Rural communities in Mexico and other countries with limited economic resources require a low-cost measurement system for the piezometric level and temperature of groundwater for their sustainable management, since anthropogenic action (pumping extractions), natural recharge and climate change phenomena affect the behavior of piezometric levels in the aquifer and its sustainability is at risk. Decrease in the piezometric level under a balanced level promotes salt intrusion from ocean water to the aquifer, salinizing and deteriorating the water quality for agriculture and other activities; and a decrease in water level under the pumps or well drilling depth could deprive communities of water. Water temperature monitoring is essential to determine electric conductivity and dissolved salt content in groundwater. Using IoT technology, a device was developed that monitors both variables inside the well, and the ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure outside the well. The measurements are made in real time, with sampling every second and sending data to a dedicated server every 15 min so that the visualization can be accessed through a device with Internet access. The time series of the variables measured inside and outside the well were obtained over a period of three months in the rural community of Agua Blanca, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. Through these records, a progressive temporary drawdown of the piezometric level is observed, as well as the frequency of pumping. This low-cost IoT system shows potential use in hydrological processes of interest such as the separation of regional and local flow, drawdown rates and recognition of geohydrological parameters.

Bivalves reproductive cycle varies according to the particular environmental conditions where they are found, and these reproductive details represent basic information for their capture, management and conservation strategies. With this objective, the reproductive cycle of the clam Megapitaria squalida, inhabiting the Southeast of the Gulf of California (Altata Bay, Sinaloa, Mexico), was studied using histology and changes in the number and size of oocytes, from June 2013 to June 2014. Histological analysis of the gonads showed spawning activity throughout the year, with two peaks. The first was registered in October and it was accompanied by the highest decrease of weight; the second was in February with the highest percentage of spawning population; besides, a resting period was observed in December. The sex-ratio (female:male) of the clam population was 1.08:1 (χ² = 5.72, d.f. = 1, P < 0.05). Mean oocyte size and number were different (P < 0.05) among all sampling months and fluctuated from 34.6 ± 5.8 µm in June 2014, to 41.9 ± 6.8 µm in February 2014, and from 443.8 ± 424.5 in February 2014, to 1 214.4 ± 267.6 counted in April, respectively. With these results we suggest a protection season from October to November, when the most intense release of gametes occur in this population.

La biología y ecología de las especies Lutjanus colorado y Lutjanus argentiventris son poco conocidas en el estado de Sinaloa, México a pesar de la importancia económica que tiene, con capturas de 233.642 tm en el 2000. Estómagos de estas especies fueron recolectados mensualmente durante el año 2001, a partir de organismos capturados tanto por la flota comercial ribereña como durante la realización de salidas de campo propias. Se analizaron 145 estómagos de L. argentiventris y 87 de L. colorado. Las presas presentes en los contenidos estomacales fueron identificadas, clasificadas, numeradas y pesadas. Para el análisis cuantitativo del régimen alimenticio de las especies se calcularon los porcentajes en número y peso de las presas así como el índice de importancia relativa (IIR) total, mensual, por sexos y por tallas. La dieta de los peces estuvo constituida por dos grupos tróficos principales: peces y crustáceos. La presa más importante en la dieta de L. argentiventris fue Penaeus sp.(Decapoda Natantia) y en la de L. colorado, fue Goniopsis pulchra (Decapoda Reptantia). La cantidad de presas consumidas se incrementó en los meses de verano, observándose durante este período una mayor variedad del espectro alimenticio. Se utilizó el porcentaje en número y en peso para determinar la diversidad del espectro alimentario. Se encontró que estos valores fueron bajos (<0,5), determinándose que la dieta de estas especies de pargos es de baja diversidad pero abundante

The bioeconomy offers an opportunity to implement a truly sustainable global economy based on biological resources, which, thanks to biotechnologies, become renewable. In this study, we conducted a bioeconomic analysis of the three most important species of sea snook in northern Sinaloa using fishery and mathematical models to support the selection of the species with the highest growth and feasibility. Our results showed a condition factor lower than 1 (K < 1) for the three species. The size condition factor was higher in younger organisms for the three snook species. The growth rates were K = 0.320, K = 0.160, and K = 0.440 for C. viridis, C. nigrescens, and C. medius, respectively. Individual growth was 1.8 g/day for C. viridis, 1.47 g/day for C. nigrescens, and 0.91 g/day for C. medius. The length-to-weight ratio indicated negative allometric growth (b = 2.82, b = 2.72, and b = 2.73, respectively) for C. viridis, C. nigrescens, and C. medius. The simulation for possible commercial cultivation reflected varied sizes: 600 g for C. viridis and C. nigrescens and 400 g for C. medius. The financial projection of C. viridis produced IRRs of 14% and 48% in captured fishing and aquaculture models, respectively, with positive NPV. However, simulations for C. nigrescens and C. medius were not economically viable. We conclude that, according to the aquaculture model, the most financially feasible species to farm in the north of Sinaloa is C. viridis, which showed the highest growth based on fishery data compared to those for C. nigrescens and C. medius.

Correct management of the feeding regime in shrimp aquaculture has been beneficial. Still, when looking for improvement in shrimp performance, the results have been contradictory, and the limits between better growth and independent growth as a function of the feeding regime are not clear. In this study, trypsin and α-amylase activity, as well as an interpretation of the energy utilized for enzyme production, were evaluated in shrimp weighing 1 g. Four feeding groups were set to feed one, two, four, or eight times per day over a month, after which trypsin and α-amylase activities were evaluated during 29 h. Results indicated that the group fed once per day ingested 90% of the feed, whereas the other groups ingested 100%. The α-amylase was not consumed during the daytime in all groups, unlike trypsin. Total trypsin activity was not significantly different between feeding groups, but α-amylase was significantly different. Shrimp fed eight times had an elevated α-amylase activity level that was 2.6 times greater than those fed only once, and 0.8 and 0.5 times greater than those fed four and twice per day, respectively. Feeding more frequently generates a higher use of energy that may or may not be reflected in growth but could be essential for all the energy-dependent metabolic processes required by shrimp.

The presence of microplastics on the planet has become a major threat to marine ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them. This problem covers a wide group of animals, such as marine fish, and includes commercially important fish. The present study was carried out from October 2018 to July 2019, the above, with the intention of completing a seasonal cycle. The objective of this work was to know the main types of microplastics ingested by six of the most important commercial fish species for the northwestern zone of Mexico (Centropomus viridis, Cynoscion othonopterus, Pomadasys macracanthus, Diapterus peruvianus, Lutjanus sp and Scomberomorus sierra), in the lagoon and insular systems of Navachiste and Ohuira, Sinaloa, Mexico, 556 stomachs of fishes were examined and analyzed under the technique of stereoscopic microscopy. The results showed that four of the six species analyzed were contaminated by microplastics, finding five different types of particles corresponding to the group of microplastics, [Nylon (99), > Polyurethane (42), > polyethylene (14), > Polyethylene Terephthalate (6), > polyester fibers (2)]. This is the first study that reports contamination by microplastics in these species within the north of Sinaloa, Mexico. http://dx.doi.org/10.37114/abaagrof/2024.3 e2023-15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HLTdisYEnI La presencia de microplásticos en el planeta se ha convertido en una gran amenaza para los ecosistemas marinos y los organismos que los habitan. Este problema cubre un amplio grupo de animales, como los peces marinos, e incluye peces comercialmente importantes. El presente estudio se realizó desde octubre de 2018 hasta julio de 2019, lo anterior, con la intención de completar un ciclo estacional. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer los principales tipos de microplásticos ingeridos por seis de las especies de peces comerciales más importantes para la zona noroeste de México (Centropomus viridis, Cynoscion othonopterus, Pomadasys macracanthus, Diapterus peruvianus, Lutjanus sp, y Scomberomorus sierra) en los sistemas lagunares e insulares de Navachiste y Ohuira, Sinaloa, México. Se capturaron y analizaron los estómagos de 556 individuos bajo la técnica de microscopía estereoscópica. Los resultados mostraron que cuatro de las seis especies analizadas estaban contaminadas por microplásticos, encontrándose cinco tipos diferentes de partículas correspondientes al grupo de los microplásticos, [Nylon (99), > poliuretano (42), > polietileno (14), > tereftalato de polietileno (6), > fibras de poliéster (2)]. Este es el primer estudio que reporta contaminación por microplásticos en estas especies en el norte de Sinaloa, México. http://dx.doi.org/10.37114/abaagrof/2024.3 e2023-15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HLTdisYEnI http://dx.doi.org/10.37114/abaagrof/2024.3 e2023-15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HLTdisYEnI