industry is essential. It not only reduces the sector’s dependence on traditional energy sources but also provides vital support for China’s national energy conservation and emissions reduction strategy. As the construction industry transitions toward low-carbon sustainability, traditional unidimensional assessments based solely on socio-economic and ecological factors are inadequate. This study proposed an integrated evaluation framework using the CRITIC–TOPSIS model, incorporating technological, social, economic, industrial, and energy dimensions. Panel data on energy consumption in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region were employed to assess the construction sector’s low-carbon development level and an ARIMA model was utilized to forecast its low-carbon potential. The results indicate that from 2011 to 2022, the sector’s total carbon emissions followed a unimodal trajectory (initial increase followed by decline), with indirect emissions exceeding 90%, primarily from cement, steel, and other building materials. The regional construction industry exhibited a unimodal trajectory in low-carbon development, characterized by an initial increase followed by a decline. Average construction carbon emissions reached 41,637.5877 million tons, with a transient surge (69.67% increase) occurring between 2011 and 2014. This was followed by a 41.83% reduction from 2014 to 2022, with emissions projected to stabilize and gradually increase through 2030. Technological and industrial factors constitute the primary drivers of sectoral low carbon. Quantitative analysis identified the capital utilization rate, industrial structure, and construction industry gross domestic product (GDP) as key impediments to low-carbon transition, with average impedance degrees of 8.713%, 12.280%, and 12.697%, respectively. This study has revealed the key driving factors for the low-carbon development of the construction industry, extending theoretical frameworks for construction industry sustainability. These findings offer empirical support for formulating regionally differentiated carbon mitigation policies.

Scaling commonly occurs at pipe wall during landfill leachate collection and transportation, which may give rise to pipe rupture, thus posing harm to public health and environment. To prevent scaling, this study prepared a low surface energy nanocomposite by incorporating silicone-acrylate polymer and hydrophobically modified nano-SiO₂ into the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate. Through the characterization of contact angle, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry, the results showed that the prepared composite has low wettability and surface free energy, excellent thermal stability and acid-base resistance. In addition, the prepared composite was compared with the commercial HDPE pipe material regarding their performance on anti-scaling by using an immersion test that places their samples into a simulated landfill leachate. It was apparent that the prepared composite shows better scaling resistance. The study further expects to provide insight into pipe materials design and manufacture, thus to improve landfill leachate collection and transportation.

As a major contributor to energy consumption and carbon emissions, the low-carbon transformation of the construction industry is crucial for China to achieve its established carbon-emission reduction targets. Therefore, a systematic analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution trends and key drivers of carbon emissions in the construction industry is an important reference for the formulation of emission reduction policies in the industry and the promotion of green and low-carbon development. This study first estimated carbon emissions from direct and indirect energy consumption in China’s construction industry. Spatial and temporal variations in emissions were then analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and kernel density methods. Furthermore, an improved logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition model, tailored to the characteristics of the construction industry, was applied to quantify the key driving factors. The results reveal that total carbon emissions follow an inverted U-shaped trend, with indirect carbon emissions—mainly from the production of cement and steel—being the dominant contributors. Emissions display a spatially uneven pattern: high in the east and south, low in the west and north, with the high-emission zone gradually expanding from the east to the central regions. Marked regional differences also exist in the evolution of emission intensity. Output intensity and energy intensity are identified as primary drivers of emissions, with their impact particularly prominent in the eastern region. These findings provide a quantitative basis and theoretical support for developing region-specific emission reduction policies, advancing the green and high-quality development of China’s construction industry.