Background: Global colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is significant, constituting 15% of all cancer cases with 1.4 million new diagnoses annually. Recent research suggests categorizing CRC into three clinical groups: right colon cancer (RCC), left colon cancer (LCC), and rectal cancer, each with distinct embryological and molecular characteristics. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 189 patients (103 men, 86 women) undergoing surgery for RCC and LCC from January 2018 to December 2023 was performed. Results: LCC was a more common localization (98, 51.85%) than RCC (91, 48.15%). Patients with RCC were older than patients with LCC (70 (36–92, IQR 11) vs. 68 (38–84, IQR 12.5) years; p = 0.02). The duration of surgical procedure was comparable in both groups (225 (120–420, IQR 80) vs. 210 (105–505, IQR 85) minutes; p = 0.16). Complications occurred in 16 (17.58%) patients with RCC and in 15 (15.31%) patients with LCC (p = 0.72). One-year overall survival was 92.76% (SE 2.16%) (91.57% (SE 3.43%) in the RCC group and 93.99% (SE 2.61%) in the LCC group; p = 0.79). Conclusions: Colon cancer incidence is increasing globally due to economic and lifestyle factors. Our study reflects this trend, noting a rise in cases from 2018 to 2023. Despite several differences, overall survival rates do not significantly differ between RCC and LCC patients. Understanding clinical disparities is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment can emerge as part of aging or from conditions affecting brain function, such as stroke, brain tumors, delirium, and neurodegenerative diseases. Effective cognitive assessment in clinical practice requires brief, reliable tests that evaluate specific cognitive domains. The MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) are among the most frequently used tools for these evaluations, each offering unique insights. Purpose of Research: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MMSE and MoCA in diagnosing cognitive impairment and determining their suitability in various clinical settings and patient profiles. Materials and Methods: The analysis includes 61 articles from databases such as PubMed and Scopus, identified using keywords: Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive Function Tests, MMSE and MoCA. Basic Results: The results indicate that MMSE, while effective for initial dementia screening, is less sensitive to mild cognitive impairment and influenced by education and age. MoCA offers higher sensitivity for MCI and early Alzheimer's stages, making it valuable as a complementary tool to MMSE. Conclusions: Combining MMSE and MoCA assessments can enhance diagnostic accuracy across diverse clinical contexts. Each tool’s unique strengths contribute to a more comprehensive cognitive assessment approach, optimizing diagnostic strategies for specific patient needs.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is becoming an increasingly prevalent clinical issue, leading to a growing number of patients requiring surgical interventions. Consequently, there is an increasing occurrence of para-anastomotic aneurysms as late complications following primary treatment for PAD. These aneurysms typically arise at the sites of graft implantation and necessitate individualized management strategies based on factors such as location, size, and the patient’s overall condition. Materials and Methods: This five-year retrospective study, conducted at a single center, aimed to evaluate the anatomical location, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for 55 patients treated for femoral and popliteal artery para-anastomotic pseudoaneurysms of the lower limb between January 2018 and June 2024. Treatment approaches were determined based on aneurysm size, the extent of atherosclerosis, and the patient’s surgical risk. This study analyzed patient demographics, surgical techniques, postoperative complications, and aneurysm characteristics. Results: Most pseudoaneurysms occurred between 6 and 10 years after the primary procedure. The most common surgical intervention was aneurysmectomy with graft interposition, performed in 46 patients (83.64%), followed by aneurysmectomy with extra-anatomical bypass in 6 patients (10.91%), and endovascular repair (EVAR) in 3 patients (5.45%). Early postoperative complications occurred in 16.36% of patients. The 12-month freedom from graft stenosis was 87.23%, and freedom from anastomotic aneurysm recurrence at 12 months was 100%. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical need for individualized treatment strategies and ongoing surveillance in managing lower-limb para-anastomotic pseudoaneurysms, particularly given the prevalence of lower-limb pain and the high occurrence of such in the common femoral artery. The favorable long-term graft patency rates observed suggest that aneurysmectomy with graft interposition is an effective intervention, reinforcing its role as the primary approach within this patient population.

Background: Peripheral aneurysms, although known about for centuries, are challenging to monitor due to their asymptomatic nature. Advanced imaging has improved detection, which is crucial for preventing emergent complications. This five-year retrospective study from a single center aimed to evaluate the location, presentation, diagnosis, and management of 110 patients with aneurysms of the femoral and popliteal arteries of the lower limb. Materials and methods: The study included 71 true aneurysms and 39 pseudoaneurysms patients treated between 2018–2023. Treatment methods were based on aneurysm size, atherosclerosis severity, and operation risk. The study assessed patient demographics, surgical details, postoperative complications, and aneurysm characteristics. Results: Acute limb ischemia was more prevalent in true aneurysms (25.4% vs. 7.7%; p = 0.02). Aneurysmectomy was performed more frequently in pseudoaneurysms (87.2% vs. 54.9%; p < 0.001), while endovascular treatment and surgical bypass were more common in true aneurysms (Endovascular: 22.5% vs. 2.6%; p = 0.01; bypass: 21.1% vs. 0%; p < 0.001). Early postoperative complications occurred in 22.7% of patients. The 12-month freedom from reoperations (73.7% vs. 87%; p = 0.07), amputations (97.7% vs. 93.8%; p = 0.2), and graft stenosis (78.7% vs. 86.87%; p = 0.06) showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: Lower limb aneurysms often present with non-specific symptoms, leading to late diagnosis and life-threatening complications. Both open and endovascular treatments are feasible, though more research is needed for pseudoaneurysms. Vigilant follow-up is crucial due to potential adverse events, though overall mortality and morbidity remain low.

Background: Tumor sidedness in colon cancer has been linked to biological and clinical differences, but its impact on survival and prognostic factors remains unclear. This study aimed to find the predictors of overall survival (OS) in patients with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC) undergoing surgical treatment. Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted on 247 patients with colon cancer, including 117 with RCC and 130 with LCC. Clinical, surgical, and pathological variables were analyzed. Cox regression and ROC curve analyses were used to identify independent predictors of OS in the overall cohort and tumor-side subgroups. Results: RCC patients were older (69 vs. 68 years, p = 0.03), had lower hemoglobin levels (11.7 vs. 12.95 g/dL, p < 0.01), and more often presented with anemia (34.18% vs. 11.48%, p < 0.001). LCC patients more frequently underwent emergency surgery (13.74% vs. 5.69%, p = 0.03). Mucinous adenocarcinomas were more frequent in RCC (12.82% vs. 5.38%, p = 0.03), whereas distant metastases (15.38% vs. 6.84%, p = 0.03) and liver metastases (14.61% vs. 6.84%, p = 0.04) were more common in LCC. The one-year overall survival was similar between LCC and RCC before (88.09% vs. 91.52%, p = 0.15) and after propensity score matching (89.32% vs. 91.87%, p = 0.60) In multivariate Cox regression, independent predictors of lower OS included advanced AJCC stage (HR = 34.54, p < 0.001) in RCC, while, in LCC, AJCC stage (HR = 31.14, p = 0.001 and stoma (HR = 5.86, p = 0.01) were significant. Tumor location itself was not associated with OS (p = 0.18). Conclusions: Prognostic factors in colon cancer vary with tumor location. Side-specific risk stratification may improve outcome prediction and guide personalized management.

Introduction and purpose: Endometriosis is a gynecological disease that affects about 10% of women worldwide. Women suffering from endometriosis are susceptible to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is essential to highlight the psychological struggles of women with endometriosis in order to integrate physical and psychological care and subsequently enhance the treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: Medical databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Google Scholar were searched for scientific papers on endometriosis and its relationship with the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Research outlined the influence of endometriosis treatment, social stigmatization and non-medicinal approach. State of knowledge: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among women with endometriosis is significant. The symptoms of the disease influence daily struggles, relationship with partners and family, education and career responsibilities, subsequently lowering the quality of life. Women with endometriosis experience social stigmatization manifested not only from society members but also from healthcare professionals. The approach to the medical treatment by patients was discovered to be of consequence. Literature review emphasizes the benefits of psychological support and empathetic attitude of medical practitioners. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary team is essential in order to provide intervention strategies leading to greater therapeutic outcomes in endometriosis treatment. Endometriosis and mental disorders are inextricably connected. More research is needed to accent the importance of mental health in the treatment of physical conditions.