Nowadays, a detailed safety policy is applied for dams. These policies cover structural safety, monitoring, inspection, safe operation, and emergency plans. For high-risk dams, all these policy elements need to be included in dam safety programs. Deficiencies in embankment dams, which suffer the most damage, can be detected by visual inspection and programmed monitoring of dams. In dams, horizontal and vertical deformation, leakage, pressure, stress, loads acting on structural elements, and environmental factors are generally measured. These behaviors can be numerically modeled to determine the dam behavior. Numerical analysis methods are important for monitoring the safety of the dam. Models created with software such as Plaxis provide information about dam behavior. Although numerical analysis is very important for dams, obtaining the material parameters used in the construction of the dam needed for modeling, recording the construction stages of the dam, not taking the water level change in the dam reservoir instantaneously, and not taking the measurement records of the dam measurement instruments correctly for different reasons constitute problems and difficulties for the analyses. Within the scope of this study, İkizdere Dam in Turkey was modeled with the Plaxis finite element program; the survey and piezometer measurement data taken from the dam were evaluated by comparing with the analysis results; the difficulties and problems encountered in the modeling and analysis phase were stated, and recommendations were made on dam safety and numerical analysis. Thus, in addition to other studies, it was emphasized that it is important for dam engineers to monitor the use of numerical analysis models throughout the entire process, not only in the planning phase but also from the planning phase to the life of the dam, and to keep records of all recording intervals that will be needed in digital analysis models.

This study examines the long-term trends of key meteorological variables within the section of the Euphrates-Tigris Basin located within Türkiye’s national borders. Using data from 18 meteorological stations (1965-2023) and applying methods such as the MMK test, SS, SR, and several homogeneity tests, the analysis identifies notable climatic shifts. The combined use of these methods allows for a more consistent evaluation of both trends and potential structural changes in the time series. Significant decreases in precipitation were detected at three stations, while the remaining stations showed no clear trend. This indicates that precipitation changes are limited and station-specific, reflecting spatial variability within the basin rather than a uniform basin-wide pattern. In contrast, maximum temperatures increased significantly at 77.8% of stations, and minimum temperatures rose at nearly 83%. The widespread increase in temperature across most stations suggests a more consistent warming pattern compared to precipitation. Homogeneity assessments revealed major change points in 1989, 1994, and 1998 for both precipitation and temperature. These years may be associated with variations in atmospheric circulation patterns and regional hydro-climatic influences, including reservoir-related effects. The identification of similar change points by different homogeneity tests supports the consistency of these findings. These results suggest an increasing hydro-meteorological imbalance, likely influenced by rising temperatures and declining or stable precipitation. These changes may have an impact on the hydrological processes within the catchment area and on water-dependent sectors. The findings highlight the urgent need for long-term, adaptive, and integrated water management strategies, supported by basin-specific climate change scenarios.