The prickly pear cactus “tuna pelona” (Stenocereus zopilotensis), is an endemic cactus species from the state of Guerrero, Mexico, it develops in semi-arid areas and has great ecological importance as it houses and forms part of the diet of multiple species in its niche. There is a constant threat to natural populations of this species due to the overexploitation of seedling collections in the f ield by unregulated trade. In order to design an alternative for the conservation management of these species, the objective of the work was to evaluate treatments for the imbibition of “hairless tuna” seeds to promote germination and the successful establishment of seedlings with economic technologies for the farmers of the area. Fruits of "tuna pelona" (S. zopilotensis) were collected, near the community of Xalitla, municipality of Tepecoacuilco de Trujano, Guerrero; the seeds were stored for 70 and 273 days after collection (dac) at room temperature in order to maintain adequate conditions for the conservation of viability until reaching dormancy. In the stored seeds, the effect of soaking treatments was evaluated: 0, 6, 12, 24 and 12 hours in water plus another treatment that consisted of immersion in a plant-based hormonal stimulant. The germination percentage per treatment was evaluated, it was found that the control treatment (zero hours in water) of seeds stored at 70 dac only obtained 2.4% of germination. The treatment of soaking in water and in the hormonal stimulant both for 6 h presented the highest germination values with 48.6 and 44.4% respectively when using seeds of 273 dac at 14 days after the application of the treatments. These results will allow the massive production of seedlings of the species for reforestation and regional marketing purposes.

Mexico is the seventh largest producer of jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa), and Guerrero State agglomerates more than 70 % of the national production. The crop presents important phytosanitary limitations, highlights the "black leg" associated with a complex of pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora parasitica). Losses up to 100 % are reported in areas without phytosanitary management. Due to the nature of the consumption of the final product, it is necessary to implement ecological strategies to manage the disease. The objective of the study was to quantify the chitinases and glucanases activity of Trichoderma spp. isolates, and to evaluate their inhibitory effect in vitro on F. oxysporum and P. parasitica. Strains Ta10, Tall, Ta6 and Ta9 of T. asperellum and Ti14 of T. inhamatum from soils cultivated with jamaica and high incidence of the pathogens were evaluated. The levels of chitinases and glucanases produced in all Trichoderma spp. were significant (p <= 0,05), and it was found that Ta9 had the highest specific chitinase activity, and Ti14 the highest for glucanase. All the filtrates from the different isolates of Trichoderma spp. generated a substantial inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and P. parasitica. Consistently, the strain Ta9 produced inhibition percentages greater than 90 % in both tests. A significant correlation was detected between the enzymatic activity and the inhibition of the growth of the Trichoderma spp. isolates on pathogens.

El maíz (Zea mays L.)., es un cultivo de importancia mundial ya que es suministro de nutrimentos y energía necesarios para los seres humanos, animales y es un elemento esencial para la industria (ASERCA, 2018). México es considerado el centro de origen y diversificación del maíz, existen 64 razas y de ellas 59 pueden considerarse nativas (SADER, 2020), este cereal desempeña un papel primordial en la seguridad alimentaria de la población (Escobedo, 2023). A través de los siglos el maíz ha ido evolucionando y esto ha sido posible gracias a los saberes y conocimientos de las y los agricultores, que se han encargado de hacer una selección de semillas con las características deseables de este cultivo (Magdaleno, 2018). Los conocimientos y saberes tradicionales han sido fundamentales para la preservación de esta especie, lo que ha propiciado poblaciones nativas de maíz que las y los agricultores han adaptado a sus necesidades alimenticias, productivas, ambientales y culturales (Cruz et al., 2021).

Background/objective: The widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture has raised increasing concern about their potential adverse effects on human health. Exposure to these compounds has been linked to multiple negative health outcomes. This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesise the available scientific evidence on the effects of pesticide exposure on human health during agricultural production—with particular emphasis on alterations in gut microbiota and intestinal membrane permeability—by integrating results from experimental and observational studies conducted on animals and humans. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was carried out using the main databases Medline/PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, introducing the search algorithm “pesticides” AND “gut microbiota”, from which a total of seven systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria were found and subsequently analysed. The quality assessment was based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. This systematic review was registered in the OSF. Results: The findings indicate that prenatal exposure to pesticides is linked to adverse outcomes in foetal development. Additionally, pesticide exposure affects metabolic, immune, and nervous system function due to alterations in gut microbiota composition and membrane permeability. Evidence from animal model studies complements human data by providing insight into the underlying biological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, alterations in hormonal signalling and activation of the inflammatory response. Conclusions: Public health strategies should prioritise reducing pesticide exposure, strengthening environmental protection and supporting further research on gut microbiota modulation and intestinal membrane permeability. Such measures may contribute to the prevention and mitigation of pesticide-related health disorders. Limitations: Human data are insufficient to establish clear causal relationships. Moreover, substantial variability among pesticide types and the difficulty of distinguishing the effects of complex mixtures from those of individual compounds complicate interpretation of the findings.

Research on medicinal plants is essential for their conservation, propagation, resistance to environmental stress, and domestication. The use of organic nutrition has been demonstrated to improve soil fertility and plant quality. It is also important to study the effects of the Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR) approach, which is a topic where there is currently controversy and limited scientific information. Evaluating the growth and yields of Agastache mexicana subsp. mexicana (Amm) in different environments is crucial for developing effective propagation and domestication strategies. This includes examining warm and subhumid environments with rain in summer in comparison to mild environments with summer rain. Significant differences were observed in the effects of cold, waterlogging, and heat stresses on the plant’s biomass yield and the morphometric-quantitative modeling by means of isolines. The biomass yield was 56% higher in environment one compared to environment two, 19% higher in environment one with organic nutrition, and 48% higher in environment two with organic nutrition compared to using only BCSR nutrition. In the second harvesting cycle, the plants in environment one did not survive, while the plants in environment two managed to survive without needing additional nutrition. Statistical and mathematical analyses provided information about the population or sample. Additionally, further analysis using isolines as a new approach revealed new insights into understanding phenology and growth issues.

Background: Mexico is the seventh largest producer of jamaica in the world, Guerrero represents the entity with the largest area planted and produces >60% of the country's jamaica. The crop has numerous phytosanitary limitations, among which the chalice staining associated with a fungal complex stands out. The main damage occurs in flowering, reporting losses of 50 to 100% in areas without adequate phytosanitary management. The use of strains of Trichoderma spp. with antagonistic capacity, it represents a viable ecological alternative for the ecological management of the disease. Objective: to identify native strains of Trichoderma spp. and to evaluate its antagonistic capacity in vitro on important phytopathogenic fungi in the cultivation of hibiscus. Methodology: the research was developed in the 2018-2019 cycle in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of University of Guerrero, Iguala, Guerrero. Systematic soil samplings were carried out in jamaica producing areas in Tecoanapa, Guerrero. The isolates were obtained by serial decimal dilutions and consecutive re-isolates until obtaining pure monosporic colonies. The isolates generated were identified morphologically and molecularly. The antagonistic capacity in vitro of each Trichoderma isolate was evaluated against purified monosporic strains of Phytophthora parasitica, Fusarium oxysporum, Corynespora cassicola and Coniella diplodiella. A completely randomized design was established with four repetitions per interaction, an analysis of variances and multiple comparison of means (Tukey, p <0.05) of the variables was performed: percentage of radial growth inhibition (PICR), days until first contact between hyphae (DCH) and area of intersection. Four isolates of Trichoderma spp. with particular morphological and growth characteristics. Results: with the help of the keys of Barnett and Hunter (1998) and Samuels (2006), and the sequences resulting from the molecular tests, it was possible to identify with 99% similarity to T. virens and T. longibrachiatum as Trichoderma species dominant in soils of jamaica producing areas of Guerrero. The results indicated that all the isolates significantly reduced the size of the colonies of the phytopathogens; the Tl4 isolates consistently presented the highest PICRs (75-95%); Phytophthora parasitica was the organism for the most part, and Coniella diplodiella presented the greatest resistance to invasion by antagonist agents. Isolate Tl4 was identified as the one that most inhibited the development of all pathogenic agents (89.25%). In dual confrontations, the hyphae of both microorganisms made contact at 3.25 days after sowing on average. Isolate Tl4 (T. longibrachiatum) was identified as the one with the highest levels of interaction zone and based on the linear regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient, a wide relationship between the zone area of interaction and the percentage of inhibition of the control agents. Implications: It is proposed to continue the study in the field phase, incorporating what was obtained in an integrated pest management (IPM) system. Conclusions: these results contribute to the agronomic management of jamaica in the region as a precedent in the search for alternatives for managing diseases with low environmental impact, also contributing to the determination of the etiology of the disease.