Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common problem in clinical practice that affects the functionality of the shoulder. This study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) assisted therapy in treating this syndrome, focusing on assessment using the Constant-Murley shoulder score. Materials and Methods: A group of 288 participants was randomly divided into two categories: an experimental group that received VR therapy and a control group that underwent conventional therapy. The Constant-Murley shoulder score assessed patients' progress, measuring shoulder function, joint mobility, and associated pain. Results: The participants underwent therapeutic interventions for 50 weeks, and the results were compared between the two groups. The experimental group that benefited from VR therapy showed significant improvements in Constant-Murley scores, indicating an increase in shoulder functionality, joint mobility, and pain reduction compared to the control group. Conclusion: VR therapy has proven effective in improving shoulder functionality in patients with SIS according to the Constant-Murley score. These results support the use of VR as an innovative and promising therapeutic option in treating this musculoskeletal condition.

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a prevalent cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) therapy on shoulder function, joint dysfunction, and pain in SIS patients, comparing its effectiveness to traditional rehabilitation methods. Materials and Methods: Over 50 weeks, 288 participants with SIS were recruited and divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) receiving VR-augmented therapy and a control group (CG) undergoing conventional rehabilitation. Recovery was assessed using the Painful Arch Test and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) at key intervals (T0, T1, T2, and T3). Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate recovery times and functional improvements. Results: The EG showed significantly faster recovery with a mean duration of 6.04 weeks compared to 7.01 weeks for the CG (p = 0.0041), as determined by the Welch Two Sample t-test. The 95% confidence interval (0.3137 to 1.6330) confirmed the reliability of these findings. The VR group demonstrated sustained functional improvements, as evidenced by narrower interquartile ranges and more stable SST scores over time, particularly by Session 18, indicating reduced variability and faster recovery compared to the CG. Conclusion: VR therapy significantly accelerates recovery in SIS patients, offering faster and more consistent outcomes compared to conventional rehabilitation. These findings highlight the potential of VR as a non-invasive and effective treatment for improving shoulder function in SIS. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term efficacy and potential for personalized rehabilitation programs.

Purpose: Obesity is a major global health concern associated with increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Resistance exercise has emerged as an effective non-pharmacological strategy for improving body composition and metabolic health; however, its effects may vary depending on individual and program-related factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week resistance exercise program on body composition and lipid profile in adult women with obesity. Methods: A total of 30 adult women (mean age: 28.97 ± 6.96 years) participated in an 8-week supervised resistance exercise program performed three times per week. The intervention was conducted at low-to-moderate intensity and progressively advanced through increases in exercise complexity, training volume, and external resistance. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and fasting blood samples were collected to determine triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Pre- and post-intervention differences were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were calculated. Results: Significant improvements were observed following the intervention. Body weight (d = 0.69, p < 0.001), body fat percentage (d = 0.91, p < 0.001), and BMI (d = 0.78, p < 0.001) decreased significantly. Additionally, triglycerides (d = 1.25, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (d = 1.45, p < 0.001), and LDL levels (d = 1.25, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced, while HDL levels increased significantly (d = −0.70, p < 0.001). These findings indicate substantial improvements in both anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Conclusion: Participation in an 8-week resistance exercise program was associated with improvements in body composition and lipid profile parameters in women with obesity. However, due to the single-group pre-post design and the absence of a control group, causal relationships cannot be definitively established. Resistance exercise may represent a promising strategy for supporting cardiometabolic health in this population.

Subacromial impingement syndrome is a common condition in clinical practice, characterized by shoulder pain and functional limitations. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality-based therapy (VR) and traditional therapy in improving functional outcomes, while also analyzing correlations between key assessment tools: the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Score (DASH), the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the Constant-Murley Score (CMS). Patients were divided into two groups (VR therapy vs. traditional therapy), and their progress was assessed using these tools. The results revealed significant improvements in functional scores for both groups, with the VR group demonstrating slightly superior outcomes. VR has not only revolutionized individual patient care but also provided scalable solutions in physiotherapy clinics, aligning with modern healthcare management principles. A correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between DASH, SST, and CMS scores, highlighting their consistency in evaluating shoulder function. Additionally, significant negative correlations were observed between functional scores and pain ratings, emphasizing the critical role of pain management in treatment success. These findings suggest that VR therapy is an effective complement to traditional methods, providing enhanced engagement and measurable improvements in shoulder function. The study underscores the importance of integrating innovative approaches like VR into rehabilitation strategies, paving the way for personalized and multidimensional care in subacromial impingement syndrome. This study highlights how VR-based interventions align with international trends in digital health innovation, particularly in East European rehabilitation centers that have successfully integrated VR-based therapies.

Background: Focal chondral lesions of the knee are frequently underdiagnosed, and their clinical presentation does not always correlate with structural severity. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of clinical examination tests and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) in identifying high-grade chondral defects, using MRI-based ICRS grading as the reference standard. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 57 consecutive patients with mechanical knee pain and MRI-confirmed focal chondral lesions were evaluated through standardized clinical examination, MSK-US, and MRI. Clinical maneuvers—including Wilson’s test, McMurray’s test, and ligamentous stability tests—were analyzed using Chi-square tests, Pearson correlations, and odds ratios (OR). Statistical processing was performed in Python. Results: According to MRI grading, 87.7% of lesions were ICRS 3, and 12.3% were ICRS 4. Pain and functional impairment (as measured by the WOMAC) were moderate and comparable across lesion grades. Wilson’s test showed high sensitivity in both ICRS 3 (66%) and ICRS 4 (100%) lesions, but no statistical association with lesion severity (p = 0.955). McMurray’s test demonstrated strong discriminative value, being positive in 30% of ICRS 3 versus 86% of ICRS 4 lesions, and was the only clinical maneuver significantly associated with lesion grade (χ² = 4.29, p = 0.038; OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.79). Correlation analysis revealed weak associations between clinical tests and the location of compartment-specific defects. MRI identified meniscal tears in 86% of ICRS 4 lesions compared with 30% of ICRS 3 lesions. Conclusions: Symptom severity alone does not reliably distinguish between ICRS Grade 3 and Grade 4 focal chondral lesions. McMurray’s test, while not cartilage-specific, was associated with lesion complexity due to its reflection of concomitant meniscal pathology rather than cartilage depth itself. Accordingly, McMurray’s test should be interpreted as an indirect clinical indicator of combined osteochondral–meniscal involvement. The integration of targeted clinical tests (Wilson’s and McMurray’s), MSK-US and MRI-based ICRS grading may support clinical orientation and preoperative risk stratification, forming a pragmatic diagnostic framework rather than a definitive staging tool.

Background: The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess sleep quality and sleep perceptions in the context of exercise among adults who engage in regular exercise. Methods: In line with this aim, the Exercise-Context Sleep Quality Scale (ECSQS) was developed, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two independent samples. It was determined that the scale has a structure consisting of a total of 12 items and three factors (Perception of Exercise-Related Sleep, Sleep Hygiene and Environmental Factors, general Sleep Adequacy). The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the total explained variance was 56.8%, which is above the thresholds recommended for construct validity in the social sciences. Results: The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three-factor model exhibited a good level of fit to the data according to the χ²/df ratio, RMR, RMSEA and fit indices such as GFI, AGFI, NFI, IFI, TLI and CFI. In reliability analyses, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.83 for the first factor, and 0.65 and 0.64 for the second and third factors, respectively; for the total scale, Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega values were found to be 0.77. Discriminant validity was supported by the Fornell–Larcker criterion, while convergent validity received only partial support because AVE values were below 0.50. Composite reliability (CR) values were acceptable. Item discrimination analyses showed that all items had item–total correlations above 0.30, and that Cohen’s d effect sizes in comparisons of the lower and upper 27% groups were mostly at “large” or “very large” levels; these results indicate that the scale strongly distinguishes between individuals with low and high levels of sleep quality in the context of exercise. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that the ECSQS can validly and sufficiently reliably measure sleep quality in regular exercisers through a three-dimensional structure, and that, as one of the first Turkish sleep quality scales specific to the exercise context, it fills an important measurement gap in the sports sciences and sleep science literature.