The production of nanofibers has become a significant area of research due to their unique properties and diverse applications in various fields, such as biomedicine, textiles, energy, and environmental science. Electrospinning, a versatile and scalable technique, has gained considerable attention for its ability to fabricate nanofibers with tailored properties. Among the wide array of conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has emerged as a promising material due to its exceptional conductivity, environmental stability, and ease of synthesis. The electrospinning of PEDOT-based nanofibers offers tunable electrical and optical properties, making them suitable for applications in organic electronics, energy storage, biomedicine, and wearable technology. This review, with its comprehensive exploration of the fabrication, properties, and applications of PEDOT nanofibers produced via electrospinning, provides a wealth of knowledge and insights into leveraging the full potential of PEDOT nanofibers in next-generation electronic and functional devices by examining recent advancements in the synthesis, functionalization, and post-treatment methods of PEDOT nanofibers. Furthermore, the review identifies current challenges, future directions, and potential strategies to address scalability, reproducibility, stability, and integration into practical devices, offering a comprehensive resource on conductive nanofibers.

In this work, high performance surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators are proposed, using piston mode to suppress transverse modes, and double busbar structure together with thermal annealing to improve quality factor (Q). Firstly, the effectiveness of the electrode structure design was validated through a combination of finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental measurements. Secondly, a performance comparison on 4H-SiC and Si substrates reveals the impact of substrate material properties on device performance with parasitic surface conduction (PSC) effects suppressed. The SiC-based resonators exhibit enhanced separation between the shear-horizontal (SH) mode and high-order spurious modes compared to their Si counterparts. Additionally, the SiC-based device achieves a higher Bode-Q_max of 2350, compared to 2022 for the Si-based resonator. Furthermore, thermal annealing of resonators on both substrates helps relieve residual stress, resulting in nearly 10% Q enhancement of SAW resonators, with the SiC resonators reaching a Bode-Q_max of 2550.

To characterize an on-chip programmable delay in a low-cost and high-resolution manner, a built-in self-test based on a first-order ΔΣ time-to-digital converter with self-calibration is proposed and implemented in TSMC 28-nm CMOS. The system is self-contained, and only one digital clock is needed for the measurements. A system self-calibration algorithm is proposed to calibrate nonlinearities of the analog circuitry. The operation is robust over PVT variations since the delay information is normalized to the input clock period. To verify the proposed idea, two different digital-to-time converters performing the on-chip delay are measured and analyzed at 50-MHz clocking frequency with 0.65-ps standard time deviation per measurement.

In a world characterized by rapid industrialization and a growing population, plastic or polymeric waste handling has undergone significant transformations. Recycling has become a major strategy where silk sericin has great potential among recyclable polymers. This naturally occurring biopolymer is a sustainable and versatile material with a wide range of potential uses in biotechnology and sensing. Furthermore, preparing and studying new environmentally friendly functional polymers with attractive physicochemical properties can open new opportunities for developing next-generation materials and composites. Herein, we provide an overview of the advances in the research studies of silk sericin as a functional and eco-friendly material, considering its biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties. The structure of silk sericin and the extraction procedures, considering the influence of preparation methods on its properties, are described. Sericin’s intrinsic properties, including its ability to crosslink with other polymers, its antioxidative capacity, and its biocompatibility, render it a versatile material for multifunctional applications across diverse fields. In biotechnology, the ability to blend sericin with other polymers enables the preparation of materials with varied morphologies, such as films and scaffolds, exhibiting enhanced mechanical strength and anti-inflammatory effects. This combination proves particularly advantageous in tissue engineering and wound healing. Furthermore, the augmentation of mechanical strength, coupled with the incorporation of plasticizers, makes sericin films suitable for the development of epidermal electrodes. Simultaneously, by precisely controlling hydration and permeability, the same material can be tailored for applications in packaging and the food industry. This work highlights the multidisciplinary and multifunctional nature of sericin, emphasizing its broad applicability.

This article introduces a near-gigahertz, low-power-consumption, and low-phase-noise digitally controlled oscillator using a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) resonator on a LiTaO3/SiO2/ 4H-SiC multilayered substrate. The fabricated surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator achieves a high Bode- ${Q}_{\max }$ of 3916. The high Q of the SAW resonator enables low phase noise and low power consumption for the oscillator. The Pierce oscillator is used to accommodate the asymmetric structures of the one-port SH-SAW resonator. In the nominal configuration, the fabricated oscillator achieves phase noise of −97.83, −125.90, and −151.98 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz offsets from the output frequency of 984 MHz with a power consumption of $126.3~\mu $ W. The oscillator attains a figure of merit (FOM) of 221 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offsets. The programmable load capacitance ( ${C}_{\text {L}}$ ) and bias resistor ( ${R}_{\text {B}}$ ) arrays are designed to adjust the output frequency and power consumption, enabling flexible power-performance trade-offs and frequency compensation for process voltage temperature (PVT) variations. The fabricated oscillator achieves an output frequency range from 977.9 to 986.6 MHz. The lowest power consumption of $66.4~\mu $ W can be realized by adjusting ${R}_{\text {B}}$ . The oscillator was measured at ambient temperatures from $40~^{\circ }$ C to $125~^{\circ }$ C. The output frequency increased from 983.1 to 985.9 MHz, with a frequency temperature coefficient of 17.2 ppm/°C. The oscillator tuning range covers frequency drifts over temperature. This work offers significant potential for ultralow-power consumption and low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has driven the need for ultra-low-power wireless communication systems. Wake-up receivers (WuRXs) have emerged as a key technology to enable energy-efficient, near-always-on operation for IoT devices. This review explores the state of the art in WuRXs design, focusing on low-power architectures, key trade-offs, and recent advancements. We discuss the challenges in achieving low power consumption while maintaining sensitivity, power consumption, and interference resilience. The review highlights the evolution from radio frequency (RF) envelope detection architectures to more complex heterodyne and subthreshold designs and concludes with future directions for WuRXs research.