The gliding arc discharge plasma (GAD) technique was used for discoloration and degradation of an anthraquinone dye Alizarin red S (ARS), an azo dye Orange G (OG) and their mixture. The influence of chloride and sulfate salts on the efficiency of treatment has also been studied. The aim of this study is the discoloration and degradation by GAD of ARS, and OG and their mixture.The GAD plasma generated between two moist air metallic electrodes connected to a high voltage produced chemical species and highly reactive molecules OH, NO, O, O2, HO2, H, H2O2, O3 … and other excited-state neutral molecules. The reactions of discoloration for ARS and OG followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The apparent kinetic constants of bleaching were found equal to 0.014 and 0.013min−1 and degradation of 0.008 and 0.010min−1, respectively for the ARS and OG. For mixtures, the rate of discoloration was 80% in 120min of treatment for mixtures III, IV and V, while the rate of COD reduction was fast in the first 30min since it varied between 35% and 40% for all mixtures but stabilized at 68% toward the end of the treatment. The addition of chloride salts and sulfate showed a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment.GAD treatment is perfectly suited to dyes treatment. It is an alternative method that is part of green chemistry and sustainable development objectives

This work proposes an optimisation of municipal solid waste collection in terms of collection cost and polluting emissions (carbon oxides, carbon dioxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter). This method is based on a simultaneous optimisation of the vehicles routing (distance and time travelled) and the routing system for household wastes collection based on the existing network of containers, the capacity of vehicles and the quantities generated in every collecting point. The process of vehicle routing optimisation involves a geographical information system. This optimisation has enabled a reduction of travelled distances, collection time, fuel consumption and polluting emissions. Pertinent parameters affecting the fuel consumption have been utilised, such as the state of the road, the vehicles speed in the different paths, the vehicles load and collection frequencies. Several scenarios have been proposed. The results show the importance of the construction of a waste transfer station that can reduce the cost of household waste collection and emissions of waste transfer pollutants. Among the proposed five scenarios, we have noticed that the fourth scenario (by constructing a waste transfer centre) was the most performing. So, the routes of optimised travelled distance of the new circuits have been reduced by 71.81%. The fuel consumption has been reduced by 72.05% and the total cost of the collection has been reduced by 46.8%. For the polluting emissions, the reduction has been by 60.2% for carbon oxides, by 67.9% for carbon dioxides, by 74.2% for nitrogen oxides and by 65% for particulate matter.

NEPHROPROTECTIVE AND DIURETIC EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA L SEEDS OIL ON LITHIASIC WISTAR RATS