Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. However, in certain conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL loses its protective properties, becoming dysfunctional. Bioactive compounds have been widely studied as mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in different diseases, but their mechanisms of action are still unknown. Nonetheless, these agents, which are obtained from functional foods, increase the concentration of HDL, TRC, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this review first summarizes several mechanisms of HDL participation in the equilibrium between inflammation and oxidative stress. Second, it gives an insight into how HDL may act as a vector for bioactive compounds. Third, it describes the relationships between the inflammation process in pregnancy and HDL activity. Consequently, different databases were used, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, where scientific articles published in the English language up to 2023 were identified.

For the writing of this manuscript, we searched information published from 2000 to 2021, through PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Science Direct. Focusing on the effects related to respiratory diseases, in addition to possible direct effects towards SARS-CoV-2, coupled with diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is characterized by affecting the function of glucose, in addition to insulin insufficiency. This leads to patients with such pathologies as being at greater risk for developing multiple complications and increase exposure to viruses infections. This is the case of severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 19 (SARS-CoV-2), which gave rise to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared an international public health emergency in March of 2020 Currently, several strategies have been applied in order to prevent the majority of the consequences of COVID-19, especially in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Among the possible treatment options, we found that the use of phytochemical compounds has exhibited beneficial effects for the prevention and inhibition of infection by SARS-CoV-2, as well as for the improvement of the manifestations of diabetes.

Existe una corriente en el cuidado de los recién nacidos prematuros denominada, “Cuidados centrados en el desarrollo y la familia”, dentro de la cual se encuentra el programa NIDCAP que involucra una serie de intervenciones médicas y de enfermería para disminuir el estrés y sufrimiento del niño, favorecer el desarrollo neurológico, emocional y facilitar la integración de la familia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa sobre el nivel de conocimientos del programa NIDCAP en el personal de enfermería, utilizando el diseño cuasiexperimental, de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, longitudinal. Se realizó en el Hospital Regional del Valle del Mezquital en donde se aplicó un instrumento de evaluación respecto al programa NIDCAP a 12 enfermeros de la UCIN en distintos turnos. Previo a la implementación de la intervención educativa el personal de enfermería tenía un nivel de conocimiento bajo; posteriormente en el postest se obtuvo como resultado que el total de la muestra mejoró a un nivel de conocimiento alto. Tres meses después en etapa de evaluación se observó que continúo alto el nivel de conocimientos. En conclusión, se observó que existe un efecto significativo de la intervención educativa desde el pre test, post test y evaluación con respecto al nivel de conocimiento de los participantes sobre el programa NIDCAP.

Mexico has a wide variety of edible plants, such as mallow and garambullo flowers. Their composition is based on nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals), as well as phytochemicals, organic or inorganic acids, etc. For the traditional consumption of these plants, they are boiled and then combined with other ingredients. However, after a thermal treatment, their nutritional and sensory qualities are affected. In this work, we study the effect of thermal treatment on the total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and vitamin C of two edible plants from Mexico. Both plants had a high amount of TPC as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and apigenin. Both plants had a high amount of TPC as ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and apigenin. After thermal treatment, the samples showed a high antioxidant capacity analyzed by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), associated with a high retention (78 and 89%) of phenolic compounds in the food matrix. Coumarin and ferulic acid were identified in both samples, while apigenin was only found in the mallow leaves and quercetin in the garambullo flowers after thermal treatment. Vitamin C content was higher on mallow leaves compared to garambullo flowers after thermal treatment. Further research is needed to characterize and evaluate the effect in both plants.

The objective of this study is to determine the physiological and metabolic effects of administration of dietary fiber formulations to male Wistar rats. The study population was divided into five groups to which food and water were orally administered ad libitum (control), alongside Psyllium plantago, sennosides A and B, cactus pear peel powder, and cactus pear peel tablet powder for 28 days. Body weight, biochemical parameters, fecal moisture, and intestinal transit were determined. The administration of the fiber formulations did not cause differences between the groups and they maintained a healthy weight; however, the consumption of the cactus pear peel tablet powder decreased serum glucose (127.85 ± 5.37 to 68.30 ± 12.48 mg/dL) in rats in a similar form to Psyllium plantago (127.85 ± 5.37 to 96.96 ± 3.26 mg/dL) in comparison with commercial products for rats, and the cactus pear peel powder had lower triglyceride levels (49.52 to 74.44 mg/dL) than commercial products at the end of the treatment. The samples maintained normal HDL levels with the exception of Psyllium plantago that had a decrease in treatment after 28 days. The administration of formulations of dietary fiber of cactus pear peel had physiological and metabolic effects similar to those of commercial products without change in the growth of the animals. Therefore, it could be used in the pharmaceutical or food industry.

Una de las etapas más importantes en la vida de los seres humanos, es la niñez en sus primeros años, caracterizado por un rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del cerebro. El cual debe ser potenciado por experiencias y estímulos en el entorno. La Estimulación Temprana si bien no es una terapia nueva, se ha convertido en una importante herramienta terapéutica, por lo que es fundamental que el equipo multidisciplinar de salud involucrado, conozca los métodos de valoración y en base a ello se pueda dar un diagnóstico acertado y oportuno, que nos permita aplicar las técnicas de estimulación temprana adecuadas en base a sus necesidades, permitiéndole de esta manera una mejora en el desarrollo del niño.