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Neil Johannsen
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA

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Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Viruses
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Circulating immune cell numbers and phenotypes are impacted by high-intensity acute bouts of exercise and infection history with the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV). In particular, CMV infection history impairs the exercise-induced mobilization of cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells 1 (ILC1) cells, also known as NK cells, in the blood. However, it remains unknown whether exercise and CMV infection modulate the mobilization of traditionally tissue-resident non-cytotoxic ILCs into the peripheral blood compartment. To address this question, 22 healthy individuals with or without CMV (20–35 years—45% CMVpos) completed 30 min of cycling at 70% VO2 max, and detailed phenotypic analysis of circulating ILCs was performed at rest and immediately post-exercise. We show for the first time that a bout of high-intensity exercise is associated with an influx of ILCs that are traditionally regarded as tissue-resident. In addition, this is the first study to highlight that latent CMV infection blunts the exercise-response of total ILCs and progenitor ILCs (ILCPs). These promising data suggest that acute exercise facilitates the circulation of certain ILC subsets, further advocating for the improvements in health seen with exercise by enhancing cellular mobilization and immunosurveillance, while also highlighting the indirect deleterious effects of CMV infection in healthy adults.

ACS Style

Eunhan Cho; Bailey Theall; James Stampley; Joshua Granger; Neil Johannsen; Brian Irving; Guillaume Spielmann. Cytomegalovirus Infection Impairs the Mobilization of Tissue-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells into the Peripheral Blood Compartment in Response to Acute Exercise. Viruses 2021, 13, 1535 .

AMA Style

Eunhan Cho, Bailey Theall, James Stampley, Joshua Granger, Neil Johannsen, Brian Irving, Guillaume Spielmann. Cytomegalovirus Infection Impairs the Mobilization of Tissue-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells into the Peripheral Blood Compartment in Response to Acute Exercise. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1535.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eunhan Cho; Bailey Theall; James Stampley; Joshua Granger; Neil Johannsen; Brian Irving; Guillaume Spielmann. 2021. "Cytomegalovirus Infection Impairs the Mobilization of Tissue-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells into the Peripheral Blood Compartment in Response to Acute Exercise." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1535.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2021 in Journal of Building Engineering
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Combining immersive virtual environment (IVE) with a controlled environment is a potential solution for analyzing human thermal experience during building design. Existing studies in this field have not adequately analyzed scenarios involving stabilized comfortable and uncomfortable temperature conditions using both thermal state votes and physiological responses, or the influence of the seasons. By combining IVE with a climate chamber, called mixed IVE (MIVE) in this study, experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that participants' virtual experience did not significantly alter their thermal experience compared to their in-situ experience. Response variables were the control temperature distribution, the thermal state vote (at temperature steps 18.3 °C, 23.8 °C, and 29.4 °C), and physiological responses (heart rate and skin temperature). The results show that the first two response variables were not significantly different between the MIVE and in-situ settings (except for one case). Due to the heat development of the head mounted display device, the mean forehead skin temperature in the MIVE experiments was significantly higher than that in the in-situ experiments in most cases. However, such difference in skin temperature did not seem to affect general thermal state votes. In addition, significant skin temperature differences at some locations were also observed between the MIVE and in-situ settings.

ACS Style

Sanaz Saeidi; Girish Rentala; Tracey Rizzuto; Tianzhen Hong; Neil Johannsen; Yimin Zhu. Exploring thermal state in mixed immersive virtual environments. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 44, 102918 .

AMA Style

Sanaz Saeidi, Girish Rentala, Tracey Rizzuto, Tianzhen Hong, Neil Johannsen, Yimin Zhu. Exploring thermal state in mixed immersive virtual environments. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 44 ():102918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanaz Saeidi; Girish Rentala; Tracey Rizzuto; Tianzhen Hong; Neil Johannsen; Yimin Zhu. 2021. "Exploring thermal state in mixed immersive virtual environments." Journal of Building Engineering 44, no. : 102918.

Communication
Published: 24 January 2021 in Sensors
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This study aimed to describe the physical demands of American football players using novel performance analysis techniques. Heart rate (HR) and accelerometer-based activity levels were observed across two pre-season scrimmages in 23 Division I collegiate football players (age: 19 ± 1 y, height: 1.90 ± 0.06 m, weight: 116.2 ± 19.4 kg). Data were analyzed using a MATLAB program and inter-rater reproducibility assessed using inter-class correlations (ICC). Players were analyzed by side (offense/defense) and position (skill/non-skill). Performance variables assessed in bursts of activity included burst duration, HRmean and HRmax (bpm), and mean activity (vector magnitude units [vmu]). Exercise intensity was categorized as time spent in % HRmax in 5% increments. The burst duration (8.1±3.9 min, ICC = 0.72), HRmean (157 ± 12 bpm, ICC = 0.96) and mean activity (0.30 ± 0.05 vmu, ICC = 0.86) were reproducible. HRmean (p = 0.05) and HRmax (p = 0.001) were greater on defense. Offense spent more time at 65–70% HRmax (p = 0.01), 70–75% HRmax (p = 0.02) while defense spent more time 90–95% HRmax and ≥95% HRmax (p = 0.03). HRmean (p = 0.70) and HRpeak (p = 0.80) were not different between positions across both sides. Skilled players demonstrated greater mean activity (p = 0.02). The sport-specific analysis described HR and activity level in a reproducible manner. Automated methods of assessing HR may be useful in training and game time performance but ultimately provides support to coaching decision making.

ACS Style

Kate Early; Nathan Lemoine; Annie Simoneaux; Shelly Mullenix; Jack Marucci; Michael MacLellan; Neil Johannsen. Positional Differences in Pre-Season Scrimmage Performance of Division I Collegiate Football Players. Sensors 2021, 21, 769 .

AMA Style

Kate Early, Nathan Lemoine, Annie Simoneaux, Shelly Mullenix, Jack Marucci, Michael MacLellan, Neil Johannsen. Positional Differences in Pre-Season Scrimmage Performance of Division I Collegiate Football Players. Sensors. 2021; 21 (3):769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kate Early; Nathan Lemoine; Annie Simoneaux; Shelly Mullenix; Jack Marucci; Michael MacLellan; Neil Johannsen. 2021. "Positional Differences in Pre-Season Scrimmage Performance of Division I Collegiate Football Players." Sensors 21, no. 3: 769.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2020 in Medicina
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Research investigating hydration strategies specialized for women’s soccer players is limited, despite the growth in the sport. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fluid balance and electrolyte losses in collegiate women’s soccer players. Eighteen NCAA Division I women’s soccer players were recruited (age: 19.2 ± 1.0yr; weight: 68.5 ± 9.0kg, and height: 168.4 ± 6.7cm; mean ± SD), including: 3 forwards (FW), 7 mid-fielders (MD), 5 defenders (DF), and 3 goalkeepers (GK). Players practiced outdoor during spring off-season training camp for a total 14 practices (WBGT: 18.3 ± 3.1 °C). The main outcome measures included body mass change (BMC), sweat rate, urine and sweat electrolyte concentrations, and fluid intake. Results were analyzed for comparison between low (LOW; 16.2 ± 2.6° C, n = 7) and moderate risk environments for hyperthermia (MOD; 20.5 ± 1.5 °C, n = 7) as well as by field position. The majority (54%) of players were in a hypohydrated state prior to practice. Overall, 26.7% of players had a %BMC greater than 0%, 71.4% of players had a %BMC less than −2%, and 1.9% of players had a %BMC greater than −2% (all MD position). Mean %BMC and sweat rate in all environmental conditions were −0.4 ± 0.4kg (−0.5 ± 0.6% body mass) and 1.03 ± 0.21 mg·cm-2·min-1, respectively. In the MOD environment, players exhibited a greater sweat rate (1.07 ± 0.22 mg·cm-2·min-1) compared to LOW (0.99 ± 0.22 mg·cm-2·min-1; p = 0.02). By position, DF had a greater total fluid intake and a lower %BMC compared to FW, MD, and GK (all p < 0.001). FW had a greater sweat sodium (Na+) (51.4 ± 9.8 mmol·L-1), whereas GK had the lowest sweat sodium (Na+) (30.9 ± 3.9 mmol·L-1). Hydration strategies should target pre-practice to ensure players are adequately hydrated. Environments deemed to be of moderate risk of hyperthermia significantly elevated the sweat rate but did not influence fluid intake and hydration status compared to low-risk environments. Given the differences in fluid balance and sweat responses, recommendations should be issued relative to soccer position.

ACS Style

Haoyan Wang; Kate Early; Bailey Theall; Adam Lowe; Nathan Lemoine; Jack Marucci; Shelly Mullenix; Neil Johannsen. Effects of Field Position on Fluid Balance and Electrolyte Losses in Collegiate Women’s Soccer Players. Medicina 2020, 56, 502 .

AMA Style

Haoyan Wang, Kate Early, Bailey Theall, Adam Lowe, Nathan Lemoine, Jack Marucci, Shelly Mullenix, Neil Johannsen. Effects of Field Position on Fluid Balance and Electrolyte Losses in Collegiate Women’s Soccer Players. Medicina. 2020; 56 (10):502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haoyan Wang; Kate Early; Bailey Theall; Adam Lowe; Nathan Lemoine; Jack Marucci; Shelly Mullenix; Neil Johannsen. 2020. "Effects of Field Position on Fluid Balance and Electrolyte Losses in Collegiate Women’s Soccer Players." Medicina 56, no. 10: 502.

Original article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Obesity
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Objective This study aimed to determine whether different measures of habitual physical activity (PA) at baseline predict weight change, weight compensation, and changes in energy intake (EI) during a 24‐week supervised aerobic exercise intervention. Methods Data from 108 participants (78 women; 48.7 [SD: 11.6] years; BMI 31.4 [SD: 4.6] kg/m2), randomly assigned to either the moderate‐dose exercise group (8 kcal/kg of body weight per week) or the high‐dose exercise group (20 kcal/kg of body weight per week) of the Examination of Mechanisms of Exercise‐induced Weight Compensation (E‐MECHANIC) trial, were analyzed. Moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), steps per day, and PA energy expenditure (PAEE) were measured with SenseWear armbands (BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), and total activity energy expenditure and EI were estimated with doubly labeled water, all over 2 weeks, before and toward the end of the intervention. Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for sex, exercise group, and baseline value of the outcome, were used. Results Baseline habitual MVPA levels predicted weight change (β = −0.275; P = 0.020), weight compensation (β = −0.238; P = 0.043), and change in EI (β = −0.318; P = 0.001). Associations between baseline PAEE and outcomes were comparable, whereas steps per day and, importantly, total activity energy expenditure (via doubly labeled water) did not significantly predict change in weight‐related outcomes. Conclusions While acknowledging substantial variability in the data, on average, lower baseline habitual MVPA and PAEE levels were associated with less weight loss from exercise, higher compensation, and increased EI.

ACS Style

Christoph Höchsmann; James L. Dorling; John W. Apolzan; Neil M. Johannsen; Daniel S. Hsia; Corby K. Martin. Baseline Habitual Physical Activity Predicts Weight Loss, Weight Compensation, and Energy Intake During Aerobic Exercise. Obesity 2020, 28, 882 -892.

AMA Style

Christoph Höchsmann, James L. Dorling, John W. Apolzan, Neil M. Johannsen, Daniel S. Hsia, Corby K. Martin. Baseline Habitual Physical Activity Predicts Weight Loss, Weight Compensation, and Energy Intake During Aerobic Exercise. Obesity. 2020; 28 (5):882-892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Höchsmann; James L. Dorling; John W. Apolzan; Neil M. Johannsen; Daniel S. Hsia; Corby K. Martin. 2020. "Baseline Habitual Physical Activity Predicts Weight Loss, Weight Compensation, and Energy Intake During Aerobic Exercise." Obesity 28, no. 5: 882-892.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 31 July 2019 in Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
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ACS Style

Christoph Höchsmann; James L. Dorling; John W. Apolzan; Neil M. Johannsen; Daniel S. Hsia; Timothy S. Church; Corby K. Martin. Effect of different doses of supervised aerobic exercise on heart rate recovery in inactive adults who are overweight or obese: results from E-MECHANIC. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2019, 119, 2095 -2103.

AMA Style

Christoph Höchsmann, James L. Dorling, John W. Apolzan, Neil M. Johannsen, Daniel S. Hsia, Timothy S. Church, Corby K. Martin. Effect of different doses of supervised aerobic exercise on heart rate recovery in inactive adults who are overweight or obese: results from E-MECHANIC. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2019; 119 (9):2095-2103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Höchsmann; James L. Dorling; John W. Apolzan; Neil M. Johannsen; Daniel S. Hsia; Timothy S. Church; Corby K. Martin. 2019. "Effect of different doses of supervised aerobic exercise on heart rate recovery in inactive adults who are overweight or obese: results from E-MECHANIC." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 119, no. 9: 2095-2103.

Perspective
Published: 05 November 2018 in Sports
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Purpose: To examine data reporting characteristics in sports nutrition. Methods: We examined 236 papers from ten journals published in 2016. The primary outcome was statistical variance associated with treatment (SD (correct) vs. SEM or CI). Secondary outcomes included the reporting of: (a) effect sizes (Y/N); (b) outcome prioritization (Y/N; primary, secondary, etc.) and (c) statistical variance relative to change from baseline (CI (correct) vs. SD or SEM). As tertiary/exploratory outcome, we examined whether authors stated a directed hypothesis. Statistical evaluation was performed using chi-square analyses. Results: We observed significant trends for all analyses (p < 0.001) and between category comparisons (p < 0.002). For the primary outcome, 128 (59%) articles correctly used SD to denote treatment variance, while 79 (36%) and 11 (5%) used SEM and CI, respectively. For secondary outcomes, 63 articles (29%) reported effect sizes, while 155 (71%) did not. Additionally, 188 articles (86%) did not prioritize outcomes, 134 articles (61%) stated no hypotheses and 40 (19%, out of 100) articles used CI to denote change scores vs. SD (19%, n = 41) and SEM (n = 10, 5%). Eight articles (4%) reported no variance terms. Conclusions: Overall, there are gaps regarding reporting in sports nutrition. Editors, journal publishers, and the field of exercise science alike should consider these outcomes and provide editorial staff, reviewers and authors with more concrete guidelines.

ACS Style

Conrad P. Earnest; Brandon M. Roberts; Christopher R. Harnish; Jessica L. Kutz; Jason M. Cholewa; Neil M. Johannsen. Reporting Characteristics in Sports Nutrition. Sports 2018, 6, 139 .

AMA Style

Conrad P. Earnest, Brandon M. Roberts, Christopher R. Harnish, Jessica L. Kutz, Jason M. Cholewa, Neil M. Johannsen. Reporting Characteristics in Sports Nutrition. Sports. 2018; 6 (4):139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Conrad P. Earnest; Brandon M. Roberts; Christopher R. Harnish; Jessica L. Kutz; Jason M. Cholewa; Neil M. Johannsen. 2018. "Reporting Characteristics in Sports Nutrition." Sports 6, no. 4: 139.

Review
Published: 03 May 2016 in Sports Medicine
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The combination of aerobic and resistance training (AER + RES) is recommended by almost every major organization to improve health-related risk factors associated with sedentary behavior. Since the release of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans in 2008, several large well-controlled trials and ancillary reports have been published that provide further insight into the effects of AER + RES on health-related outcomes. The current manuscript examines the literature on the effects of AER + RES on major clinical outcomes, including glucose homeostasis, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and muscular strength, as well as other important clinical outcomes, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and quality of life. Collectively, research suggests that AER + RES and AER or RES alone improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity compared with continued sedentary behavior. Significant changes in CRF are also observed, suggesting a reduction in cardiovascular disease-related mortality risk. Reduced adiposity, especially abdominal adiposity, and increased strength may also interact with CRF to promote additional health benefits associated with AER + RES. While findings from our review support current physical activity guidelines, a paucity of research limits the generalizability of the results.

ACS Style

Neil M. Johannsen; Damon L. Swift; Carl J. Lavie; Conrad Earnest; Steven N. Blair; Timothy S. Church. Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Fitness, and Other Major Health Indices: A Review of Current Guidelines. Sports Medicine 2016, 46, 1809 -1818.

AMA Style

Neil M. Johannsen, Damon L. Swift, Carl J. Lavie, Conrad Earnest, Steven N. Blair, Timothy S. Church. Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Fitness, and Other Major Health Indices: A Review of Current Guidelines. Sports Medicine. 2016; 46 (12):1809-1818.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neil M. Johannsen; Damon L. Swift; Carl J. Lavie; Conrad Earnest; Steven N. Blair; Timothy S. Church. 2016. "Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Fitness, and Other Major Health Indices: A Review of Current Guidelines." Sports Medicine 46, no. 12: 1809-1818.

Full length article
Published: 12 May 2015 in Contemporary Clinical Trials
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Background Lack of regular physical activity at prescribed intensity levels is a modifiable risk factor for insulin resistance and the development of diabetes. African American men are at increased risk for developing diabetes and most African American men are not meeting the current recommended levels of physical activity. The primary objective of the Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Resistance in African American Men (ARTIIS) study is to determine the effectiveness of an exercise training intervention aimed at reducing diabetes risk factors in African American men at risk for developing diabetes. Methods Insufficiently active 35–70year old African American men with a family history of diabetes were eligible for the study. The 5-month randomized controlled trial assigns 116 men to an exercise training or healthy living control arm. The exercise training arm combines aerobic and resistance training according to the current national physical activity recommendations and is conducted in community (YMCA) facilities. The healthy living arm receives information promoting healthy lifestyle changes. Outcomes Insulin response to an oral glucose load is the primary outcome measure, and changes in physiological parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, body composition, and psychological well-being comprise the secondary outcomes. Conclusions The ARTIIS study is one of the first adequately powered, rigorously designed studies to investigate the effects of an aerobic plus resistance exercise training program and to assess adherence to exercise training in community facilities, in African American men.

ACS Style

Robert L. Newton; William D. Johnson; Chelsea Hendrick; Melissa Harris; Emanuel Andrews; Neil Johannsen; Ruben Q. Rodarte; Daniel S. Hsia; Timothy S. Church. A randomized controlled exercise training trial on insulin sensitivity in African American men: The ARTIIS study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015, 43, 75 -82.

AMA Style

Robert L. Newton, William D. Johnson, Chelsea Hendrick, Melissa Harris, Emanuel Andrews, Neil Johannsen, Ruben Q. Rodarte, Daniel S. Hsia, Timothy S. Church. A randomized controlled exercise training trial on insulin sensitivity in African American men: The ARTIIS study. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2015; 43 ():75-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert L. Newton; William D. Johnson; Chelsea Hendrick; Melissa Harris; Emanuel Andrews; Neil Johannsen; Ruben Q. Rodarte; Daniel S. Hsia; Timothy S. Church. 2015. "A randomized controlled exercise training trial on insulin sensitivity in African American men: The ARTIIS study." Contemporary Clinical Trials 43, no. : 75-82.