A practical study was conducted to improve the performance of conventional pyramidal solar stills (CPSS) using two types of fins with differing geometries, as well as nanocomposites of TiO₂ and graphene. The first fin was hollow, cylindrical, and perforated (HCPF), whereas the second fin was an inclined perforated rectangular fin (IPRF). The fins were integrated with the base of a solar still to evaluate their performance in comparison with a CPSS. The obtained experimental results demonstrated that the pyramidal solar still with hollow perforated cylindrical fins (PSS-HCPF) and the pyramidal solar still with inclined perforated rectangular fins (PSS-IPRF) produced more distillate than the PSS-HCPF and CPSS under all examined conditions. The daily productivities of the CPSS, PSS-HCPF, and PSS-IPRF were 3718, 4840, and 5750 mL/m², respectively, with the PSS-HCPF and PSS-IPRF improving the productivity by 31.3% and 55.9%, respectively, compared to that of the CPSS. In addition, using nanocomposites with PSS-IPRF improved the daily distillate production by 82.1%.

Accurate representation of a photovoltaic solar cell requires a comprehensive assessment of modeling factors that are unique to the individual device being studied. In the context of the single diode model, it is necessary to ascertain five distinct parameters, namely Rs, Rsh, Iph, Io, and n. In general, analytical or numerical methods may be used to calculate these values. In this paper, two alternative iterative approaches to solving nonlinear problems in solar cells without temperature are described and analyzed. The new iterative approach has several instances that have been quantitatively tested. This novel approach can be seen as a potential option for solving nonlinear equations. Additionally, a comparison between the suggested method, classic chord formula (CCM), and predictor-corrector type reveals that it is better and has the lowest evaluation. This is supported by an examination of accuracy and efficiency (as evaluated by function evaluations) false position method (FPM).

Cast iron is considered a very common material for manufacturing applications due to its low cost, easy casting and high stress compression sustains. One of the obstacles in the application of cast iron are the corrosion and erosion phenomena which limits using the cast iron in certain applications. To improve the resistance rate of cast iron to corrosion and erosion. Chromium material had been added to the gray cast iron as a function of weight with different ratios to check which ratio is perfect to increase its resistance. The effect of corrosion and erosion on cast iron was investigated experimentally with and without chromium additives on the resistance of gray cast iron with and without chromium additive. Results showed that the mechanical properties increased with the increase of the chromium ratio in the four cases in general to minimize the risk of material destruction from erosion-corrosion.

The correlation between structural and optical properties of an Au, ITO, and ITO/Au/ITO (IUI), gold, indium tin oxide, and indium tin oxide/gold/indium tin oxide, respectively, sandwich structure thin film has been reported in this study. The deposition of all samples onto glass substrates was carried out using D.C. magnetron sputtering, without the use of substrate heating, and the intermediate layer was a metallic gold film with an 8 nm thickness. The substrate-target distance in the IUI structure was kept constant at 8 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are often utilized techniques for the evaluation of the structural and surface morphology of films. The optical properties of the films were demonstrated by a spectrophotometer (UV/vis/NIR) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) techniques adopted for the new amorphous model, and the findings were compared with those between 200 and 2200 nm, where the wavelengths overlap at room temperature, which is the purpose of the present work. The observed and estimated optical constant values of the Au, ITO, and IUI films using the best dispersion model were reported. In addition, the transmission and reflection spectrum results of the films were compared with those obtained by UV measurements. Excellent correlations for the optical constant properties of the multilayer films were observed employing two distinct approaches. These thin films have great promises for the future of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and even industrial applications

Using torch brazing techniques, 316 stainless steel was brazed to CP copper using flux-coated low silver content filler with 20% Ag. The brazing torch utilized a fuel mixture of propane gas with oxygen to produce the required heating amount due to the possibility of economic interest in employing...