The World Health Organization (WHO) has projected that the world should prepare for an aging society. As the fourth most populous country in the world, the elderly population in Indonesia is also continuously growing. In 2010, the proportion of the elderly group was merely 5%, and it is expected to increase to 11% in 2035. Understanding the current situation of the adult population in Indonesia would be crucial to prepare for the future aging population. This article analyzed the current socio-demographic status, nutrition status, nutrient intake, and health profile of the current Indonesian adult population through a literature review. The key issues to prepare for healthy aging in Indonesia are summarized. Acknowledging the profile of the adult and senior adult population in Indonesia will provide beneficial information for all stakeholders in preparing Indonesia for a better healthy aging population with improved quality of life.

The first 1000 days of life constitute a critical phase that will determine the optimum growth and development of a child. An important factor in this phase of life is the perinatal mental health of mothers and children. Mental health awareness is an important public health issue with significant impacts on mothers, spouses, and families, as well as the long-term emotional and cognitive development of children as well. However, the awareness and promotion of mental health within the realms of reproductive health, maternal health, and infant health, i.e., the first 1000 days of life, do not receive high prioritization in Indonesia. Nonetheless, Indonesia, with its existing primary healthcare system, has the potential to raise awareness of and promote the importance of perinatal mental health for its citizens. This experts’ consensus proposes several strategies to maximize the usefulness of primary healthcare facilities in Indonesia, including Community Health Centers and Integrated Healthcare Posts, to support perinatal mental health awareness and promotion during the first 1000 days of life. The success of this program, in return, will improve the health status of women and children in Indonesia.

Air pollution is an unseen threat to children’s health because it may increase the risk of respiratory infection, atopy, and asthma, and also alter gut microbiota compositions. The impact of air pollution on children’s health has not been firmly established. A literature review followed by a series of discussions among experts were performed to develop a theoretical framework on how air pollution could affect various bodily organs and functions in children. We invited experts from different backgrounds, such as paediatricians, nutritionists, environmental health experts, and occupational health experts, to provide their views on this matter. This report summarizes the discussion of multidisciplinary experts on the impact of air pollution on children’s health. The report begins with a review of air pollution’s impact on allergy and immunology, neurodevelopment, and cardiometabolic risks, and ends with the conceptualization of a theoretical framework. While the allergic and immunological pathway is one of the most significant pathways for air pollution affecting children’s health in which microbiotas also play a role, several pathways have been proposed regarding the ability to affect neurodevelopment and cardiometabolic risk. Further research is required to confirm the link between air pollution and the gut microbiota pathway.

Background: School lunch programs play a crucial role in shaping the nutritional status and academic performance of children, making them a cornerstone of public health initiatives worldwide. Objective: To elucidate emerging trends and propose a comprehensive framework for free school lunch as a nutrition policy through a combined bibliometric approach and critical review. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed to identify key thematic areas, influential research, and knowledge gaps from global literature databases, followed by a critical review synthesizing insights on nutritional adequacy, socio-cultural considerations, policy effectiveness, and innovative practices in free school meal programs. Results: The analysis revealed an increasing focus on sustainability, food waste management, and integration of nutrition education within school curricula, alongside notable disparities in implementation and accessibility, particularly in low-income regions. Conclusions: We propose a future-oriented framework emphasizing stakeholder collaboration, culturally adaptive meal designs, and utilization of technology for personalized nutrition strategies, contributing to the optimization of school lunch programs and advancement of sustainable development goals, particularly Zero Hunger and Quality Education.

Food security, food sustainability, and malnutrition represent critical global challenges. Th urgency of comprehensive action is evident in the need for research collaboration between the food industry, agriculture, public health, and nutrition. This article highlights the role of philanthropy, of a non-profit organization, in supporting research and development and filling financial gaps. The article also explores the interplay of nutrition, agriculture, and government and policy, positioning philanthropy as a catalyst for transformative change and advocating for collaborative efforts to comprehensively address global food challenges. In addition, the discussion also underscores the ethical complexities surrounding charitable food aid, especially in terms of the dignity and autonomy of its recipients. The paper concludes by proposing future directions and implications, advocating for diversified intervention portfolios and collaborative efforts involving governments, businesses, and local communities. Apart from that, the importance of answering and alleviating ethical dilemmas related to food charity assistance needs to be a concern for future studies related to philanthropy because of the significant challenges faced by the contemporary food system, which include food security, health, and nutritional sustainability.

Background: Breastfeeding has benefits for both the child and the mother. However, breastfeeding can be a challenge for working mothers due to inadequate time and space for expressing breastmilk, employer perceptions of reduced productivity, regulations prohibiting children in the workplace, and the lack of childcare close to the workplace.Methodology: The experts from different backgrounds were invited to provide their views on this matter. This report summarizes the discussion of multidisciplinary experts on the recommendations about breastfeeding practices for mothers and the workplace.Results: Improving education and knowledge, implementing a lactation promotion model, seeking information, and making plans and arrangements are recommended for successful breastfeeding practices.Conclusion: The aspects of the lactation promotion model can be the key to successful breastfeeding for working mothers.