Objective: This study was conductud with the aim of determining the effects of different applications (Fe fertilizers, K-Humate, and sulfur) on shoot length, active and total Fe, chlorophyll a, b, and a+b, fruit Fe concentration, yield efficiency, and yield of apple. Materials and Methods: In the study, which was conducted in 4 replications according to trial pattern of chance blocks in an apple orchard with a lot of lime and alkaline reactions,13 applications (Control, FeSO4.7H2O (19% Fe), Elemental S, FeSO4.7H2O + Elemental S, K-Humate, FeSO4.7H2O + K-Humate, Fe-EDTA (%13 Fe), Fe-DTPA (%6 Fe), Fe-HBED (%6 Fe), Fe-EDDHA (o-o:2.2) (%6 Fe), Fe-EDDHA (o-o:3.5) (%6 Fe), Fe-EDDHA (o-o:4.8) (%6 Fe), and Fe-EDDHA (o-o:5.25) (%6 Fe)]. Results: As a result of the study, the effects of the applications on the investigated parameters were found to be statistically significant, and the maximum effect was determined by FeSO4.7H2O+K-Humate and Fe-EDDHA (o-o: 5.25) applications. Since there is no difference between these applications, Fe-EDDHA (o-o: 5.25) or Fe-chelate fertilizers can be used instead of FeSO4.7H2O+K-Humat. Conclusion: In addition, it has been determined that iron intake by plants increased as ortho-ortho isomer ratios increase in Fe-chelate fertilizers. It has been determined that applying Fe-EDDHA (o-o: 5.25), one of the Fe-chelate fertilizers, is more effective than other applications in reducing and eliminating chlorosis in calcareous soils.

Bu çalışma, organomineral gübre ve kimyasal gübre ile birlikte K-Humat uygulamalarının silaj mısırın fosfor kullanım etkinliği üzerine etkilerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla tarla koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede ekim esnasında U1 (%100 P) kimyasal gübre (13.24.12-10 SO3+1 Zn), organomineral gübre ile (7.16.10-15 SO3+ 1 Fe+0.5 Zn+20 organik madde ) U2 (% 100 P) ve azalan oranlarda U3 (%80 P), U4 (%60 P), U5 (%40 P) ve kimyasal gübre ile birlikte 6 l da-1 K-Humat (% 12 Humik+fulvik asit) ve kimyasal gübre ile azalan oranlarda U6 (%100 P), U7 (%80 P), U8 (%60 P), U9 (%40 P) fosfor uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, silaj mısırın verimi en fazla fosforun %80’inin kimyasal gübre ile birlikte dekara 6 l K-Humat uygulaması (U7) ile elde edilmiştir. Bitkiye sadece fosforun %100 uygulandığı kimyasal gübre yerine K-Humat ile birlikte uygulamasının gerek verimde gerekse fosfor geri alım etkinliğinde artışlara neden olduğu bulunmuştur. Bitkide fosforun geri alım etkinliği gerek organomineral gerekse kimyasal gübre ile birlikte K-Humat uygulamalarının ortalamaları dikkate alındığında, organomineral gübre uygulamasının kimyasal gübre uygulamasına göre %2 oranında artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir.

En tr This study was carried out to determine the effects of chemical and organomineral fertilizers and K-Humate applications on maize grain yield and phosphorous use efficiency. This study was desingned in line with randomized block design with three replicates. In this study during planting, U1 (100% P) chemical fertilizer (13.24.12-10 SO3+1 Zn), U2 (100% P) and decreasing rates of U3 (80% P), U4 (60% P), U5 (40% P) organomineral fertilizer together with (7.16.10-15 SO3+1 Fe+0.5 Zn+20 organic matter) and 6 L da-1 K-Humate (12% Humic+fulvic acid) and chemical fertilizer in decreasing rates of U6 (100% P), U7 (80% P), U8 (60% P), U9 (40% P) phosphorus were applied. In this study, fertilizer applications were not effective in the change of nutrients in the leaves of the maize plant during the formation of top tassel and it was determined that all the nutrients were sufficient in the leaves according to the limit values reported for the maize plant. The effect of fertilizer applications on the improved grain yield was insignificant, and the effect of phosphorus on agronomic and reuptake efficiency was statistically significant (P<0.05). While the agronomic and reuptake efficiency of phosphorus generally decreased with applications, it increased with the least amount of phosphorus and K-Humate applications with chemical fertilizer. Bu çalışma, kimyasal ve organomineral gübre ve K-Humat’ın uygulamalarının tane mısırın fosfor kullanımı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek için yapılmıştır. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede ekim esnasında U1 (%100 P) kimyasal gübre (13.24.12-10 SO3+1 Zn), U2 (% 100 P) ve azalan oranlarda U3 (%80 P), U4 (%60 P), U5 (%40 P) organomineral gübre ile (7.16.10-15 SO3+ 1 Fe+ 0.5 Zn+ 20 organik madde ) ve 6 L da-1 K-Humat (% 12 Humik+fulvik asit) ve kimyasal gübre ile azalan oranlarda U6 (%100 P), U7 (%80 P), U8 (%60 P), U9 (%40 P) fosfor uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada tepe püskülü oluşum döneminde mısır bitkisinin yapraklarındaki besin elementlerinin değişimine gübre uygulamaları etkili olmamış ve mısır bitkisi için bildirilen sınır değerlerine göre yapraklarda bütün besin elementlerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gübre uygulamalarının düzeltilmiş tane verimine etkisi önemsiz, fosforun agronomik ve geri alım etkinliğine etkisi istatistiki olarak (P<0.05) önemli bulunmuştur. Fosforun agronomik ve geri alım etkinliği genel olarak kimyasal gübre uygulamasına göre organomineral gübre uygulamaları ile azalırken, kimyasal gübre ile en az oranda fosfor ve K-Humat uygulamaları ile artmıştır.

In this study was conducted to determine the macro, trace elements and some heavy metal contents growing and cultivated some edible medicinal fruits and herbs in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. The plant materials included in this study contained macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B) and heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se) amounts were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). According to the elemental analyses, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences in mineral and heavy metal contents depending on the plant species, parts and growing conditions. This work may contribute to knowledge of the macro, trace and heavy elements contents of plants which are of some medicinal fruit and herb.

This study was carried out to determine the optimum levels of NO₃-N (nitrate – nitrogen) in soils. According to the randomized complete block design, increased N applications (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg N ha⁻¹) were applied as urea (46% N) in 10 locations with different amounts of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil profile (0–100 cm). As a result, statistically significant relationships were determined between the maximum product increase in wheat and NO₃-N amount determined by the phenoldisulfonic acid method at 0–20, 0–40, 0–60, 0–80 and 0–100 cm depths of the trial field soils. Considering these relationships, Mitscherlich–Bray equation was expressed as [log (A-y) = log A – 0.048_*b – 0.007_*x] for the bread wheat plants grown in the calcareous soils under irrigated conditions. The levels of NO₃-N in the soil and consequently the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied in calcareous soils varies according to the economically acceptable rate of maximum yield of bread wheat. Hence, the values of NO₃-N determined at 0–20 cm depth was categorized as insufficient (34 kg ha⁻¹).

The increasing drought caused by climate change makes it difficult for rural areas reliant on pasture-based livestock farming to sustain their agricultural practices. Blackberries, a spreading species, have been selected as the material for this study due to their perennial shrub nature and their tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. Türkiye, the gene center for blackberries, is part of the Mediterranean belt and is located at the intersection of three flora regions—Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian, and Irano-Turanian. This study aims to determine the forage value of the Rubus species and other shrub/tree species (Quercus, Pistacia, and Rosa) collected and identified from these flora regions. Furthermore, a linear regression analysis established a relationship between the forage values and the SPEI, a drought index, considering the combined effects of rainfall and temperature in the collection regions. Among the Rubus species, the highest organic matter content (887.8 g kg⁻¹) was obtained from R. pruinosus. In comparison, the highest protein content (240.1 g kg⁻¹) was found in cultivated blackberries in the Euro-Siberian flora region. P. lentiscus had the highest Ca content (14.4 g kg⁻¹) and offered feed at the “Prime” level with 154 of RFV. The SPEI explained 87% of the variation in fructan, 89% in Mg, and 92% in ADF. Due to the perennial nature of the species studied, a strong relationship was found between their growth and forage values over a 48-month time scale using the SPEI. Consequently, the equations related to ADF, Mg, and fructan content obtained in this study can be recommended for woody species.