Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) is a promising technology that can provide a low-emission energy carrier for long-term storage. This study presents an optimization approach to a novel small-scale containerized P2A concept commissioned in 2024. A dynamic nonlinear optimization problem of the P2A concept is set up, employing the non-commercial MOSAIC^® software V3.0.1 in combination with the NEOS^® server. In total, seven optimization solvers, ANTIGONE^®, CONOPT^®, IPOPT^®, KNITRO^®, MINOS^®, PATHNLP^®, and SNOPT^®, are used. The first and main part of this work optimizes several disturbance scenarios of the concept and aims to determine the optimal reactor temperature profile to counter the disturbances. The optimization results suggest, for example, lowering the reactor temperature profile if the hydrogen and nitrogen inlet streams into the system decrease. The second part of this work presents a crude dynamic optimal scheduling model. This part aims to determine the amount of ammonia to be produced and sold given a randomized price of electricity for three consecutive points in time. The optimization results recommend decreasing production when the price of electricity is high and vice versa. However, the dynamic model must be improved to include fluctuations in the price of ammonia. Then, it can be used as a real-time optimization tool.

Ammonia is a promising carbon‐free energy vector. Small‐scale renewable power‐to‐ammonia (P2A) is particularly suited for isolated agricultural areas where ammonia can be used as fuel and fertilizer. This work compares two approaches to simulate and optimize the steady‐state behavior of a novel small‐scale P2A process: Aspen Plus^® and MOSAIC^®. Aspen Plus^® is a commercial flow sheeting software whereas MOSAIC^® is a freeware where equations and thermochemical properties need to be specified by hand. It can be shown that the results of MOSAIC^® and Aspen Plus^® are qualitatively comparable, but not identical. This suggests that the model in MOSAIC^® can be improved further, starting with the implementation of a more accurate numeric reactor kinetics and equation of state.