Helminths have developed intricate mechanisms to survive and evade the host’s immune responses. Hence, understanding the excretory-secretory products (ESPs) by helminths is crucial for developing control tools, including drug targets, vaccines, and potential therapies for inflammatory and metabolic disorders caused by them. Proteomics, the large-scale analysis of proteins, offers a powerful approach to unravel the complex proteomes of helminths and gain insights into their biology. Proteomics, as a science that delves into the functions of proteins, has the potential to revolutionize clinical therapies against parasitic infections that have developed anthelminthic resistance. Proteomic technologies lay a framework for accompanying genomic, reverse genetics, and pharmacokinetic approaches to provide more profound or broader coverage of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response to anthelmintics. With the development of vaccines against helminth infections, proteomics has brought a major change to parasitology. The proteome of helminths can be analyzed comprehensively, revealing the complex network of proteins that enable parasite survival and pathogenicity. Furthermore, it reveals how parasites interact with hosts’ immune systems. The current article reviews the latest advancements in helminth proteomics and highlights their valuable contributions to the search for anthelminthic vaccines.

Background/Objective: Leukemia, a heterogeneous group of blood cancers, can present a significant clinical challenge due to its varying subtypes and complexity. The application of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of leukemia. Based on in vivo studies, this systematic review provides an accurate and current assessment of nanotechnology therapeutic advances in leukemia treatment. Methods: The present systematic review focused on in vivo studies investigating nanotechnology's therapeutic potential for leukemia treatment. Comprehensive searches were conducted across leading databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant publications. Selection criteria encompassed studies that employed animal models to assess nanotechnology effects on leukemia progression. Data extracted from selected articles were rigorously analyzed. This review included studies published between 2010 and 2022. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, 24 relevant studies were identified. According to the findings of this review, nanotechnology has made substantial progress in the treatment of leukemia, as demonstrated by in vivo studies. Advanced nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, precision gene therapies, and targeted therapeutic approaches have consistently exhibited superior outcomes in treating various leukemia subtypes in animal models. These compelling results emphasize the transformative potential of nanotechnology for leukemia therapy. Conclusion: In conclusion, the meticulous analyses of the in vivo studies underscore the role that nanotechnology plays in the advancement of the treatment of leukemia. Nanotechnology has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models, indicating that it can be translated into clinical applications, offering new avenues for treating leukemia and reinforcing its position as an innovative therapeutic approach.