Boron (B) is a crucial microelement for several biological processes in plants; however, it becomes hazardous when present in excess in the soil. B toxicity adversely affects the wheat yield all around the world, particularly in the arid and semiarid regions. Aegilops, the nearest wild wheat relatives, could be an efficient source to develop B toxicity tolerance in modern cultivars. However, to potentially utilize these species, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms that are involved in providing them tolerance. Other than hampering cellular and physiological activities, high B inhibits the uptake of nutrients in wheat plants that lead to nutrients deficiency causing a hindered growth. Thus, it is crucial to determine the effect of B toxicity on nutrient uptake and finally, to understand the role of nutrient homeostasis in developing the adaptive mechanism in tolerant species. Unfortunately, none of the studies to date has explored the effect of high B supply on the nutrient uptake in B toxicity tolerant wild wheat species. In this study, we explored the effect of 1 mM B (toxic B), and 10 mM B (very toxic B) B on the nutrient uptake in 19 Aegilops genotypes differing in B tolerance in contrast to Bolal 2973, the familiar B tolerant genotype. The obtained outcomes suggested a significant association between the B toxicity tolerance and the level of nutrient uptake in different genotypes. The B toxicity tolerant genotypes, Ab2 (TGB 026219, A. biuncialis genotype) and Ac4 (TGB 000107, A. columnaris genotype) were clustered together in the nutrient homeostasis-based heat map. Though B toxicity mostly had an inhibitory effect on the uptake of nutrients in root-shoot tissues, the tolerant genotypes revealed an increase in nutrient uptake under B toxicity in contrast with Control. The study directs towards future research where the role of external supply of few nutrients in enhancing the B toxicity tolerance of susceptible genotypes can be studied. Moreover, the genotype-dependent variation in the nutrient profile of the studied Aegilops genotypes under high B suggested that increasing number of Aegilops germplasm should be screened for B toxicity tolerance for their successful inclusion in the pre-breeding programs focusing on this issue.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of potassium (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg K2O ha(-1); K2SO4; 50% K2O) and zinc (0 and 30 kg ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O ha(-1); ZS; 22% Zn) applied on plant height, main head weight, numbers of head, concentrations of potassium and zinc in leaves and yield of early artichoke variety in Turkmen Village trial area of Agricultural Research Institute of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus during 2018-2019 artichoke growing period. According to the results, plant height increased 6.64% (60 kg K2O ha(-1) + 30 kg ZS ha(-1); 90.8 cm) compared to the control (85.3 cm) and 19.9% (120 kg K2O ha(-1) + 30 kg ZS ha(-1); 90.8 cm). Although the main head weight of the plant and the number of head per plant increased depending on the applications, an increasing was determined compared to the control. While the potassium concentrations of leaves increased between 5% and 65% compared to the control (0.44%), zinc concentrations increased by 9% compared to the control with only ZS application. The highest yield (89.720 kg ha(-1)) was obtained by '180 kg K2O ha(-1) + 30 kg ZS ha(-1)' treatment. With this application, the yield increased by 40.9% compared to the control. If the artichoke plant will be grown under similar soil and climatic conditions, '180 kg K2O ha(-1) + 30 kg ZS ha(-1) kg' may be recommended because it increased the properties examined.

Bu çalışma, organomineral gübre ve kimyasal gübre ile birlikte K-Humat uygulamalarının silaj mısırın fosfor kullanım etkinliği üzerine etkilerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla tarla koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede ekim esnasında U1 (%100 P) kimyasal gübre (13.24.12-10 SO3+1 Zn), organomineral gübre ile (7.16.10-15 SO3+ 1 Fe+0.5 Zn+20 organik madde ) U2 (% 100 P) ve azalan oranlarda U3 (%80 P), U4 (%60 P), U5 (%40 P) ve kimyasal gübre ile birlikte 6 l da-1 K-Humat (% 12 Humik+fulvik asit) ve kimyasal gübre ile azalan oranlarda U6 (%100 P), U7 (%80 P), U8 (%60 P), U9 (%40 P) fosfor uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, silaj mısırın verimi en fazla fosforun %80’inin kimyasal gübre ile birlikte dekara 6 l K-Humat uygulaması (U7) ile elde edilmiştir. Bitkiye sadece fosforun %100 uygulandığı kimyasal gübre yerine K-Humat ile birlikte uygulamasının gerek verimde gerekse fosfor geri alım etkinliğinde artışlara neden olduğu bulunmuştur. Bitkide fosforun geri alım etkinliği gerek organomineral gerekse kimyasal gübre ile birlikte K-Humat uygulamalarının ortalamaları dikkate alındığında, organomineral gübre uygulamasının kimyasal gübre uygulamasına göre %2 oranında artış sağladığı belirlenmiştir.

Objective: This study was conductud with the aim of determining the effects of different applications (Fe fertilizers, K-Humate, and sulfur) on shoot length, active and total Fe, chlorophyll a, b, and a+b, fruit Fe concentration, yield efficiency, and yield of apple. Materials and Methods: In the study, which was conducted in 4 replications according to trial pattern of chance blocks in an apple orchard with a lot of lime and alkaline reactions,13 applications (Control, FeSO4.7H2O (19% Fe), Elemental S, FeSO4.7H2O + Elemental S, K-Humate, FeSO4.7H2O + K-Humate, Fe-EDTA (%13 Fe), Fe-DTPA (%6 Fe), Fe-HBED (%6 Fe), Fe-EDDHA (o-o:2.2) (%6 Fe), Fe-EDDHA (o-o:3.5) (%6 Fe), Fe-EDDHA (o-o:4.8) (%6 Fe), and Fe-EDDHA (o-o:5.25) (%6 Fe)]. Results: As a result of the study, the effects of the applications on the investigated parameters were found to be statistically significant, and the maximum effect was determined by FeSO4.7H2O+K-Humate and Fe-EDDHA (o-o: 5.25) applications. Since there is no difference between these applications, Fe-EDDHA (o-o: 5.25) or Fe-chelate fertilizers can be used instead of FeSO4.7H2O+K-Humat. Conclusion: In addition, it has been determined that iron intake by plants increased as ortho-ortho isomer ratios increase in Fe-chelate fertilizers. It has been determined that applying Fe-EDDHA (o-o: 5.25), one of the Fe-chelate fertilizers, is more effective than other applications in reducing and eliminating chlorosis in calcareous soils.

Different nitrogen fertilizers and potassium applications have an important impact on the yield and yield components and fruit-quality parameters of tomatoes in both alkaline and acidic reaction soils. This study investigated the effects of different nitrogenous fertilizers and potassium doses on the yield, yield components, and fruit quality of tomatoes grown on alkaline and acidic soils. The experiment was carried out in the research greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty, at Selcuk University. It was performed by using two different soil types, three nitrogen fertilizers [ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium sulfate with inhibitor (AS+inh.), and calcium nitrate (CaNit)], and three different concentrations of potassium sulfate (0, 240, and 480 mg K2O kg-1). We conducted the study by using a randomized experimental plot design with four replications. According to the research results, the highest fruit yield in alkaline soil was 'inh. AS and 480 mg K2O kg-1', while the highest fruit yield in acid soils was obtained with 'calcium nitrate and 240 mg K2O kg-1'. Furthermore, different nitrogen sources and potassium doses significantly affected tomato yield components such as stem diameter, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit hardness, fruit pH, and Brix values. According to the results of the completed soil analysis, the applications demonstrated the importance of accurate and balanced fertilization for high-yield and quality tomato production in different soils. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate nitrogen fertilizers and potassium doses to increase tomato yield and yield components in alkaline and acidic soils. It provides valuable insights for tomato farmers and researchers seeking to improve tomato cultivation techniques in different soil conditions.