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Boyu Qin
The School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an People's Republic of China

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Rapid communication
Published: 10 June 2021 in IET Power Electronics
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This paper studies the interaction between the damping characteristics and the initial-stage short-circuit current of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission system. First, the MMCs' input–output characteristics are obtained through the operator approach, and the influences of both linear part and nonlinear part are analysed. Second, an input–output characteristics based short-circuit current calculation method is proposed. Third, an eigenvalue-based comprehensive index is proposed to evaluate the damping characteristics of the MMC-HVDC transmission system. Finally, the interaction between the damping characteristics and the initial-stage DC short-circuit current is analysed under different system parameters and DC system structures. The analysis results show that there is a negative correlation between the system damping characteristics and the average rising rate of the short-circuit current. The proposed index G can effectively evaluate the short-circuit current of MMC-HVDC and can provide guidance for the planning of DC system structure, the selection of operation mode and system parameters.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Wansong Liu; Xingyue Zhou; Tao Ding; Wei Li; Albert Y. Zomaya. Interaction between damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC transmission systems. IET Power Electronics 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Wansong Liu, Xingyue Zhou, Tao Ding, Wei Li, Albert Y. Zomaya. Interaction between damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC transmission systems. IET Power Electronics. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Wansong Liu; Xingyue Zhou; Tao Ding; Wei Li; Albert Y. Zomaya. 2021. "Interaction between damping characteristics and the initial‐stage short‐circuit current of MMC‐HVDC transmission systems." IET Power Electronics , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Langmuir
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We conduct Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations on models of dilute colloidal dispersions, where the particles interact via isotropic potentials of mean force (PMFs) that display a long-ranged repulsion, combined with a short-ranged and narrow attraction. Such systems are known to form anisotropic clusters. There are two main conclusions from this work. First, we demonstrate that the width of the attractive region has a significant impact on the type of structures that are formed. A narrow attractive well tends to produce clusters in which particles possess fewer neighbors than in systems where the attraction is wider. Second, metastable clusters appear to persist in the absence of specific simulation moves designed to overcome large energy barriers to particle accumulation. The so-called “Aggregation-Volume Bias Monte Carlo” moves were previously developed by Chen and Siepmann, and they facilitate particle exchanges between clusters via unphysical moves that bypass high energy intermediate states. These facilitate the progression of metastable clusters to equilibrium clusters. Metastable clusters are generally large with significant branching of thin filaments of aggregated particles, while stable clusters have thicker backbones and tend to be more compact with significantly fewer particles. This general behavior is observed in both two- and three-dimensional systems. In two dimensions, less anisotropic clusters with backbones possessing lattice structures will occur, particularly for systems where the particles interact with a PMF that has a relatively wide attractive region. We compare our results with PMF calculations established from a more specific model, namely weakly charged polystyrene particles, which carry a thin surface layer of grafted polyethylene oxide polymers in aqueous solution. We hope that our investigations can serve as crude guidelines for experimental research, aiming to construct linear or branched polymers in aqueous solution built up by colloidal monomers that are large enough to be studied by confocal microscopy. We suggest that metastable clusters are more relevant to experimental scenarios where the energetic barriers are too large to be surmounted over typical timescales.

ACS Style

Sara Haddadi; Hongduo Lu; Marcus Bäcklund; Clifford E. Woodward; Jan Forsman. Polymer-Like Self-Assembled Structures from Particles with Isotropic Interactions: Dependence upon the Range of the Attraction. Langmuir 2021, 37, 6052 -6061.

AMA Style

Sara Haddadi, Hongduo Lu, Marcus Bäcklund, Clifford E. Woodward, Jan Forsman. Polymer-Like Self-Assembled Structures from Particles with Isotropic Interactions: Dependence upon the Range of the Attraction. Langmuir. 2021; 37 (19):6052-6061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Haddadi; Hongduo Lu; Marcus Bäcklund; Clifford E. Woodward; Jan Forsman. 2021. "Polymer-Like Self-Assembled Structures from Particles with Isotropic Interactions: Dependence upon the Range of the Attraction." Langmuir 37, no. 19: 6052-6061.

Original research paper
Published: 01 May 2021 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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Low voltage ride through (LVRT) requires wind generation systems (WGS) to maintain continuous operation and provide reactive power support under grid voltage dips. This paper proposes a novel disturbance attenuation control (DAC) approach based on state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique to enhance the LVRT capability of doubly fed induction generator‐based (DFIG‐based) WGS. The DAC problems are formulated with the control objectives for rotor side converter and grid side converter, and the weighing matrices are designed with fully studied principles to balance the control effect and cost. The SDRE technique is adopted to solve the DAC problems, and an alternative feasible state dependent coefficient construction algorithm is applied to improve computational efficiency. An active Crowbar circuit with overcurrent limiting mechanism is applied to ensure the rotor current and DC link voltage within the secure zone. Comparisons with conventional PI controller, exact linearization controller and coordinated control strategy are performed, the results demonstrate the proposed DAC approach has a better transient performance and enhances the LVRT capability of DFIG‐based WGS.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Ruowei Zhang; Hengyi Li; Tao Ding; Wansong Liu. Disturbance attenuation control for LVRT capability enhancement of doubly fed wind generators. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2021, 15, 2582 -2592.

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Ruowei Zhang, Hengyi Li, Tao Ding, Wansong Liu. Disturbance attenuation control for LVRT capability enhancement of doubly fed wind generators. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2021; 15 (18):2582-2592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Ruowei Zhang; Hengyi Li; Tao Ding; Wansong Liu. 2021. "Disturbance attenuation control for LVRT capability enhancement of doubly fed wind generators." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 15, no. 18: 2582-2592.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Fluid Phase Equilibria
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In a previous publication (Xie et al., Langmuir 29, 2659 (2013)), we demonstrated that polymer solutions, which display a bulk lower critical solution temperature (LCST) may undergo a phase transition in a porous environment below the LCST. Such capillary induced transitions are thus supra-critical, given that the associated bulk solution only contains a single fluid phase. The current work explores this phenomenon for mixtures of simple particles, with ostensibly isotropic interactions, that also display a bulk LCST. We demonstrate that capillary-induced phase transitions may occur at temperatures considerably below the LCST, in these cases as well. The connection to systems with anisotropic interactions, e.g., aqueous solutions containing hydrogen-bonding solutes, is also elucidated. In contrast to the complex analysis carried out in polymeric systems, a simple classical density functional approach is employed here, which serves to illustrate the ubiquitous nature of this phenomenon. This makes the conclusions of the present study more accessible to researchers in a range of fields, which may inspire experimental confirmation of our qualitative theoretical predictions. Possible future applications may include utilisation of this phenomenon in chromatographic methods.

ACS Style

Sara Haddadi; Clifford E. Woodward; Jan Forsman. Confinement-induced fluid-fluid phase transitions in simple fluid mixtures, under bulk supra-critical conditions. Fluid Phase Equilibria 2021, 540, 112983 .

AMA Style

Sara Haddadi, Clifford E. Woodward, Jan Forsman. Confinement-induced fluid-fluid phase transitions in simple fluid mixtures, under bulk supra-critical conditions. Fluid Phase Equilibria. 2021; 540 ():112983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Haddadi; Clifford E. Woodward; Jan Forsman. 2021. "Confinement-induced fluid-fluid phase transitions in simple fluid mixtures, under bulk supra-critical conditions." Fluid Phase Equilibria 540, no. : 112983.

Research article
Published: 12 February 2021 in ACS Nano
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We study systems containing oppositely charged colloidal particles under applied alternating current electric fields (AC fields) using overdamped Langevin dynamics simulations in three dimensions. We obtain jammed bands perpendicular to the field direction under intermediate frequencies and lanes parallel with the field under low frequencies. These structures also depend upon the particle charges. The pathway for generating jammed bands follows a stepwise mechanism, and intermediate bands are observed during lane formation in some systems. We investigate the component of the pressure tensors in the direction parallel to the field and observe that the jammed to lane transition occurs at a critical value for this pressure. We also find that the stable steady states appear to satisfy the principle of maximum entropy production. Our results may help to improve the understand of the underlying mechanisms for these types of dynamic phase transitions and the subsequent cooperative assemblies of colloidal particles under such non-equilibrium conditions.

ACS Style

Bin Li; Yong-Lei Wang; Guang Shi; Yangyang Gao; Xinghua Shi; Clifford E. Woodward; Jan Forsman. Phase Transitions of Oppositely Charged Colloidal Particles Driven by Alternating Current Electric Field. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 2363 -2373.

AMA Style

Bin Li, Yong-Lei Wang, Guang Shi, Yangyang Gao, Xinghua Shi, Clifford E. Woodward, Jan Forsman. Phase Transitions of Oppositely Charged Colloidal Particles Driven by Alternating Current Electric Field. ACS Nano. 2021; 15 (2):2363-2373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bin Li; Yong-Lei Wang; Guang Shi; Yangyang Gao; Xinghua Shi; Clifford E. Woodward; Jan Forsman. 2021. "Phase Transitions of Oppositely Charged Colloidal Particles Driven by Alternating Current Electric Field." ACS Nano 15, no. 2: 2363-2373.

Paper
Published: 11 February 2021 in Soft Matter
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We used a recently developed classical Density Functional Theory (DFT) method to study the structures, phase transitions, and electrochemical behaviours of two coarse-grained ionic fluid models, in the presence of a perfectly conducting model electrode.

ACS Style

Hongduo Lu; Samuel Sebastian Stenberg; Clifford Edwin Woodward; Jan Forsman. Structural transitions at electrodes, immersed in simple ionic liquid models. Soft Matter 2021, 17, 3876 -3885.

AMA Style

Hongduo Lu, Samuel Sebastian Stenberg, Clifford Edwin Woodward, Jan Forsman. Structural transitions at electrodes, immersed in simple ionic liquid models. Soft Matter. 2021; 17 (14):3876-3885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongduo Lu; Samuel Sebastian Stenberg; Clifford Edwin Woodward; Jan Forsman. 2021. "Structural transitions at electrodes, immersed in simple ionic liquid models." Soft Matter 17, no. 14: 3876-3885.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Electrochimica Acta
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Using a combination of experimental measurements and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, we study the impedance of hybrid electrode composed of graphene and carbon nanometer onions (CNOs). On the experiment’s side, electrochemical measurements are conducted on the electrodde sample prepared from growing CNOs onto the graphitic plane. The general trend of impedance’s variations with frequencies is identified at different temperatures and ion concentration. Parameter fitting of equivalent circuit is accomplished with the assistance from machine learning technique using neural network. On the simulation’s side, electrode geometries including concave slit-pore and convex CNO-pore surfaces are modeled to investigate ion movements. Based on trajectories of ion dynamics, the physical origin of corresponding equivalent circuit component such as constant phase element is revealed. Regarding the geometry of electrode surface, the divide between planar and nonplanar part is observed in terms of charging level and charging time constant. Between the slit-pore and CNO-pore geometries, the differences in impedance spectrum is quantitatively characterized by solving the topology of and parameter of transmission line model of the equivalent circuit. In the branch of transmission line model, the resistance and capacitance are both larger for the space closer to the pore bottom or further from pore mouth.

ACS Style

Ke Ma; Boyu Qin; Xuewei Wang. Understanding the Impedance of CNOs-Graphene hybrid electrode through both experimental and simulated electrochemical impedance spectrum. Electrochimica Acta 2021, 371, 137839 .

AMA Style

Ke Ma, Boyu Qin, Xuewei Wang. Understanding the Impedance of CNOs-Graphene hybrid electrode through both experimental and simulated electrochemical impedance spectrum. Electrochimica Acta. 2021; 371 ():137839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Ma; Boyu Qin; Xuewei Wang. 2021. "Understanding the Impedance of CNOs-Graphene hybrid electrode through both experimental and simulated electrochemical impedance spectrum." Electrochimica Acta 371, no. : 137839.

Short communication
Published: 22 December 2020 in Energy Reports
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This paper studies influence of control system dynamics on the small-signal stability of modular multilevel converter (MMC) based multi-terminal DC (MTDC) transmission system. The small signal model is derived based on the state–space model of an MMC-based MTDC. Eigenvalue analysis and participation factor analysis are applied to study the inherent oscillatory modes of MMC-based MTDC transmission systems. The impacts of control system parameters on small-signal stability of the system are investigated through sensitivity analysis. The study shows that the control systems strongly affected the small signal stability of the MMC-based MTDC and the d-axis proportional gains in d–q decoupling main controllers have great impact on system stability, which needs to be properly selected for stability enhancement.

ACS Style

Wansong Liu; Boyu Qin; Ruowei Zhang; Jialing Liu; Hengyi Li. Impact of control system on small-signal stability of MMC-based MTDC transmission system. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 1130 -1135.

AMA Style

Wansong Liu, Boyu Qin, Ruowei Zhang, Jialing Liu, Hengyi Li. Impact of control system on small-signal stability of MMC-based MTDC transmission system. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():1130-1135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wansong Liu; Boyu Qin; Ruowei Zhang; Jialing Liu; Hengyi Li. 2020. "Impact of control system on small-signal stability of MMC-based MTDC transmission system." Energy Reports 6, no. : 1130-1135.

Short communication
Published: 22 December 2020 in Energy Reports
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Excessive reactive power generated by the filter and compensation devices of rectifier station will flow into the AC system when DC bipolar block occurs, which brings a high voltage threat to doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms at the sending-end. This paper proposes a nonlinear robust tracking control (RTC) strategy to enhance the high-voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of DFIG-based wind farms. In the proposed strategy, the nonlinear characteristics of wind farms and the disturbance attenuation requirements during DC bipolar block is fully considered. The RTC problem is formulated with control objective of absorbing the reactive power injected into the AC system, and state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique is adopted to obtain an approximate solution. Case studies are performed on MATLAB/Simulink, the results illustrate the proposed HVRT control strategy has a better transient performance of suppressing overvoltage under Bipolar Blocking of HVDC System.

ACS Style

Ruowei Zhang; Boyu Qin; Hengyi Li; Wansong Liu. High-voltage ride through strategy for DFIG-based wind farms under bipolar blocking of HVDC system. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 1568 -1573.

AMA Style

Ruowei Zhang, Boyu Qin, Hengyi Li, Wansong Liu. High-voltage ride through strategy for DFIG-based wind farms under bipolar blocking of HVDC system. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():1568-1573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruowei Zhang; Boyu Qin; Hengyi Li; Wansong Liu. 2020. "High-voltage ride through strategy for DFIG-based wind farms under bipolar blocking of HVDC system." Energy Reports 6, no. : 1568-1573.

Journal article
Published: 03 November 2020 in The Journal of Chemical Physics
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We use semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to study an electrolytic capacitor with an adsorbed peptide on the electrode surfaces. Only homogeneous peptides are considered, consisting of only a single residue type. We find that the classical double-hump camel-shaped differential capacitance in such systems is augmented by the addition of a third peak, due to the capacitance contribution of the peptide, essentially superimposed on the salt contribution. This mechanistic picture is justified using a simple mean-field analysis. We find that the position of this third peak can be tuned to various surface potential values by adjusting the ambient pH of the electrolyte solution. We investigate the effect of changing the residue type and the concentration of the adsorbed peptide and of the supporting electrolyte. Varying the residue species and pH allows one to modify the capacitance profile as a function of surface potential, facilitating the design of varying discharging patterns for the capacitor.

ACS Style

Phuong Vo; Jan Forsman; Clifford E. Woodward. A semi-GCMC simulation study of electrolytic capacitors with adsorbed titrating peptides. The Journal of Chemical Physics 2020, 153, 174703 .

AMA Style

Phuong Vo, Jan Forsman, Clifford E. Woodward. A semi-GCMC simulation study of electrolytic capacitors with adsorbed titrating peptides. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2020; 153 (17):174703.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Phuong Vo; Jan Forsman; Clifford E. Woodward. 2020. "A semi-GCMC simulation study of electrolytic capacitors with adsorbed titrating peptides." The Journal of Chemical Physics 153, no. 17: 174703.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
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This letter assesses the impact of cyber-attacks on the control system of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based High-Voltage DC (MMC-HVDC) transmission technology. Specifically, the small-signal model of the MMC-HVDC is characterized by a closed-loop matrix and the distance to the small-signal instability is then quantified by structured pseudospectrum. Furthermore, a vertical search method is proposed to quantify the boundary of the structured pseudospectrum. The proposed quantification model with the vertical search method can be extended to the control of other power electronics-based systems. Case studies on a two-terminal MMC-HVDC system verify the effectiveness of the qualification method.

ACS Style

Tao Ding; Ziyu Zeng; Boyu Qin; Junbo Zhao; Yongheng Yang; Frede Blaabjerg; Zhaoyang Dong. Quantifying Cyber Attacks on Industrial MMC-HVDC Control System Using Structured Pseudospectrum. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2020, 36, 4915 -4920.

AMA Style

Tao Ding, Ziyu Zeng, Boyu Qin, Junbo Zhao, Yongheng Yang, Frede Blaabjerg, Zhaoyang Dong. Quantifying Cyber Attacks on Industrial MMC-HVDC Control System Using Structured Pseudospectrum. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2020; 36 (5):4915-4920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Ding; Ziyu Zeng; Boyu Qin; Junbo Zhao; Yongheng Yang; Frede Blaabjerg; Zhaoyang Dong. 2020. "Quantifying Cyber Attacks on Industrial MMC-HVDC Control System Using Structured Pseudospectrum." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 5: 4915-4920.

Review
Published: 27 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been widely adopted in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems due to its significant advantages. MMC-HVDC is developing towards multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) power grid for reliability enhancement. However, there exist a huge amplitude and a steep rise in fault current due to the low impedances of DC lines and MMCs, which threaten the security and reliability of the DC power grids. It is necessary to restrain the DC short circuit current in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of DC power grids. This paper gives a comprehensive review and evaluation of the proposed DC short-circuit current analysis and suppression techniques used in MMC-based MTDC power girds, in terms of MMC modeling, short circuit calculation, and suppression method. In addition, future trends of countermeasures to short circuit current in MMC-based MTDC power grids are also discussed.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Wansong Liu; Ruowei Zhang; Jialing Liu; Hengyi Li. Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6769 .

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Wansong Liu, Ruowei Zhang, Jialing Liu, Hengyi Li. Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Wansong Liu; Ruowei Zhang; Jialing Liu; Hengyi Li. 2020. "Review on Short-circuit Current Analysis and Suppression Techniques for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6769.

Research article
Published: 11 September 2020 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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The stability of the modular multilevel converter-based multi-terminal direct current (MMC-based MTDC) transmission system is strongly affected by the coupling among multiple elements and the interaction between the control systems. Improper designed control parameters may deteriorate the dynamic response or even reduce the stability margin of the MMC-based MTDC. This study proposes an optimal control parameters design approach to enhance the stability of MMC-based MTDC. The dynamic model of an MMC-based MTDC consisting of main circuit, control system, AC system and DC system is established, and the small-signal stability model is derived. The impact of control systems on the stability of MMC-based MTDC is studied through participation factor analysis. An optimal control parameters design problem with an eigenvalue-based objective function is formulated and a sensitivity analysis-based optimisation algorithm is proposed to optimise the control parameters jointly. The backtracking line search is applied to determine the feasible step size in each iteration. Stability assessment and time-domain simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Wansong Liu; Ruowei Zhang; Tao Ding; Jialing Liu. Small‐signal stability analysis and optimal control parameters design of MMC‐based MTDC transmission systems. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2020, 14, 4675 -4683.

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Wansong Liu, Ruowei Zhang, Tao Ding, Jialing Liu. Small‐signal stability analysis and optimal control parameters design of MMC‐based MTDC transmission systems. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2020; 14 (21):4675-4683.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Wansong Liu; Ruowei Zhang; Tao Ding; Jialing Liu. 2020. "Small‐signal stability analysis and optimal control parameters design of MMC‐based MTDC transmission systems." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 21: 4675-4683.

Research article
Published: 06 August 2020 in IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
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With the growing penetration of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farms (WFs) in power systems, short-term voltage stability problem has become more prominent. This study proposes a new approach for post-fault short-term voltage stability analysis by establishing a quantitative relationship between the system states/outputs and external disturbances. The concept of the integral-integral estimate, which is equivalent to input-to-state stability, was adopted to perform quantitative analysis at the subsystem level, and practical algorithms were developed to study the local input-to-state/output stability properties of subsystems. System-level quantitative analysis was achieved through the proposed criterion considering the stability properties of subsystems and their connections. The proposed method reveals the dynamic responses of the system under external disturbances and quantifies the size of the external disturbance that the system can tolerate, thus facilitating the operation of the power system integrated with DFIG-based WFs. The short-term voltage stability of a test power system was analysed using the proposed quantitative stability analysis approach, and the results were verified through time-domain simulations.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Hengyi Li; Xuemin Zhang; Tao Ding; Ke Ma; Shengwei Mei. Quantitative short‐term voltage stability analysis of power systems integrated with DFIG‐based wind farms. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2020, 14, 4264 -4272.

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Hengyi Li, Xuemin Zhang, Tao Ding, Ke Ma, Shengwei Mei. Quantitative short‐term voltage stability analysis of power systems integrated with DFIG‐based wind farms. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 2020; 14 (19):4264-4272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Hengyi Li; Xuemin Zhang; Tao Ding; Ke Ma; Shengwei Mei. 2020. "Quantitative short‐term voltage stability analysis of power systems integrated with DFIG‐based wind farms." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, no. 19: 4264-4272.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2020 in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
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We present a useful methodology to simulate ionic fluids confined by two charged and perfectly conducting surfaces.

ACS Style

Samuel Sebastian Stenberg; Björn Stenqvist; Clifford Edwin Woodward; Jan Forsman. Grand canonical simulations of ions between charged conducting surfaces using exact 3D Ewald summations. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2020, 22, 13659 -13665.

AMA Style

Samuel Sebastian Stenberg, Björn Stenqvist, Clifford Edwin Woodward, Jan Forsman. Grand canonical simulations of ions between charged conducting surfaces using exact 3D Ewald summations. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2020; 22 (24):13659-13665.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samuel Sebastian Stenberg; Björn Stenqvist; Clifford Edwin Woodward; Jan Forsman. 2020. "Grand canonical simulations of ions between charged conducting surfaces using exact 3D Ewald summations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 24: 13659-13665.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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Electric vehicles (EVs) have rapidly developed in recent years and their penetration has also significantly increased, which, however, brings new challenges to power systems. Due to their stochastic behaviors, the improper charging strategies for EVs may violate the voltage security region. To address this problem, an optimal EV charging strategy in a distribution network is proposed to max-imize the profit of the distribution system operators while satisfying all the physical constraints. When dealing with the uncertainties from EVs, a Markov decision process (MDP) model is built to characterize the time series of the uncertainties and then the deep deterministic policy gradient based reinforcement learning tech-nique is utilized to analyze the impact of uncertainties on the charging strategy. Finally, numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

ACS Style

Tao Ding; Ziyu Zeng; Jiawen Bai; Boyu Qin; Yongheng Yang; Mohammad Shahidehpour. Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy With Markov Decision Process and Reinforcement Learning Technique. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 56, 5811 -5823.

AMA Style

Tao Ding, Ziyu Zeng, Jiawen Bai, Boyu Qin, Yongheng Yang, Mohammad Shahidehpour. Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy With Markov Decision Process and Reinforcement Learning Technique. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 56 (5):5811-5823.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Ding; Ziyu Zeng; Jiawen Bai; Boyu Qin; Yongheng Yang; Mohammad Shahidehpour. 2020. "Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy With Markov Decision Process and Reinforcement Learning Technique." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 5: 5811-5823.

Review
Published: 22 March 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In recent years, considerable advances were made in wind power generation. The growing penetration of wind power makes it necessary for wind turbines to maintain continuous operation during voltage dips, which is stated as the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines (DFIG-WTs), which are widely used in wind power generation, are sensitive to disturbances from the power grid. Therefore, several kinds of protection circuits and control methods are applied to DFIG-WTs for LVRT capability enhancement. This paper gives a comprehensive review and evaluation of the proposed LVRT solutions used in DFIG-WTs, including external retrofit methods and internal control techniques. In addition, future trends of LVRT solutions are also discussed in this paper.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Hengyi Li; Xingyue Zhou; Jing Li; Wansong Liu. Low-Voltage Ride-Through Techniques in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines: A Review. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 2154 .

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Hengyi Li, Xingyue Zhou, Jing Li, Wansong Liu. Low-Voltage Ride-Through Techniques in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines: A Review. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (6):2154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Hengyi Li; Xingyue Zhou; Jing Li; Wansong Liu. 2020. "Low-Voltage Ride-Through Techniques in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines: A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6: 2154.

Research article
Published: 03 March 2020 in Inorganic Chemistry
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Aqueous solution state host–guest systems have been studied, comprising the large host cucurbit[10]uril with luminescent cationic tris(polypyridyl) (PP) metal complexes [Ru(PP)3]2+ and [Ir(PP)3]3+. All complexes bind strongly with the host, with the overall complex charge and size having a minor effect on affinity but influencing the association dynamics and contribution from higher-order (1:2) host–guest species. The 1:2 species contributes more significantly to the binding equilibrium in the case of [Ru(phen)3]2+. The effect of the host upon emission is highly variable and depends on the electronic structure of the guest. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission of [Ru(PP)3]2+ is strongly quenched, in contrast to the large enhancements seen previously for MLCT emission of iridium cyclometalated complexes, while the ligand-centered emission of [Ir(PP)3]3+ is little affected. The mechanisms of quenching and enhancement are discussed, together with the implications for the design of larger supramolecular assemblies based on these archetypal emitters.

ACS Style

K. M. Anis-Ul-Haque; Clifford E. Woodward; Anthony I. Day; Lynne Wallace. Interaction of the Large Host Q[10] with Metal Polypyridyl Complexes: Binding Modes and Effects on Luminescence. Inorganic Chemistry 2020, 59, 3942 -3953.

AMA Style

K. M. Anis-Ul-Haque, Clifford E. Woodward, Anthony I. Day, Lynne Wallace. Interaction of the Large Host Q[10] with Metal Polypyridyl Complexes: Binding Modes and Effects on Luminescence. Inorganic Chemistry. 2020; 59 (6):3942-3953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. M. Anis-Ul-Haque; Clifford E. Woodward; Anthony I. Day; Lynne Wallace. 2020. "Interaction of the Large Host Q[10] with Metal Polypyridyl Complexes: Binding Modes and Effects on Luminescence." Inorganic Chemistry 59, no. 6: 3942-3953.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering
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An isolated power system (IPS) usually operates in an islanded mode. Because of the lack of support from an external power grid, stability is a prominent issue for IPSs. This article proposes a novel stability analysis approach for IPSs based on the input-to-state stability (ISS) theory. Compared with existing stability analyses that use simulations and direct methods, the proposed method decomposes the stability analysis process by considering the ISS properties of subsystems and a network equation that reflects their connections. Thus, it has good adaptability for the stability analysis of systems with flexible operating conditions. Algorithms are presented for estimating the ISS properties of subsystems, and asymptotic gains in a piecewise linear form are adopted. The small gain theorem is used for the decomposed stability analysis, and a practical algorithm to numerically check the small gain condition is presented. Time-domain simulations were performed with a test system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed decomposition-based stability analysis approach.

ACS Style

Boyu Qin; Jin Ma; Wei Li; Tao Ding; Haoyuan Sun; Albert Y. Zomaya. Decomposition-Based Stability Analysis for Isolated Power Systems With Reduced Conservativeness. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 2020, 17, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Boyu Qin, Jin Ma, Wei Li, Tao Ding, Haoyuan Sun, Albert Y. Zomaya. Decomposition-Based Stability Analysis for Isolated Power Systems With Reduced Conservativeness. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. 2020; 17 (3):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Boyu Qin; Jin Ma; Wei Li; Tao Ding; Haoyuan Sun; Albert Y. Zomaya. 2020. "Decomposition-Based Stability Analysis for Isolated Power Systems With Reduced Conservativeness." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 17, no. 3: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Chemical Physics Letters
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We look into the electrostatic screening in ionic liquids through the calculations of structural profiles and surface forces inside the slit system with varying width. The strong ion-ion correlation is modeled with ion pair association using reaction-based classical density functional theory. The equilibrium densities and ion pair fraction are solved iteratively. For pure ionic liquids, the oscillation of charge density is damped over relatively short range while surface force decays exponentially in the long range. Pair fraction approaches the bulk value asymptotically with growing slit width. Different components of surface force are identified according to various types of interactions.

ACS Style

Ke Ma; Cheng Lian; Clifford E. Woodward; Boyu Qin. Classical density functional theory reveals coexisting short-range structural decay and long-range force decay in ionic liquids. Chemical Physics Letters 2019, 739, 137001 .

AMA Style

Ke Ma, Cheng Lian, Clifford E. Woodward, Boyu Qin. Classical density functional theory reveals coexisting short-range structural decay and long-range force decay in ionic liquids. Chemical Physics Letters. 2019; 739 ():137001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Ma; Cheng Lian; Clifford E. Woodward; Boyu Qin. 2019. "Classical density functional theory reveals coexisting short-range structural decay and long-range force decay in ionic liquids." Chemical Physics Letters 739, no. : 137001.