Purpose: The present study aims to examine the mediating role of challenge and threat between positive thinking skills and perception of excellent performance in football players competing in the regional amateur league, which is referred to as a semi-professional league in Turkey.Methods: The study population consisted of football players competing in regional amateur leagues in the 2023–2024 season, and the sample consisted of 388 athletes selected using the simple random method. In addition to the demographic information form developed by the researcher, the Positive Thinking Skills Scale, the Challenge and Threat in Sport Scale and the Performance Perfectionism Scale for Sport were applied to the participants. The data were analyzed digitally through the SPSS 25 package program. The Pearson Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between the variables and a regression analysis of the indirect effect approach based on the Bootstrap method through PROCESS v4.2 macro was used to determine the mediating effect of challenge and threat in the relationship between positive thinking and perception of excellent performance. PROCESS Macro Model Option 4 developed by Hayes was used to examine the mediating effect. While conducting this analysis, the 5,000 resampling option was selected in the Bootstrap method.Results: The study found that positive thinking had a positive, moderate, and statistically significant effect on the perception of challenge (a = 0.439, p < 0.01) and excellent performance (c’ = 0.484, p < 0.001), with approximately 32% of the variance in challenge explained by positive thinking (R² = 0.319, p < 0.01). Additionally, challenge played a mediating role. Positive thinking also had a negative, moderate effect on threat (a = −0.425, p < 0.01), explaining 7% of the variance in threat (R² = 0.070, p < 0.01). However, the threat had a negative and low-level impact on the perception of excellent performance (b = −0.244, p < 0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the positive thinking skills of the football players positively affected their perceptions of excellent performance, and the feelings of challenge and threat they experienced on the field played a mediating role in the relationship between these positive thinking skills and perceptions of excellent performance.

Made the purpose of this study is to examine to see disabled athletes according to the dimensions of the scale of motivation in sport. The study group is comprised of 168 visually impaired athletes in total, including 51 females and 117 males, identified by the targeted sampling method, between the ages of 15-25, who do sports at elite level. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) was developed by Pelletier (1995) basing on the Theory of Self Determination by Deci and Ryan (1985). The purpose of SMS is to determine the level of "internal motivation, external motivation and nonmotivation” of the person in the sports environment and to identify the source of motivation of the person (Kazak, 2004). Validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes was studied by Kazak (2004). In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that to know and succeed and to experience stimuli and identification subdimensions are effective in sports attendance of visually impaired athletes engaged in sports at elite level. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that age, education level and sports branch variables have an impact on tendency for sports. It can be concluded that compared to older athletes, younger athletes have low tendency for sports because of anxiety and embarrassment and are not conscious about why they do sports. It has been concluded that athletes of weight lifting and judo, which have contribution to physical development at the top level, believe the nature of their sports branch contributes more to their physical development and their strength is acknowledged and appreciated by other people. Annotate Highlight

The objective of this research was to examine the Love-Hate and Identification Relationship of Individuals Participating in Euroleague Match for Recreational Purposes. The study was conducted using a relational survey methodology. The study’s population comprises persons who watching recreational purpose part in the Euroleague match held in Istanbul in 2023–2024 season, while the sample consists of 178 voluntary participants selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed the Fan Love-Hate Scale and Fan Identification Scale, in addition to being asked about their gender, marital status, age, educational status, and frequency of attending football matches per week. The data collected from the personal information form and scales was entered into the IBM SPSS 24.0 software package for analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Independent Sample T test and One-way Anova methods. The LSD test was employed to ascertain the dissimilarity between the groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the association between the variables of love-hate and identity. In summary, it is evident that demographic factors, including gender and age, significantly influence fan perceptions and sports identification. In contrast, there is no substantial correlation observed between attributes such as level of education achieved and the frequency of engaging in sports activities, and the aforementioned outcomes. The significant associations identified between the Fan Love-Hate Scale and the Sports Fan Identification Scale underscore the complex relationship between fans’ emotional experiences and their connection to sports. Further investigations could be conducted to go deeper into the underlying causes that contribute to these relationships and inequalities, so resulting in a more thorough understanding of fan psychology.

Background: Moral disengagement has been linked to unethical behaviors in sport, yet the mechanisms through which acute psychological states, such as state desperation, influence these behaviors remain underexplored, particularly among professional athletes. Objective: This study investigated the serial mediating role of psychological flexibility and mental well-being levels in the relationship between state desperation and moral disengagement behaviors among professional footballers. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study and included 474 voluntarily participating professional football players who played in professional leagues across Turkey in the 2024–2025 season and were selected by a convenience sampling method. Participants completed a demographic form and scales assessing state desperation, psychological flexibility, mental well-being, and moral disengagement. Data were analyzed using SPSS v22. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between the variables, and regression analysis was used to assess the effect of state desperation on moral disengagement. Regression analysis based on the indirect effect approach, using the bootstrap method, was performed with the PROCESS v3.5 macro. Model 6 assessed the serial mediating effects of psychological flexibility and mental well-being. The 95% confidence interval values obtained from this analysis should not include zero. Results: The study found a negative relationship between state desperation and psychological flexibility, indicating that higher desperation is associated with reduced flexibility. Additionally, psychological flexibility was positively associated with mental well-being, while moral disengagement was positively correlated with feelings of desperation. These results suggest that individuals with a tendency to engage in desperate behavior are more likely to justify unethical actions, and improving psychological flexibility can enhance both mental health and ethical decision-making. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of enhancing football players’ psychological flexibility and mental health to reduce moral disengagement and promote more ethical decision-making. It also shows that age, experience, and position have a significant impact on players’ performance and decision-making, underscoring the need for individual and team performance interventions.

In this study, bibliometric properties of studies on physical activity barriers in men were analyzed using the Biblioshiny interface in R programming language. According to the results of the analysis, a total of 867 articles were published in 397 journals between 1992 and 2024. A great majority of the related studies were produced by American authors and institutions in the USA. The keywords frequently used by the authors were physical activity, exercise, barrier, health, male, and adult. In recent years, the most studied trend topics related to physical activity barriers in men were mellitus, health benefits, university students, stigma, glycemic control, time, and facilitator urban. The present study indicated that there is a need for both individual and institutional studies on physical activity barriers in men. The research results showed that there were still significant gaps in understanding physical activity barriers specific to men. Understanding these gaps is crucial for developing effective interventions, creating targeted health promotion strategies, and informing public health policy. This conclusion suggests that while we have a growing body of research on physical activity barriers in men, there is still much research to be conducted in terms of developing a comprehensive understanding and effective interventions to address these barriers.

This study aimed to determine how the level of video game addiction has an effect on thoracic kyphosis curvature in secondary school students. The sample group of the study consisted of 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students studying in Çınarcık Firuzan Kınal Primary-Secondary School by deliberate sampling method. The data were collected from 87 students (47 girls, 40 boys) who participated in both the initial and subsequent measurements. The students were selected on the basis of volunteerism and completed the questionnaire questions entirety. The data was collected by using the Personal Information Form, the Video Game Addiction Scale for Children and the flexicurve. The SPSS 21 package programme and the kyphosis index (KI = (TW/TL) x 100) were used to evaluate the data. According to the obtained results, it was determined that video game addiction did not have a statistically significant effect on the kyphosis index in children, the addiction scores of children who participated in recreational activities (p=0.01