This study investigates the historical variability in annual average precipitation in the northwest region of Mexico, aiming to evaluate the cumulative impact of precipitation on soil degradation and associated risks posed by rainfall. Despite being known as “The Agricultural Heart of Mexico”, the region’s soil has experienced significant damage to its granulometric structure due to unpredictable rainfall patterns attributed to climate change. Sixteen historical series of average annual rainfall were analyzed as stationary stochastic processes for spectral analysis. The results revealed exponential decay curves in each radial spectrum, indicating a linear relationship between frequency and amplitude. These curves identified initial impulses correlated with moments of severity for structural damages caused by rainfall-induced degradation. The degradation process, exacerbated by water stress, accelerates, as evidenced by maps illustrating approximately 75% soil damage. In the context of climate change and the uncertainty surrounding soil responses to extreme meteorological events, understanding this phenomenon becomes crucial. Recognizing the dynamic nature of soil responses to environmental stressors is essential for effective soil management. Emphasizing the need to employ numerical processes tailored to new environmental considerations related to observed soil damages is crucial for sustainable soil management practices in any region.

Isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened daily tension, leading to stress and other illnesses. This research examined the impact of backyard activities on social and personal well-being, focusing on agricultural (gardens, vegetables, medicinal plants) and livestock activities (chickens, goats, sheep, cows). An exploratory study was conducted using a Likert-scale survey of 387 people, with 22 items covering economic growth, social well-being, and human development. The results showed that 50% of the respondents experienced pleasant emotions through sensory engagement with home gardens, leading to well-being, reduced anxiety and stress, better concentration, and improved family harmony. McDonald’s Omega (ω) value for item consistency was 0.964. Strong correlations were found between economic growth, social well-being, and human development with social and personal well-being, at 0.719, 0.819, and 0.812, respectively. These results are validated by an exploratory principal component factor analysis, which shows the correlation of the classes that integrate backyard activities on a principal axis. Backyard livestock activities had a lesser impact on personal and social well-being compared to agricultural activities, which were valued more for their economic and nutritional contributions. Thus, backyard activities, especially those involving home gardens, significantly enhance social and personal well-being alongside their economic and food benefits.

We studied the potential of white shrimp farming with groundwater from the coastal aquifer of Guasave, Sinaloa. The use of water from the aquifer in aquaculture represents challenges due to variability in the quality of groundwater. We did twenty-three vertical electrical soundings (VES), performed to guide the search for continental groundwater, obtaining the resistivity of the saturated formation (Ro) and a relationship with resistivity of aquifer water (Rw) = 0.4478 Ro + 0.8371. We obtained ionic content and nutrients from shrimp farming water. Also, a positive correlation was found between the electrical conductivity of the aquifer water (inverse of Rw) with chlorine, sodium, magnesium, and calcium ions in 34 water samples. The analysis of ions and ammonia-nitrogen, nitrates, phosphates, potassium, manganese, and calcium were used to select suitable sites to perform in two shorts bioassays: natural aquifer water and adding KCl and Mg₂Cl to simulate diluted seawater. In most natural waters, survival of larvae was higher than 60%, and in simulated seawater survival improved only in two sites. Building the Rw-Ro relation allowed us to infer the quality and suitability of water and the positioning of the most suitable place for drilling. Finally, Rw relation with dissolved ions allowed us to estimate aquifer water quality and reduce uncertainty.

This study addresses the environmental challenges posed by consumerism, evaluating the impact of Degradation-Resistant Organic Compounds (DROCs), such as fats and oils, on surface environments, the subsurface, groundwater, and aquifers. Climate variability has intensified the dispersion of these compounds, particularly in open landfills and poorly managed sites, making it urgent to identify affected areas to plan remediation efforts and mitigate their effects on ecosystems and human health. The objective was to analyze the dispersion of DROCs in an abandoned landfill in northwestern Mexico and develop strategies to characterize the decomposition stages of these compounds. In 2021 and 2022, a two-dimensional geoelectric tomography (GT) was conducted using a SARIS-Scintrex resistivimeter, recording variations in the apparent resistivity of subsoil. Using resistivity measures, the progressive and regressive numerical interpolation of Newton for finite differences, combined with the Lévy-type diffusion operator, classified the invasion areas into three principal ranges: high (recent invasions), intermediate (transition phase), and low (mature invasions).. These ranges indicated how pollutants migrate from the surface to the saturated zones of the aquifer. To validate the presence of fats and oils, a 24-m-deep well was drilled, revealing a positive correlation (R² = 0.863) between the areas covered by the tomograms and the detected contaminants. The results emphasize the need for improved waste management and the careful selection of disposal sites to reduce environmental degradation. The methodology proved effective and rapid, facilitating remediation planning and highlighting the importance of sustainable practices in final disposal to mitigate the impacts of DROCs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and protect public and environmental health.

To address the complex challenges posed by climate change and its effects on surface environments, subsoil, and groundwater, evaluating the impacts of Degradation-Resistant Organic Compounds (DROCs), such as fats and oils, is crucial. Increasing variability in temperature and precipitation has exacerbated DROC dispersal, particularly near open dumps and poorly managed landfills. As a global pollution issue, DROC’s pervasive and persistent nature requires urgent attention. This study aims to develop and implement effective strategies to detect and describe the stages of DROC decomposition. Identifying sites where DROCs are trapped and their dispersion can facilitate planning remediation efforts and mitigating adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The study focuses on evaluating DROCs’ annual spatiotemporal distribution, improving waste management practices, monitoring the subsoil, and implementing remediation strategies. DROCs persist through various stages in groundwater, making effective detection methodologies essential. Continuous monitoring, subsoil characterization, and diverse climatic observations are necessary, especially in areas with improper landfill selection. Poor waste management contributes significantly to DROC pollution, exacerbated by current consumerism and increasing waste. The research highlights the importance of improving waste management practices and judiciously selecting landfill sites to prevent further degradation. Apparent resistivity variations in the subsoil, linked to DROC dispersal, are analyzed to map affected areas and understand propagation under different environmental conditions. New tools and methodologies aim to enhance DROC monitoring and remediation strategies. Adopting sustainable waste management practices and carefully selecting disposal sites is essential to mitigating DROC’s impacts, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and protecting environmental and public health. Addressing risks associated with excessive consumption, inadequate waste management, and poor landfill selection is crucial for restoring ecosystem resilience and environmental protection.

This study evaluates the spatial variability of hydric stress in the State of Sinaloa, northwestern Mexico, through the integrated analysis of hydroclimatic variables, multispectral remote sensing indicators, and environmental factors. Historical hydroclimatic conditions were analyzed using meteorological records from 1961 to 2020, whereas Landsat 8 imagery acquired on 7 July 2025, was used to evaluate the spatial expression of hydric stress. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith methodology, and hydrological deficit conditions were determined from the relationship between precipitation (P) and ETo. Spectral indicators including land surface temperature ($\overline{T}$_a), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and the NDWI/MNDWI relationship were used to evaluate vegetation response, surface moisture conditions, and thermal anomalies associated with hydric stress. The results revealed persistent conditions where ETo systematically exceeded P, with hydrological deficit values ranging from approximately −1600 mm·year⁻¹ to localized positive values near 50 mm·year⁻¹. The most severe deficits were concentrated within the northwestern and north-central agricultural valleys of Sinaloa. Statistical validation revealed significant negative relationships between hydrological deficit and all evaluated spectral indicators. The strongest association was observed for MNDWI (R² = 0.387), followed by NDWI/MNDWI (R² = 0.277), NDWI (R² = 0.220), and NDVI (R² = 0.134), confirming the sensitivity of vegetation and moisture-related indicators to long-term hydrological stress conditions. Spatial analyses revealed a strong correspondence among low NDVI, negative NDWI and MNDWI responses, elevated $\overline{T}$_a, and regions characterized by high atmospheric evaporative demand. Additional spatial validation integrating land-use and vegetation-cover changes (1993–2011), regional geology, topography, and the distribution of highly productive agricultural valleys demonstrated that the most severe hydrological deficits coincided with areas affected by vegetation-cover loss, agricultural expansion, and intensive land use. Although these datasets correspond to different observation periods, they collectively reflect the cumulative environmental effects associated with persistent hydrological stress across the region. The combined effects of hydrological imbalance, forest-cover reduction, and agricultural intensification have progressively reduced ecosystem resilience and increased environmental vulnerability throughout one of the most productive agricultural regions of northwestern Mexico. These findings provide a scientific basis for water-resource management, territorial planning, ecosystem restoration, and climate-adaptation strategies under increasing water-scarcity conditions.